Letter From the Editor

Welcome to the fourth and final issue of The Richmond Journal of Law & Technology\u27s seventh volume! As we close the year, I am proud to report that, in 2000-01, The Journal has experienced unprecedented growth and increased recognition. Our articles are now read by over 33,000 people in 70 countries around the world. Over the past year, our articles have also been cited in a number of cases and used in university classrooms. Further, our CLE symposium, held on March 2, 2001, was a tremendous success, drawing 90 practitioners from across the state

Letter From the Editor

Welcome to the second issue of The Richmond Journal of Law and Technology\u27s seventh publication term. As we near the halfway point of this term, the Journal is stronger than ever. Our continued growth and success is due in large part to the dedication of our staff and Editorial Board. This year we will publish four issues and will hold a symposium on the soon-to-be-enacted Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act ( UCITA ). The symposium will be held on March 2, 2001. Registration for and information on the symposium will be available on our website soon

Letter From the Editor

Welcome to the third issue of The Richmond Journal of Law and Technology\u27s seventh publication term! The 2000-2001 academic year has proved to be one of the most productive and exciting in the Journal\u27s decorated history. Our Editorial Board and staff have done a phenomenal job on the Journal\u27s seventh volume and we are very proud of the issue we have worked to prepare for you today

Letter from the Editor

On behalf of the new Editorial Board, I would like to welcome you to the first issue of The Richmond Journal of Law and Technology\u27s 2000-2001 publication term! The Journal is entering its sixth year of publication and is coming off its most successful year ever. The 1999-2000 publication year was our most prolific, as we published five issues and continued to lead the field of technology law reviews. We are excited about the amazing growth The Journal has experienced in recent years. Our articles are now read by over 30,000 people in more than 65 countries

ACLU v. Reno: Congress Places Speed Bumps on the Information Superhighway

In 1996, Congress passed the Communications Decency Act ( CDA ) in an effort to regulate indecent speech on the Internet. Through the CDA, Congress sought to protect children from easily accessible, harmful materials on the Internet. In spirit, the law had noble intentions; however, on its face, the CDA raised serious constitutional questions and was immediately challenged by First Amendment advocates in ACLU v. Reno ( Reno I ). Using broad and vague terms such as indecent and patently offensive, the CDA threatened to restrict adult access to a tremendous amount of speech that was constitutionally protected. Additionally, through the imposition of criminal sanctions, the CDA could have had a chilling effect on speech. The CDA was reviewed and rejected by a federal district court and ultimately, the U.S. Supreme Court. In their analyses, both courts pointed to the vague language and criminal penalties found in the CDA as primary reasons for invalidating the statute. Further, the courts were keenly aware of the Internet\u27s free and open nature, its diversity of content, and its status as a powerful new medium for mass communications. The Supreme Court, in affirming the district court, did not want to endanger the free flow of information on the Internet

Letter from the Editor

Welcome to the fifth issue of The Richmond Journal of Law & Technology! This issue represents a watershed experience for JOLT, as this is the first time we have published more than three issues in a single year! The timing of this issue\u27s publication is also significant because on April 5, 2000, we will celebrate the fifth birthday of our journal. As the oldest exclusively online law review in the U.S., we continue to enjoy our leadership role in the publication of academic pieces dedicated to the marriage of law and technology

Corrigendum: Evidence for the cytoplasmic localization of the L-α-Glycerophosphate oxidase in members of the "Mycoplasma mycoides cluster".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01344.]

Nucleosome-mediated cooperativity between transcription factors

Cooperative binding of transcription factors (TFs) to cis-regulatory regions (CRRs) is essential for precision of gene expression in development and other processes. The classical model of cooperativity requires direct interactions between TFs, thus constraining the arrangement of TFs sites in a CRR. On the contrary, genomic and functional studies demonstrate a great deal of flexibility in such arrangements with variable distances, numbers of sites, and identities of the involved TFs. Such flexibility is inconsistent with the cooperativity by direct interactions between TFs. Here we demonstrate that strong cooperativity among non-interacting TFs can be achieved by their competition with nucleosomes. We find that the mechanism of nucleosome-mediated cooperativity is mathematically identical to the Monod-Wyman-Changeux (MWC) model of cooperativity in hemoglobin. This surprising parallel provides deep insights, with parallels between heterotropic regulation of hemoglobin (e.g. Bohr effect) and roles of nucleosome-positioning sequences and chromatin modifications in gene regulation. Characterized mechanism is consistent with numerous experimental results, allows substantial flexibility in and modularity of CRRs, and provides a rationale for a broad range of genomic and evolutionary observations. Striking parallels between cooperativity in hemoglobin and in transcription regulation point at a new design principle that may be used in range of biological systems