Superbalance of holographic entropy inequalities

The domain of allowed von Neumann entropies of a holographic field theory carves out a polyhedral cone — the holographic entropy cone — in entropy space. Such polyhedral cones are characterized by their extreme rays. For an arbitrary number of parties, it is known that the so-called perfect tensors are extreme rays. In this work, we constrain the form of the remaining extreme rays by showing that they correspond to geometries with vanishing mutual information between any two parties, ensuring the absence of Bell pair type entanglement between them. This is tantamount to proving that besides subadditivity, all non-redundant holographic entropy inequalities are superbalanced, i.e. not only do UV divergences cancel in the inequality itself (assuming smooth entangling surfaces), but also in the purification thereof

Efficacité antiparasitaire de la poudre de graines de courge (Cucurbita moschata L.) sur les helminthes gastro-intestinaux de la chèvre locale élevée à Lubumbashi en République Démocratique du Congo

L’étude a été menée dans le but d’évaluer l’efficacité antiparasitaire de la poudre de graines de courge sur les helminthes gastro-intestinaux des caprins élevés sur pâturage. Trente deux caprins ont été répartis en quatre lots de 8 animaux : témoin neutre, témoin positif traité avec l’ivermectine à la dose 0,2 mg/kg de poids vif et deux lots ayant reçu 150 mg/kg et 300 mg/kg de poids vif de la poudre de graines de courge. L’examen microscopique qualitatif de matières fécales a révélé une infestation mixte due à Eimeria arloingi, Trichostrongylus axei, Moniezia benedeni, Haemonchus contortus et Oesophagostomum columbianum. Le suivi de l’excrétion fécale des oeufs a montré que le nombre d’oeufs par gramme de fèces a baissé significativement tout au long de l’étude dans les lots traités à l’ivermectine (jusqu’à 92,8%) et à la poudre de graines de courge (jusqu’à 88,6% pour 150 mg/kg et à 87,9% pour 300 mg/kg). Les taux d’efficacité des deux posologies de la poudre de graine de papaye restent comparables.Mots clés : Antiparasitaire, Cucurbita moschata, helminthes, chèvre locale, lubumbashi

PHYTOCHEMICALS DETECTION, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY STUDY ON BERRIES OF SOLANUM TORVUM

Objective: This present study is planned to reveal about the pharmacognostical details, phytochemistry, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant activity of aqueous and alcoholic extract of the berries of Solanum torvum Swartz. belonging to the family Solanaceae, which is a very good anti-inflammatory medicine in traditional system of therapies.Methods: The physicochemical parameters such as ash values, extractive values, and total fiber content, qualitative preliminary phytochemical studies, quantitative estimation for total phenolic contents and flavonoid content, anjd inorganic minerals such as sodium, calcium, and potassium were estimated. Flavonoids present in the methanolic extract were isolated and its Rf values were calculated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography method and compared with that of the standard epicatechin. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by Reducing power ability, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method, and hydrogen peroxide methods. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the aqueous and methanolic extracts are evaluated by disc diffusion method comparing the zone of inhibition with that of the standards such as amikacin and Ketoconazole.Results: It contains a number of potentially pharmacologically active chemicals including the sapogenin steroid, chlorogenin, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins. Both the extracts showed good activity, but the alcohol extract is more active toward all bacterial organisms and also toward fungi organism. Methanol extract shows good antioxidant activity. Antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity of the berries are due to the presence of phytoconstituents present in it.Conclusion: These berries can be used for new formulation in nutraceuticals and polyherbal natural formulations for reducing the oxidative stress-related diseases and different therapies

Birkhoff Normal form for Gravity Water Waves

We consider the gravity water waves system with a one-dimensional periodic interface in infinite depth, and present the proof of the rigorous reduction of these equations to their cubic Birkhoff normal form (Berti et al. in Birkhoff normal form and long-time existence for periodic gravity Water Waves. arXiv:1810.11549, 2018). This confirms a conjecture of Zakharov\u2013Dyachenko (Phys Lett A 190:144\u2013148, 1994) based on the formal Birkhoff integrability of the water waves Hamiltonian truncated at degree four. As a consequence, we also obtain a long-time stability result: periodic perturbations of a flat interface that are of size \u3b5 in a sufficiently smooth Sobolev space lead to solutions that remain regular and small up to times of order \u3b5 123

Time evolution of entanglement entropy from a pulse

We calculate the time evolution of the entanglement entropy in a 1+1 CFT with a holographic dual when there is a localized left-moving packet of energy density. We find the gravity result agrees with a field theory result derived from the transformation properties of R\'enyi entropy. We are able to reproduce behavior which qualitatively agrees with CFT results of entanglement entropy of a system subjected to a local quench. In doing so we construct a finite diffeomorphism which tales three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space in the Poincar\'e patch to a general solution, generalizing the diffeomorphism that takes the Poincar\'e patch a BTZ black hole. We briefly discuss the calculation of correlation functions in these backgrounds and give results at large operator dimension.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure

Direct and indirect effects of rotavirus vaccination: Comparing predictions from transmission dynamic models

Early observations from countries that have introduced rotavirus vaccination suggest that there may be indirect protection for unvaccinated individuals, but it is unclear whether these benefits will extend to the long term. Transmission dynamic models have attempted to quantify the indirect protection that might be expected from rotavirus vaccination in developed countries, but results have varied. To better understand the magnitude and sources of variability in model projections, we undertook a comparative analysis of transmission dynamic models for rotavirus. We fit five models to reported rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) data from England and Wales, and evaluated outcomes for short- and long-term vaccination effects. All of our models reproduced the important features of rotavirus epidemics in England and Wales. Models predicted that during the initial year after vaccine introduction, incidence of severe RVGE would be reduced 1.8-2.9 times more than expected from the direct effects of the vaccine alone (28-50% at 90% coverage), but over a 5-year period following vaccine introduction severe RVGE would be reduced only by 1.1-1.7 times more than expected from the direct effects (54-90% at 90% coverage). Projections for the long-term reduction of severe RVGE ranged from a 55% reduction at full coverage to elimination with at least 80% coverage. Our models predicted short-term reductions in the incidence of RVGE that exceeded estimates of the direct effects, consistent with observations from the United States and other countries. Some of the models predicted that the short-term indirect benefits may be offset by a partial shifting of the burden of RVGE to older unvaccinated individuals. Nonetheless, even when such a shift occurs, the overall reduction in severe RVGE is considerable. Discrepancies among model predictions reflect uncertainties about age variation in the risk and reporting of RVGE, and the duration of natural and vaccine-induced immunity, highlighting important questions for future research

Numerical instability of the Akhmediev breather and a finite-gap model of it

In this paper we study the numerical instabilities of the NLS Akhmediev breather, the simplest space periodic, one-mode perturbation of the unstable background, limiting our considerations to the simplest case of one unstable mode. In agreement with recent theoretical findings of the authors, in the situation in which the round-off errors are negligible with respect to the perturbations due to the discrete scheme used in the numerical experiments, the split-step Fourier method (SSFM), the numerical output is well-described by a suitable genus 2 finite-gap solution of NLS. This solution can be written in terms of different elementary functions in different time regions and, ultimately, it shows an exact recurrence of rogue waves described, at each appearance, by the Akhmediev breather. We discover a remarkable empirical formula connecting the recurrence time with the number of time steps used in the SSFM and, via our recent theoretical findings, we establish that the SSFM opens up a vertical unstable gap whose length can be computed with high accuracy, and is proportional to the inverse of the square of the number of time steps used in the SSFM. This neat picture essentially changes when the round-off error is sufficiently large. Indeed experiments in standard double precision show serious instabilities in both the periods and phases of the recurrence. In contrast with it, as predicted by the theory, replacing the exact Akhmediev Cauchy datum by its first harmonic approximation, we only slightly modify the numerical output. Let us also remark, that the first rogue wave appearance is completely stable in all experiments and is in perfect agreement with the Akhmediev formula and with the theoretical prediction in terms of the Cauchy data.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures, Formula (30) at page 11 was corrected, arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1707.0565

Feasibility Assessment of Direct Marketing Strategies: The Case of Vegetable Farmer Clusters in Marilog, Davao City, Philippines

In the Philippines, majority of the vegetable farmers are categorized as small and are often disconnected from markets, which lessen their opportunities to sell at a profit. This study focused on the feasibility assessment of direct marketing strategies, specifically the farmers’ market and direct sales to institutional users. A random survey was conducted on 110 residents of the first district of Davao City where consumers’ willingness to shop at farmers’ markets was analyzed using Probit regression. On the other hand, case study analyses were conducted to assess the farmers’ market event in a university and the direct sales strategy to institutional user, the food service provider of a government agency. Costs and benefits of each direct marketing channel were also determined. The farmer groups PAFA and SAFE are the producers and sellers of vegetables for this research. The study revealed that majority of the respondents are willing to participate in a farmers’ market if one exists and they perceived it as a source of fresh yet affordable vegetables. Moreover, most of them believed that participating in a farmers’ market is a form of social responsibility. The institutional buyer mainly benefited through significant reduction in marketing costs. Alternatively, the farmers perceived direct marketing as opportunities for learning and maximizing economic gains through diversifying its market portfolio and securing a market for their produce. The results of the study indicate the feasibility of direct marketing strategies to be carried out by the vegetable farmer clusters, which are PAFA and SAFE

Effect of electronic patient record use on mortality in End Stage Renal Disease, a model chronic disease: retrospective analysis of 9 years of prospectively collected data

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In chronic disease, health information technology promises but has yet to demonstrate improved outcomes and decreased costs. The main aim of the study was to determine the effects on mortality and cost of an electronic patient record used in daily patient care in a model chronic disease, End Stage Renal Disease, treated by chronic maintenance hemodialysis. Dialysis treatment is highly regulated, and near uniform in treatment modalities and drugs used.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The particular electronic patient record, patient-centered and extensively coded, was used first in patient care in 3 dialysis units in New York, NY in 1998, 1999, and 2000. All data were stored "live"; none were archived. By December 31, 2006, the patients had been treated by maintenance hemodialysis for a total of 3924 years. A retrospective analysis was made using query tools embedded in the software. The United States Renal Data System dialysis population served as controls. In all there were 1790 patients, with many underlying primary diseases and multiple comorbid conditions affecting many organ systems. Year by year mortality, hospital admissions, and staffing were analyzed, and the data were compared with national data compiled by the United States Renal Data System.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Analyzed by calendar year after electronic patient record implementation, mortality decreased strikingly. In years 3–9 mortality was lower than in years 1–2 by 23%, 48%, and 34% in the 3 units, and was 37%, 37%, and 35% less than that reported by the United States Renal Data System. Clinical staffing was 25% fewer per 100 patients than the national average, thereby lowering costs.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that an electronic patient record, albeit of particular design, can have a favorable effect on outcomes and cost in chronic disease. That the population studied has many underlying diseases affecting all organ systems suggests that the electronic patient record design may enable application to many fields of medical practice.</p