They also served : the women of Southwestern Virginia during the American Revolution

This thesis looks at the legal status and the daily lives of the women living on the Virginia frontier in the counties of Augusta, Botetourt, Montgomery and Washington during the period of the American Revolution. All ages and all levels of society are given consideration in developing the theme that the service performed by the women who survived the rigors of frontier life during this crucial period in American history was as valuable in its own way as was the service performed by their male contemporaries. Court records give insight into the plight of servants and slaves. Court records also give some hint as to the moral choices faced by some women. Other sources have been used to look at the daily lives of women and their activities from meal preparation to Indian warfare

From aptamer-based biomarker discovery to diagnostic and clinical applications: an aptamer-based, streamlined multiplex proteomic assay

Recently, we reported an aptamer-based, highly multiplexed assay for the purpose of biomarker identification. To enable seamless transition from highly multiplexed biomarker discovery assays to a format suitable and convenient for diagnostic and life-science applications, we developed a streamlined, plate-based version of the assay. The plate-based version of the assay is robust, sensitive (sub-picomolar), rapid, can be highly multiplexed (upwards of 60 analytes), and fully automated. We demonstrate that quantification by microarray-based hybridization, Luminex bead-based methods, and qPCR are each compatible with our platform, further expanding the breadth of proteomic applications for a wide user community

Admissibility of a Rape Victim\u27s Prior Sexual Conduct in Texas: A Contemporary Review and Analysis.

The treatment of rape victims in criminal prosecutions has become and remains a matter of intense public and legal interest in America. The conventional use of evidence of a rape complainant\u27s prior sexual history in rape prosecutions was a major focus of the rape reform movement. A major consequence of the movement for reform is the federal government and forty-nine states enacting rape shield laws limiting the admissibility of evidence concerning the complainant’s sexual history in rape prosecution. This article analyzes the admissibility of evidence of a rape complainant’s prior sexual conduct from its common law origins concentrating on the issues of consent, the victim’s credibility, physical evidence of intercourse, and the promiscuity defense. At the federal level, amidst criticism against existing common law rules admitting evidence of rape victims’ prior sexual history, the United State enacted Federal Rule of Evidence 412. Rule 412, in a departure from common law, prohibits all reputation and opinion evidence concerning a rape complainant’s prior sexual behavior. In Texas, prior to the enactment of a rape shield statute, Courts developed the law concerning the admissibility of a rape victim’s prior sexual conduct. Yet, as at common law, sections 21.13 and 22.065 allowed admissibility of evidence of a victim’s prior sexual conduct for purposes of impeachment in limited circumstances. In Texas, sections 21.13 and 22.065 and rule 412 have improved many aspects of common law admissibility of the complainant’s prior sexual conduct by virtually eliminating such evidence. The current law admits promiscuity evidence in sexual offenses involving children. The probative value of such evidence is dubious and the legislature should limit its admissibility. Although some criticism has been levied against rule 412, its value is apparent in light of the egregious treatment afforded rape victims in the past

Study of an advanced General Aviation Turbine Engine (GATE)

The best technology program for a small, economically viable gas turbine engine applicable to the general aviation helicopter and aircraft market for 1985-1990 was studied. Turboshaft and turboprop engines in the 112 to 746 kW (150 to 1000 hp) range and turbofan engines up to 6672 N (1500 lbf) thrust were considered. A good market for new turbine engines was predicted for 1988 providing aircraft are designed to capitalize on the advantages of the turbine engine. Parametric engine families were defined in terms of design and off-design performance, mass, and cost. These were evaluated in aircraft design missions selected to represent important market segments for fixed and rotary-wing applications. Payoff parameters influenced by engine cycle and configuration changes were aircraft gross mass, acquisition cost, total cost of ownership, and cash flow. Significant advantage over a current technology, small gas turbine engines was found especially in cost of ownership and fuel economy for airframes incorporating an air-cooled high-pressure ratio engine. A power class of 373 kW (500 hp) was recommended as the next frontier for technology advance where large improvements in fuel economy and engine mass appear possible through component research and development

Towards norms for accreditation of biobanks for human health and medical research:Compilation of existing guidelines into an ISO certification/accreditation norm-compatible format

In recent years, biobanks have evolved into professional infrastructures that acquire, validate, process, store, manage and distribute biological material of human origin to public or private end-users/researchers. This article (a) highlights the importance of quality assurance for both the biobank basic processes and sample annotation in order to ensure reliable results of research based on these samples, (b) suggests that certification according to international standards can contribute to the organization of the biobanking processes while accreditation can contribute to the organization of sample characterization/validation, and (c) provides a compilation of all existing guidelines against an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) format.</p

Pairs, sets and sequences in first-order theories

Asuransi sebagai aktivitas bisnis diharuskan memenuhi prinsip-prinsip hukum asuransi. Salah satu prinsip yang harus dipegang teguh adalah principle of  utmost good faith, di samping prinsip yang lain. Prinsip ini berbunyi bahwa seorang tertanggung wajib memberi informasi secara jujur terhadap apa yang dipertanggungkan kepada penanggung. Dalam bisnis Islam, kejujuran merupakan prinsip yang harus dijunjung tinggi. Secara hukum, prinsip ini diatur dalam KUH Dagang. Persoalannya adalah apakah prinsip ini dianggap cukup dari sudut pandang hukum perjanjian syariah. Secara sekilas bahwa prinsip iktikad baik sempurna ini telah memenuhi asas perjanjian syariah, namun demikian tidak memiliki kriteria maksimal kejujuran. Ketiadaan kejujuran dalam bisnis asuransi akan berdampak pada batalnya perjanjian asuransi karena ada unsur cacat kehendak (‘uyub ar-ridla). Insurance as a business activity must fulfill principles of insurance law. One of the principles that must be hold on is the principle of  utmost good faith. The principle says that an endured person must honestly give information of  what should be given responsibility to the guarantor. In Islamic business, honesty is a principle that should be respected. From point of  view of  law, the principle is settled in commerce law. The problem is that whether the principle is represenative enough if it is viewed from law of  syariah agreement. At glance, the principle has fulfilled the basic of syariah agreement, however, it does not have maximum criteria of  honesty. Unavailability of honesty in insurance business will give effect of  invalidate of  insurance agreement, for there is a deformity of desire (‘uyub ar-ridla).</p

Association of Patient Sex and Pregnancy Status With Naloxone Administration During Emergency Department Visits

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of sex and pregnancy status with rates of naloxone administration during opioid overdose-related emergency department (ED) visits using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using NEDS 2016 and 2017 datasets. Eligible records included men and women, 15–49 years of age, with an opioid overdose-related ED visit; records for women were stratified by pregnancy status (ICD-10 O codes). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the primary outcome of naloxone administration (CPT code: J2310). Secondary outcomes included subsequent admission and mortality. A subgroup analysis compared pregnant women who did versus did not receive naloxone. RESULTS: Records from 443,714 men, 304,364 non-pregnant women, and 25,056 pregnant women were included. Non-pregnant women had lower odds for naloxone administration (1.70% vs 2.10%; aOR: 0.86(0.83–0.89)) and mortality (2.21% vs 2.99%; aOR: 0.71(0.69–0.73)) but higher odds of subsequent admission (30.22% vs 27.18%; aOR: 1.04(1.03–1.06)) compared with men. Pregnant women had lower odds for naloxone administration (0..27% vs 1.70%; aOR: 0.16(0.13–0.21)) and mortality (0.41% vs 2.21%; aOR: 0.28(0.23–0.35)) but higher odds of subsequent admission (40.50% vs 30.22%; aOR: 2.04(2.00–2.10)) compared with non-pregnant women. Pregnant women who received naloxone had higher odds of mortality (14% vs 0.39%; aOR: 6.30(2.11–18.78)) compared with pregnant women who did not receive naloxone. Pregnant women who did not receive naloxone were more likely to have Medicaid as their expected insurance payer, be in the lowest quartile of median household income for residence ZIP code, and have a concurrent mental health diagnosis compared with pregnant women who did receive naloxone. CONCLUSION: Reproductive-aged non-pregnant and pregnant women were less likely to receive naloxone during opioid overdose-related ED visits compared to reproductive-aged men. Naloxone administration for reproductive-aged women should be prioritized in the efforts to reduce opioid- and pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality in the United States

Mu and Delta opioid receptors activate the same G proteins in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72251/1/sj.bjp.0704430.pd

From SOMAmer-Based Biomarker Discovery to Diagnostic and Clinical Applications: A SOMAmer-Based, Streamlined Multiplex Proteomic Assay

Recently, we reported a SOMAmer-based, highly multiplexed assay for the purpose of biomarker identification. To enable seamless transition from highly multiplexed biomarker discovery assays to a format suitable and convenient for diagnostic and life-science applications, we developed a streamlined, plate-based version of the assay. The plate-based version of the assay is robust, sensitive (sub-picomolar), rapid, can be highly multiplexed (upwards of 60 analytes), and fully automated. We demonstrate that quantification by microarray-based hybridization, Luminex bead-based methods, and qPCR are each compatible with our platform, further expanding the breadth of proteomic applications for a wide user community

On the Kinematics of Cold, Metal-enriched Galactic Fountain Flows in Nearby Star-forming Galaxies

We use medium-resolution Keck/Echellette Spectrograph and Imager spectroscopy of bright quasars to study cool gas traced by CaII 3934,3969 and NaI 5891,5897 absorption in the interstellar/circumgalactic media of 21 foreground star-forming galaxies at redshifts 0.03 < z < 0.20 with stellar masses 7.4 < log M_*/M_sun < 10.6. The quasar-galaxy pairs were drawn from a unique sample of Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasar spectra with intervening nebular emission, and thus have exceptionally close impact parameters (R_perp < 13 kpc). The strength of this line emission implies that the galaxies' star formation rates (SFRs) span a broad range, with several lying well above the star-forming sequence. We use Voigt profile modeling to derive column densities and component velocities for each absorber, finding that column densities N(CaII) > 10^12.5 cm^-2 (N(NaI) > 10^12.0 cm^-2) occur with an incidence f_C(CaII) = 0.63^+0.10_-0.11 (f_C(NaI) = 0.57^+0.10_-0.11). We find no evidence for a dependence of f_C or the rest-frame equivalent widths W_r(CaII K) or W_r(NaI 5891) on R_perp or M_*. Instead, W_r(CaII K) is correlated with local SFR at >3sigma significance, suggesting that CaII traces star formation-driven outflows. While most of the absorbers have velocities within +/-50 km/s of the host redshift, their velocity widths (characterized by Delta v_90) are universally 30-177 km/s larger than that implied by tilted-ring modeling of the velocities of interstellar material. These kinematics must trace galactic fountain flows and demonstrate that they persist at R_perp > 5 kpc. Finally, we assess the relationship between dust reddening and W_r(CaII K) (W_r(NaI 5891)), finding that 33% (24%) of the absorbers are inconsistent with the best-fit Milky Way E(B-V)-W_r relations at >3sigma significance.Comment: 38 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables. Accepted to Ap