On Possibility of Asteroids Taxonomy Classification Based on Multicolor Photometry in the LYRA-B Space Experiment

Possibility of carrying out of asteroids taxonomy classification has been analyzed based on the LYRA-B space experiment data about multicolor photometry in 10 spectral bands in the range from 175 to 1050 nm. Estimations of integral fluxes have obtained for the bands which overlapped with the range of the Bus-DeMeo taxonomy that is from 450 to 2450 nm. Drew a conclusion that the multicolor photometry data allow to carry out of asteroids taxonomy classification for main spectral classes.Анализируется возможность проведения таксономической классификации астероидов на основе данных космического эксперимента «Лира-Б» о многоцветной фотометрии в 10 полосах в диапазоне от 175 до 1 050 нм. Получены оценки интегральных потоков в полосах, перекрывающихся с диапазоном, применяемым в таксономии Бас-ДеМео от 450 до 2 450 нм. Сделан вывод, что данные многоцветной фотометрии позволят выполнить таксономическую классификацию астероидов для основных спектральных классов.Работа выполнена при поддержке постановления №211 Правительства Российской Федерации (контракт №02.A03.21.0006) и Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации (базовая часть государственного задания, РК № AAAA–A17–117030310283–7)

Correctability of thyroid dysfunction by interm ittent hypobaric hypoxia

The work is devoted to studying the effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on thyroid dysfunction. Simulation of thyroid dysfunction by oral introduction of levothyroxine sodium in a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight of the animal is accompanied by an increase in the concentration thyroid hormones and decreased levels of TSH in the blood, decrease blood supply to the thyroid gland and the structural changes, characteristic of reducing its functional activity. The use of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia reduces recovery time of hormonal imbalance in the pituitary gland-thyroid gland, structural, functional and microvascular disturbances in the thyroid gland.Работа посвящена изучению влияния прерывистой гипобарической гипоксии натиреоидную дисфункцию. Моделирование тиреоидной дисфункции путем перорального введения левотироксина натрия в дозе 50 мкг/кг массы тела животного сопровождается увеличением концентрации тиреоидных гормонов и снижением уровня ТТГ в крови, уменьшением кровоснабжения щитовидной железы и структурными изменениями, характерными для понижения её функциональной активности. Применение прерывистой гипобарической гипоксии сокращает сроки восстановления гормонального дисбаланса в системе гипофиз-щитовидная железа, структурно-функциональных и микрососудистых наррений в щитовидной железе

Spliceosome-mediated decay (SMD) regulates expression of nonintronic genes in budding yeast

We uncovered a novel role for the spliceosome in regulating mRNA expression levels that involves splicing coupled to RNA decay, which we refer to as spliceosome-mediated decay (SMD). Our transcriptome-wide studies identified numerous transcripts that are not known to have introns but are spliced by the spliceosome at canonical splice sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Products of SMD are primarily degraded by the nuclear RNA surveillance machinery. We demonstrate that SMD can significantly down-regulate mRNA levels; splicing at canonical splice sites in the bromodomain factor 2 (BDF2) transcript reduced transcript levels roughly threefold by generating unstable products that are rapidly degraded by the nuclear surveillance machinery. Regulation of BDF2 mRNA levels by SMD requires Bdf1, a functionally redundant Bdf2 paralog that plays a role in recruiting the spliceosome to the BDF2 mRNA. Interestingly, mutating BDF2 5' splice site and branch point consensus sequences partially suppresses the bdf1Δ temperature-sensitive phenotype, suggesting that maintaining proper levels of Bdf2 via SMD is biologically important. We propose that the spliceosome can also repress protein-coding gene expression by promoting nuclear turnover of spliced RNA products and provide an insight for coordinated regulation of Bdf1 and Bdf2 levels in the cell

Candida albicans repetitive elements display epigenetic diversity and plasticity

Transcriptionally silent heterochromatin is associated with repetitive DNA. It is poorly understood whether and how heterochromatin differs between different organisms and whether its structure can be remodelled in response to environmental signals. Here, we address this question by analysing the chromatin state associated with DNA repeats in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Our analyses indicate that, contrary to model systems, each type of repetitive element is assembled into a distinct chromatin state. Classical Sir2-dependent hypoacetylated and hypomethylated chromatin is associated with the rDNA locus while telomeric regions are assembled into a weak heterochromatin that is only mildly hypoacetylated and hypomethylated. Major Repeat Sequences, a class of tandem repeats, are assembled into an intermediate chromatin state bearing features of both euchromatin and heterochromatin. Marker gene silencing assays and genome-wide RNA sequencing reveals that C. albicans heterochromatin represses expression of repeat-associated coding and non-coding RNAs. We find that telomeric heterochromatin is dynamic and remodelled upon an environmental change. Weak heterochromatin is associated with telomeres at 30?°C, while robust heterochromatin is assembled over these regions at 39?°C, a temperature mimicking moderate fever in the host. Thus in C. albicans, differential chromatin states controls gene expression and epigenetic plasticity is linked to adaptation

МОКРОТА КАК ИСТОЧНИК АДИПОКИНОВ ПРИ БРОНХИАЛЬНОЙ АСТМЕ

Forty-four patients with allergic (ABA) and non-allergic (NABA) variants of bronchial asthma (BA) were examined to evaluate levels of key adipokines (leptin, resistin, adiponectin) in sputum in different variants of BA. Adipokines in sputum and blood plasma were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The indices that reflect the percentage of adipokines in sputum regarding adipokines in plasma of the same patients were worked out to evaluate the ratio of levels of corresponding adipokines in plasma and sputum in patients with BA. Two regularities are clearly seen in the study: the first - levels of proinflammatory adipokines (leptin, resistin) in sputum in ABA correlate directly with indicators of respiratory function but levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines (adiponectin) in sputum correlate inversely with indicators of respiratory function; the second -correlation of levels of the studied adipokines with indicators of respiratory function are almost not revealed in NABA. The first regularity reflects the important fact that the content of adipokines in bronchial secretion is to a certain extent one of regulating local mechanisms in target organ controlled system levels of corresponding adipokines in exacerbation of BA.Для оценки уровней ключевых адипокинов (лептина, резистина, адипонектина) в мокроте при различных вариантах бронхиальной астмы (БА) обследованы 44 больных БА с аллергическим (АБА) и неаллергическим (НАБА) вариантами заболевания. Адипокины в мокроте и плазме крови определяли иммуноферментным методом (ELISA). Для оценки соотношения уровней соответствующих адипоки-нов в плазме и мокроте больных БА разработаны индексы, которые отражают процентное содержание адипокинов в мокроте по отношению к таковым в плазме у одних и тех же больных. В результате исследования четко прослеживаются две закономерности: первая - при АБА уровни провоспалительных адипокинов в мокроте (лептина и резистина) коррелируют с показателями ФВД с прямой зависимостью, а уровни противоспалительного адипокина в мокроте (адипонектина) - с обратной зависимостью; вторая - при НАБА корреляционная зависимость уровней исследуемых адипокинов с показателями ФВД практически не выявляется. Первая закономерность отражает тот важный факт, что содержание адипокинов в содержимом бронхов в определенной мере является одним из регуляторных местных механизмов в органе-мишени, участвующих в контроле за системными уровнями соответствующих адипокинов при обострении БА

A NEW METHOD TO ASSESS FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF SERUM COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

Complement system is an important component of innate immunity, providing primary protection against pathogens invading the body. In addition, it was shown that the complement system is associated with many diseases, not only autoimmune and infectious, but also mental disorders. In this regard, it is necessary to develop affordable and fast method of measuring activity of the complement system in real-time mode. We present a new semi-automated method for assessment of serum complement activity. The assay is based on cytolytic action of complement system upon the ciliate organism Tetrahymena pyriformis. This method consists in repeated counting of live Tetrahymena motile cells by means of specially developed Biolat device, which consists of two video cameras, light sources, and movable round plate. The plate has two rows of holes. The device also includes microprocessor control unit based on AutoCiliata software, intended for control of operation module and counting the surviving cell. The calculations are based on fixation of two sequential video-frames, with subsequent software image processing. Cell death events were observed upon incubation in triethanolamine (TEA) buffer containing 5% of blood serum. We have also compared complement activity in different buffers, i.e., standard medium for culturing of ciliates, Veronal-Medinalum buffer, and the TEA buffer. TEA buffer was found superior to the Veronal buffer when applied in the test system. The time of cell death in the TEA-buffered medium containing 5% serum was < 15 minutes for all the sera studied. The parameters denoting serum complement activity were as follows: a half-life time for the moving cells (TLD50), and a similar value for 100% cell inactivation (1/TLD50, functional activity of the complement system, ACS). The sensitivity of this assay was calculated from dependencies between TLD50 and ACS, and actual serum concentrations. We have suggested an opportunity for evaluation of an integral complement activity, and interrelations between the intensity of synthesis and consumption of its major effector proteins. In the course of this study, we have tested different concentrations of Ca++ and Mg++ ions in the incubation buffer, with optimal physiological concentrations of2.5 mMand1.5 mM, respectively. We have also estimated statistical precision characteristics for pre-analytical and analytical steps of the method. The average coefficients of variation (CV) were 3.9% and 2.7%, respectively, thus satisfying the reliability criteria in research. A short performance time of the study suggests its potential application in clinical practice, including online examination regimens. A method for semi-automatic measurement of serum complement activity could be applicable in daily clinical practice, including the online performance

Permitted Oxygen Abundances and the Temperature Scale of Metal-Poor Turn-Off Stars

We use high quality VLT/UVES published data of the permitted OI triplet and FeII lines to determine oxygen and iron abundances in unevolved (dwarfs, turn-off, subgiants) metal-poor halo stars. The calculations have been performed both in LTE and NLTE, employing effective temperatures obtained with the new infrared flux method (IRFM) temperature scale by Ramirez & Melendez, and surface gravities from Hipparcos parallaxes and theoretical isochrones. A new list of accurate transition probabilities for FeII lines, tied to the absolute scale defined by laboratory measurements, has been used. We find a plateau in the oxygen-to-iron ratio over more than two orders of magnitude in iron abundance (-3.2 < [Fe/H] < -0.7), with a mean [O/Fe] = 0.5 dex (sigma = 0.1 dex), independent of metallicity, temperature and surface gravity. According to the new IRFM Teff scale, the temperatures of turn-off halo stars strongly depend on metallicity, a result that is in excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement with stellar evolution calculations, which predict that the Teff of the turn-off at [Fe/H] = -3 is about 600-700 K higher than that at [Fe/H] = -1.Comment: In press, Ap

АДЪЮВАНТНАЯ ЛУЧЕВАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ РАКА ЭНДОМЕТРИЯ НИЗКОГО И УМЕРЕННОГО РИСКА: АРГУМЕНТЫ ЗА

Most patients with endometrial cancer (EC) have stage I disease, the treatment of choice is a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with or without pelvic lymphadenectomy. Concerning adjuvant radiotherapy for early endometrial cancer is unclear and determined by the risk of recurrence. In accordance with the depth of invasion of the myometrium, histological type and degree of differentiation stage I endometrial cancer is classified into low, intermediate and high risk of lymph node and distant metastasizing. Randomized studies have shown significant improvement in local control after radiation of pelvis and/or intracavitary radiation of the vagina without improving overall survival among patients of high and intermediate risk. At the same time the most controversy associated with the using of adjuvant radiation therapy in intermediate risk EC due to the heterogeneity of the group, which required selection of a subgroup of high intermediate risk, taking into account additional factors: lymphovascular invasion and age. In a subgroup of high-intermediate risk loco-regional effect of adjuvant radiotherapy was more significant. Taking into account the heterogeneity of patients with early EC, the complexity of the assessment of prognosis in case of not provided regional lymphadenectomy and the risk of late radiation complications attempts to optimize the indications, the volume and method of adjuvant radiation therapy in accordance with the risk factors.Большинство больных раком эндометрия  (РЭ) имеют I стадию заболевания,  основным методом лечения которой является тотальная гистерэктомия с двухсторонней сальпингоовариоэктомией с или без тазовой лимфаденэктомии. Отношение к адъювантной лучевой терапии при раннем раке эндометрия неоднозначно и определяется  риском рецидива. В соответствие с глубиной инвазии миометрия, гистологическим типом и степенью дифференцировки РЭ I ст классифицируется  на низкий, промежуточный и высокий риск поражения лимфатических узлов и отдаленного метастазирования.  В рандомизированных исследованиях доказано достоверное улучшение локального контроля после облучения малого таза и/ или внутриполостного облучения влагалища без улучшения общей выживаемости среди пациенток высокого и промежуточного риска. При этом больше всего разногласий связано с назначением адъювантной лучевой терапии при РЭ промежуточного риска в связи с неоднородностью данной группы, что потребовало выделение подгруппы высокого промежуточного риска с учетом дополнительных факторов: лимфоваскулярная  инвазия  и возраст.  В подгруппе высокого промежуточного риска локо-регионарный эффект  адъювантной лучевой терапии оказался  более  значимым. С учетом неоднородности пациенток ранним РЭ, сложностью оценки прогноза в случае невыполнения регионарной лимфаденэктомии и риска поздних лучевых осложнений предпринимаются  попытки оптимизировать показания, объем и способ адъювантной лучевой терапии в соответствие с факторами риска

Cooperative Interaction of Transcription Termination Factors with the RNA Polymerase II C-terminal Domain

Phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II controls the co-transcriptional assembly of RNA processing and transcription factors. Recruitment relies on conserved CTDinteracting domains that recognize different CTD phosphoisoforms during the transcription cycle, but the molecular basis for their specificity remains unclear. We show that the CTD-interacting domains of two transcription termination factors, Rtt103 and Pcf11, achieve high affinity and specificity both by specifically recognizing the phosphorylated CTD and by cooperatively binding to neighboring CTD repeats. Single amino acid mutations at the protein-protein interface abolish cooperativity and affect recruitment at the 3′-end processing site in vivo. We suggest that this cooperativity provides a signal-response mechanism to ensure that its action is confined only to proper polyadenylation sites where Serine 2 phosphorylation density is highest

Transcriptome-Wide Binding Sites for Components of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Non-Poly(A) Termination Pathway: Nrd1, Nab3, and Sen1

RNA polymerase II synthesizes a diverse set of transcripts including both protein-coding and non-coding RNAs. One major difference between these two classes of transcripts is the mechanism of termination. Messenger RNA transcripts terminate downstream of the coding region in a process that is coupled to cleavage and polyadenylation reactions. Non-coding transcripts like Saccharomyces cerevisiae snoRNAs terminate in a process that requires the RNA–binding proteins Nrd1, Nab3, and Sen1. We report here the transcriptome-wide distribution of these termination factors. These data sets derived from in vivo protein–RNA cross-linking provide high-resolution definition of non-poly(A) terminators, identify novel genes regulated by attenuation of nascent transcripts close to the promoter, and demonstrate the widespread occurrence of Nrd1-bound 3′ antisense transcripts on genes that are poorly expressed. In addition, we show that Sen1 does not cross-link efficiently to many expected non-coding RNAs but does cross-link to the 3′ end of most pre–mRNA transcripts, suggesting an extensive role in mRNA 3′ end formation and/or termination