Neutron electric dipole moment from lattice QCD

We carry out a feasibility study for the lattice QCD calculation of the neutron electric dipole moment (NEDM) in the presence of the $\theta$ term. We develop the strategy to obtain the nucleon EDM from the CP-odd electromagnetic form factor $F_3$ at small $\theta$, in which NEDM is given by $\lim_{q^2\to 0}\theta F_3(q^2)/(2m_N)$ where $q$ is the momentum transfer and $m_N$ is the nucleon mass. We first derive a formula which relates $F_3$, a matrix element of the electromagnetic current between nucleon states, with vacuum expectation values of nucleons and/or the current. In the expansion of $\theta$, the parity-odd part of the nucleon-current-nucleon three-point function contains contributions not only from the parity-odd form factors but also from the parity-even form factors multiplied by the parity-odd part of the nucleon two-point function, and therefore the latter contribution must be subtracted to extract $F_3$. We then perform an explicit lattice calculation employing the domain-wall quark action with the RG improved gauge action in quenched QCD at $a^{-1}\simeq 2$ GeV on a $16^3\times 32\times 16$ lattice. At the quark mass $m_f a =0.03$, corresponding to $m_\pi/m_\rho \simeq 0.63$, we accumulate 730 configurations, which allow us to extract the parity-odd part in both two- and three-point functions. Employing two different Dirac $\gamma$ matrix projections, we show that a consistent value for $F_3$ cannot be obtained without the subtraction described above. We obtain $F_3(q^2\simeq 0.58 \textrm{GeV}^2)/(2m_N) =$ $-$0.024(5) $e\cdot$fm for the neutron and $F_3(q^2\simeq 0.58 \textrm{GeV}^2)/(2m_N) =$ 0.021(6) $e\cdot$fm for the proton.Comment: LaTeX2e, 43 pages, 42 eps figures, uses revtex4 and graphicx, comments added and typos corrected, final version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Non-BPS D-Branes in Light-Cone Green-Schwarz Formalism

Non-BPS D-branes are difficult to describe covariantly in a manifestly supersymmetric formalism. For definiteness we concentrate on type IIB string theory in flat background in light-cone Green-Schwarz formalism. We study both the boundary state and the boundary conformal field theory descriptions of these D-branes with manifest SO(8) covariance and go through various consistency checks. We analyze Sen's original construction of non-BPS D-branes given in terms of an orbifold boundary conformal field theory. We also directly study the relevant world-sheet theory by deriving the open string boundary condition from the covariant boundary state. Both these methods give the same open string spectrum which is consistent with the boundary state, as required by the world-sheet duality. The boundary condition found in the second method is given in terms of bi-local fields that are quadratic in Green-Schwarz fermions. We design a special ``doubling trick'' suitable to handle such boundary conditions and prescribe rules for computing all possible correlation functions without boundary insertions. This prescription has been tested by computing disk one-point functions of several classes of closed string states and comparing the results with the boundary state computation.Comment: 47 pages, 1 figure. Typos corrected, references added and slight modification of certain explanation made. Version accepted for publication in JHE

Instanton effects in N=1 brane models and the Kahler metric of twisted matter

We consider locally consistent systems of magnetized D9 branes on an orbifolded six-torus which support N=1 gauge theories. In such realizations, the matter multiplets arise from "twisted" strings connecting different stacks of branes. The introduction of Euclidean 5 branes (E5) wrapped on the six-dimensional compact space leads to instanton effects. For instance, if the system is engineered so as to yield SQCD, a single E5 brane may account for the ADS/TVY superpotential. We discuss the subtle interplay that exists between the annuli diagrams with an E5 boundary and the holomorphicity properties of the effective low-energy action of the N=1 theory. The consistency of this picture allows to obtain information on the Kahler metric of the chiral matter multiplets arising from twisted strings.Comment: 33 pages, 4 figures. V2: improved discussion, clarifyng comments and references added. Version to be published in JHE

Genus Two Partition and Correlation Functions for Fermionic Vertex Operator Superalgebras I

We define the partition and $n$-point correlation functions for a vertex operator superalgebra on a genus two Riemann surface formed by sewing two tori together. For the free fermion vertex operator superalgebra we obtain a closed formula for the genus two continuous orbifold partition function in terms of an infinite dimensional determinant with entries arising from torus Szeg\"o kernels. We prove that the partition function is holomorphic in the sewing parameters on a given suitable domain and describe its modular properties. Using the bosonized formalism, a new genus two Jacobi product identity is described for the Riemann theta series. We compute and discuss the modular properties of the generating function for all $n$-point functions in terms of a genus two Szeg\"o kernel determinant. We also show that the Virasoro vector one point function satisfies a genus two Ward identity.Comment: A number of typos have been corrected, 39 pages. To appear in Commun. Math. Phy

Dietary Inflammatory Index and Renal Cell Carcinoma Risk in an Italian Case-Control Study

Background: The relation between diet-related inflammation and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been investigated. Methods: In this study, we explored the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and RCC in an Italian case-control study conducted between 1992 and 2004. Cases were 767 patients with incident, histologically confirmed RCC. Controls were 1534 subjects admitted to the same hospitals as cases for various acute, nonneoplastic conditions. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed using a reproducible and valid 78-item food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated through logistic regression models conditioned on age, sex, and center, and adjusted for recognized confounding factors, including total energy intake. Results: Subjects in the highest quartile of DII scores (i.e., with the most proinflammatory diets) had a higher risk of RCC compared to subjects in the lowest quartile [OR 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02, 1.97; p-trend = 0.04)]. Apparently stronger associations were observed among females (OR 1.68, 95% CI 0.93, 3.03), subjects aged <60yr (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.05, 2.98), body mass index 25 kg/m(2) (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.07, 2.51), and ever smokers (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.08, 2.57), in the absence of significant heterogeneity. Conclusion: A proinflammatory diet is associated with increased RCC risk

The Gravity dual of the Non-Perturbative N=2 N = 2 SUSY Yang-Mills Theory

The anomalous Ward identity is derived for $N = 2$ SUSY Yang-Mills theories, which is resulted out of Wrapping of $D_5$ branes on Supersymmetric two cycles. From the Ward identity One obtains the Witten-Dijkgraaf-Verlinde-Verlinde equation and hence can solve for the pre-potential. This way one avoids the problem of enhancon which maligns the non-perturbative behaviour of the Yang-Mills theory resulted out of Wrapped branes.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX. Talk given at the IXth International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology PASCOS '03, Mumbai-India, January 3-8 2003. v2:some reference adde

Ictal epileptic headache: When terminology is not a moot question

open7noThe relationship between headache and epilepsy is complex and despite the nature of this association is not yet clear. In the last few years, it has been progressively introduced the concept of the “ictal epileptic headache” that was included in the recently revised International Classification of Headaches Disorders 3rd edition (ICHD-3-revised). The diagnostic criteria for ictal epileptic headache (IEH) suggested in 2012 were quite restrictive thus leading to the underestimation of this phenomenon. However, these criteria have not yet been included into the ICHD-3 revision published in 2018, thus creating confusion among both, physicians and experts in this field. Here, we highlight the importance to strictly apply the original IEH criteria explaining the reasons through the analysis of the clinical, historical, epidemiological and pathophysiological characteristics of the IEH itself. In addition, we discuss the issues related to the neurophysiopathological link between headache and epilepsy as well as to the classification of these epileptic events as “autonomic seizure”.openParisi P.; Paolino M.C.; Raucci U.; Vecchia N.D.; Belcastro V.; Villa M.P.; Striano P.Parisi, P.; Paolino, M. C.; Raucci, U.; Vecchia, N. D.; Belcastro, V.; Villa, M. P.; Striano, P

Management of childhood headache in the emergency department. Review of the literature

Headache is the third cause of visits to pediatric emergency departments (ED). According to a systematic review, headaches in children evaluated in the ED are primarily due to benign conditions that tend to be self-limiting or resolve with appropriate pharmacological treatment. The more frequent causes of non-traumatic headache in the ED include primitive headaches (21.8-66.3%) and benign secondary headaches (35.4-63.2%), whereas potentially life-threatening (LT) secondary headaches are less frequent (2-15.3%). Worrying conditions include brain tumors, central nervous system infections, dysfunction of ventriculo-peritoneal shunts, hydrocephalus, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and intracranial hemorrhage. In the emergency setting, the main goal is to intercept potentially LT conditions that require immediate medical attention. The initial assessment begins with an in-depth, appropriate history followed by a complete, oriented physical and neurological examination. The literature describes the following red flags requiring further investigation (for example neuroimaging) for recognition of LT conditions: abnormal neurological examination; atypical presentation of headaches: subjective vertigo, intractable vomiting or headaches that wake the child from sleep; recent and progressive severe headache (&lt; 6 months); age of the child &lt; 6 years; no family history for migraine or primary headache; occipital headache; change of headache; new headache in an immunocompromised child; first or worst headache; symptoms and signs of systemic disease; headaches associated with changes in mental status or focal neurological disorders. In evaluating a child or adolescent who is being treated for headache, physicians should consider using appropriate diagnostic tests. Diagnostic tests are varied, and include routine laboratory analysis, cerebral spinal fluid examination, electroencephalography, and computerized tomography or magnetic resonance neuroimaging. The management of headache in the ED depends on the patient's general conditions and the presumable cause of the headache. There are few randomized, controlled trials on pharmacological treatment of headache in the pediatric population. Only ibuprofen and sumatriptan are significantly more effective than placebo in determining headache relief

Neutron electric dipole moment with external electric field method in lattice QCD

We discuss a possibility that the Neutron Electric Dipole Moment (NEDM) can be calculated in lattice QCD simulations in the presence of the CP violating $\theta$ term. In this paper we measure the energy difference between spin-up and spin-down states of the neutron in the presence of an uniform and static external electric field. We first test this method in quenched QCD with the RG improved gauge action on a $16^3\times 32$ lattice at $a^{-1}\simeq$ 2 GeV, employing two different lattice fermion formulations, the domain-wall fermion and the clover fermion for quarks, at relatively heavy quark mass $(m_{PS}/m_V \simeq 0.85)$. We obtain non-zero values of NEDM from calculations with both fermion formulations. We next consider some systematic uncertainties of our method for NEDM, using $24^3\times 32$ lattice at the same lattice spacing only with the clover fermion. We finally investigate the quark mass dependence of NEDM and observe a non-vanishing behavior of NEDM toward the chiral limit. We interpret this behavior as a manifestation of the pathology in the quenched approximation.Comment: LaTeX2e, 51 pages, 43 figures, uses revtex4 and graphicx, References and comments added, typos corrected, accepted by PR

N=2 Supersymmetric Model with Dirac-Kahler Fermions from Generalized Gauge Theory in Two Dimensions

We investigate the generalized gauge theory which has been proposed previously and show that in two dimensions the instanton gauge fixing of the generalized topological Yang-Mills action leads to a twisted N=2 supersymmetric action. We have found that the R-symmetry of N=2 supersymmetry can be identified with the flavour symmetry of Dirac-Kahler fermion formulation. Thus the procedure of twist allows topological ghost fields to be interpreted as the Dirac-Kahler matter fermions.Comment: 22 pages, LaTe