Stem cells conditioned medium: a new approach to skin wound healing management

Stem cell biology has gained remarkable interest in recent years, driven by the hope of finding cures for numerous diseases including skin wound healing through transplantation medicine. Initially upon transplantation, these cells home to and differentiate within the injured tissue into specialised cells. Contrariwise, it now appears that only a small percentage of transplanted cells integrate and survive in host tissues. Thus, the foremost mechanism by which stem cells participate in tissue repair seems to be related to their trophic factors. Indeed, stem cells provide the microenvironment with a wide range of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, which can broadly defined as the stem cells secretome. In in vitro condition, these molecules can be traced from the conditioned medium or spent media harvested from cultured cells. Conditioned medium now serves as a new treatment modality in regenerative medicine and has shown a successful outcome in some diseases. With the emergence of this approach, we described the possibility of using stem cells conditioned medium as a novel and promising alternative to skin wound healing treatment. Numerous pre-clinical data have shown the possibility and efficacy of this treatment. Despite this, significant challenges need to be addressed before translating this technology to the bedside.Article Link: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cbin.10138/pd

Accentuation of general anaesthetic activity of ketamine by glutamate NMDA (N-methyl D-aspartate) receptor antagonist

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potentiation of general anaesthetic activity of ketamine by NMDA receptor antagonist ‘amantadine’ in wistar albino rats.Methods: The wistar albino rats of either sex were divided into three groups of five animals in each group. Group I received ketamine 80mg/kg, group II received ketamine 40mg/kg along with amantadine 40mg/kg and group III received ketamine 80mg/kg along with amantadine 40mg/kg to evaluate the potentiation of general anaesthetic effect of ketamine. The sleep latency time and the total sleeping time were measured in all the three groups.Results: The sleep latency time of group III is significantly decreased (p <0.035) and as equal to that of group II when compared to group I. The sleeping time of group III is significantly increased (p <0.001) when compared to group I.Conclusions: Amantadine - the NMDA receptor antagonist potentiates the general anaesthetic activity of ketamine

Influence of Kinanthopometric Profile of National Level Male Judo Players of Tamil Nadu on Performance

Introduction: Anthropometric Aspects and Body composition are the crucial factors in explaining human physical status. Anthropometric advantage, a non-modifiable factor, significantly contributed to athletes' success in sports. The present study was studied to find out the relationship between the Kinanthopometric profiles and performance level of National-level male Judo players from Tamil Nadu, India. Method: 30 male Judo players were measured for their anthropometric parameters. Height, weight, circumferences, and skinfold thickness at various sites were measured. Body density was calculated, and body fat % was determined using Siri's Equation. A special Judo fitness test involved throwing partners using the ippon-seoi-nage technique in three periods with heart rate checks, and an index was calculated based on total throws and heart rate values. Results: An average height of 158.1 (± 8.5) cm was observed in the present study whereas that of weight was 63.7 (± 7.3) kg. Judo players were categorized into&nbsp;&nbsp; Endomorphic (30%), Mesomorphic (36.7 %) and Ectomorphic (33.4 %) body type. Mesomorphic players showed good performance, Ectomorphic players showed average performance, and Endomorphic players displayed poor performance when performances were analyzed using the Special Judo Fitness Test. This underscored a potential link between body type and Judo performance. Conclusion:&nbsp; The study concluded that body composition has a high impact on physical fitness and sports performance.Introducción: Los aspectos antropométricos y la composición corporal son factores cruciales para explicar el estado físico humano. La ventaja antropométrica, un factor no modificable, contribuyó significativamente al éxito de los atletas en los deportes. Cada persona tiene unas características morfológicas que la definen, lo que podría resultar beneficioso para la práctica de determinado deporte. El presente estudio se estudió para descubrir la relación entre los perfiles cineantométricos y el nivel de rendimiento de jugadores masculinos de judo a nivel nacional de Tamil Nadu, India. Métodos: Se midieron los parámetros antropométricos de 30 jugadores masculinos de Judo. Se midieron la altura, el peso, las circunferencias y el espesor de los pliegues cutáneos en varios sitios. Se calculó la densidad corporal y se determinó el porcentaje de grasa corporal utilizando la ecuación de Siri. Una prueba especial de condición física de Judo involucró a los compañeros de lanzamiento utilizando la técnica ippon-seoi-nage en tres períodos con controles de frecuencia cardíaca, y se calculó un índice basado en los lanzamientos totales y los valores de frecuencia cardíaca. Resultados: En el presente estudio se observó una altura promedio de 158.1 (± 8.5) cm mientras que el peso fue de 63,7 (± 7.3) kg. Los jugadores de judo se clasificaron en tipos de cuerpo endomórficos (30%), mesomórficos (36.7%) y ectomórficos (33.4%). Los jugadores mesomorfos mostraron un buen rendimiento, los jugadores ectomorfos mostraron un rendimiento medio y los jugadores endomórficos mostraron un rendimiento pobre cuando el rendimiento se analizó mediante la prueba especial de aptitud física de judo. Esto subrayó un vínculo potencial entre el tipo de cuerpo y el rendimiento en Judo. Conclusión: El estudio concluyó que la composición corporal tiene un alto impacto en la condición física y el rendimiento deportivo. Los tipos de cuerpo de los jugadores de judo variaban según el tipo de actividades deportivas que practicaban. Junto con las habilidades deportivas, el entrenamiento, el tipo de cuerpo y el nivel de condición física tienen una correlación positiva con el rendimiento deportivo

Potentiation of general anaesthetic activity of ketamine by memantine

Background: The study was done with the objective to evaluate synergistic activity of ketamine induced general anesthesia by memantine in wistar albino rats.Methods: The wistar albino rats of either sex were divided into four groups of five animals. Group 1 received ketamine 40 mg/kg, group 2 received ketamine 80 mg/kg, group 3 received ketamine 40 mg/kg along with memantine 10 mg/kg and group 4 received 80 mg of ketamine along with memantine 10 mg/kg to evaluate the synergistic activity of ketamine induced general anesthesia by memantine. The sleep latency time and duration of sleep were measured in all the groups.Results: The sleep latency time of group 4 is significantly decreased (p<0.001) compared to all other groups. The duration of sleep of group 4 is significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to group 1 and group 3, but less than that of group 1.Conclusions: Memantine possess synergistic activity of ketamine induced general anaesthesia

Self-Management Open Online Trials in Health (SMOOTH): Methods and public involvement survey of corresponding authors of existing online trials

Background: The Self-Management Open Online Trials in Health (SMOOTH) survey reports methods as well as researcher preferences in online trials and explores to what extent public and participant involvement in online trials occurs. This survey queried researchers’ experience in online trials and their perceived value in terms of public and patient research involvement. The preparation, consideration and publication of research involvement require the use of resources by the authors. The survey explores whether authors consider resources to be sufficient or useful to improve online trials about self-management of health. Objective: To identify the present state of public research involvement in online trials concerning health self-management and to explore the needs of researchers when contemplating the building and writing up an online trials protocol. Methods: The ORCID database of online trials was used to survey corresponding authors concerning trial methods and preferences including the frequency, format and quality of citizen involvement in online trials about health selfmanagement. Results: Blended trials were reported as online trials. Remote recruitment and communications were less common than local recruitment even when participants signed up online. Research volunteers helped more with recruitment and as advisors than with trial design, analysis, or outcome setting. Forty-seven percent of corresponding authors report that an online trial was the best way of answering their research question. Conclusions: Detailed reporting of online methods and volunteer researcher involvement was hindered by role confusion between research volunteers and trial participants. Respondents were responsive to the development of protocol and reporting suggestions, but were not in favor of adopting complex new frameworks that require extensive time, training, space and funding

Effect Of 12 Weeks Yoga Training And 12 Weeks Detraining on Heart Rate Variability on Subjects with Hypertension

Background: Healthy lifestyle modifications can prevent hypertension, an early predictor of cardiovascular disease. Yoga is an effective way to manage stress-induced disorders, such as hypertension. Objective: This study investigated the effects of yoga training on hypertensive individuals receiving routine treatment over a 12-week period, comparing and analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) parameters at and after the 12-week yoga training period (the 12th week) with hypertensives receiving routine treatment (the non-yoga group). Materials and methods: A total of 132 hypertensive subjects between the ages of 25 and 45 were randomly assigned to control or experimental groups (N=66), and 66 of these subjects were exposed to yoga therapy (N=66). Before, after, and during the study period, HRV parameters were obtained. Results: RM ANOVA was used to compare time domain and frequency domain parameters of HRV of the control group at pre, post, and detrain, and it was found that no significant difference existed between the groups. Test group mean values show a significant increase in time domain parameters compared with pre-training values after training. Test group post-training and detrain values significantly increased when compared to control group post-training and detrain values. Test group detrain values decreased significantly from post-training to test group detrain values. Conclusion: Yoga therapy increases the HRV values in essential hypertension at rest. An increase in vagal modulation, a reduction in sympathetic activity, and an increase in baroreflex sensitivity may be responsible for the harmonization of autonomic cardiovascular rhythms. The results of detraining from yoga did not result in an increase in HRV. As a result, the present study shows that regular yoga practice reduces hypertension, and deep rest keeps the body healthy.

Effect Of 12 Weeks Yoga Training And 12 Weeks Detraining on Blood Pressure Subjects with Hypertension

Background: Hypertension, an early predictor of cardiovascular disease can be prevented by healthy lifestyle modification. Stress-induced disorders such as hypertension can be effectively managed with the holistic science of yoga. Objective: In hypertensive individuals who are receiving routine treatment, we investigated the effects of yoga training for 12 weeks and compare as well as analyze these parameters at the end of yoga training (12th week) and after 12 weeks of follow-up with hypertensive on regular treatment (non-yoga group). Materials and methods: The study involved randomly assigned 124 hypertensive subjects to either experimental or control groups where N=65, and the yoga groups where n=61 between age of 25 to 45 years were included. In both the yoga group and the control group, heart rates (HR), Systolic Blood Pressures (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressures (DBP), Pulse Pressures (PP), Mean Arterial Pressures (MAPs), and mean arterial pressure products were recorded before, after, and during the study period. Results: The means of RPP, HR, PP, SBP, MAP and DBP of pre-post, and follow-up values of the control group were compared by RM ANOVA and also there was no significant difference were found that exists among the groups. The mean values in the test group of post-training and follow-up show a significant decrease when compared with pre-training values. There are a significant decrease in test group follow-up values and post-training compared with follow-up values of control group and post-training respectively. In test group follow-up values the significant increase is found when compared with the test group post-training. Conclusion: Yoga reduced HR, SBP, DBP, PP, MAP, and RPP in essential hypertension under resting conditions. Reduced Sympathetic Activity, Enhanced Vagal Modulation and the increased sensitivity of baroreflex might be responsible for the harmonization of autonomic cardiovascular rhythms. Detraining from yoga, on the other hand, did not result in an increase in blood pressure. In conclusion, the present study shows that regular practice in yoga is helpful in reducing the hypertension, and that deep rest keeps the body healthy.

Incomplete Hippocampal Inversion in Normal Individuals- A Retrospective Observational Study using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction: Hippocampal inversion is a normal process that happens between 11 and 21 weeks of gestation. In some individuals the process is incomplete and is termed as Incomplete Hippocampal Inversion (IHI). There are differing observations recorded, of its incidence in normal individuals- from as high as 17% to nil making it difficult to come to a conclusion as to whether IHI is a normal anatomical variant or a marker of a wide spread disorder in brain. Aim: To determine the incidence of IHI in the hippocampus of individuals who don’t suffer from any form of epilepsy and for whom Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain has been performed and seen to be normal. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary centre using T1fl 3D, check globally isovoxel 0.86 mm images of the brain and incidence of IHI in normal individuals without seizures for whom MRI brain was normal otherwise was calculated. The MRI images of a total of 197 individuals qualified for the study. Analysis was done by four Radiologists using subjective visual criteria. Results: It was seen that 1.015-1.52% was the incidence of IHI in otherwise normal MRI brain in present study. A 1.52% is the incidence placing a study classified as partial IHI under IHI and 1.015% not placing it under IHI. All were unilateral, on left side. Conclusion: The results of present study point that there was very less incidence of IHI in normal individuals. Such a less incidence will make it difficult to suggest that IHI is a normal anatomical variant. Present study also encountered potential pitfalls with the use of T1 weighted 3 Dimensional (3D) images to determine of presence or absence of IHI

SMOOTH (Self-Management of Open Online Trials in Health) analysis found improvements were needed for reporting methods of internet-based trials

Background The growth of trials conducted over the internet has increased, but with little practical guidance for their conduct and it is sometimes challenging for researchers to adapt the conventions used in face-to-face trials and maintain the validity of the work. Aim To systematically explore existing self-recruited online randomized trials of self-management interventions and analyze the trials to assess their strengths and weaknesses, the quality of reporting and the involvement of lay persons as collaborators in the research process. Methods The Online Randomized Controlled Trials of Health Information Database (ORCHID) was used as the sampling frame to identify a subset of self-recruited online trials of self-management interventions. The authors cataloged what these online trials were assessing, appraised study quality, extracted information on how trials were run and assessed the potential for bias. We searched out how public and patient participation was integrated into online trial design and how this was reported. We recorded patterns of use for registration, reporting, settings, informed consent, public involvement, supplementary materials, and dissemination planning. Results The sample included 41 online trials published from 2002-2015. The barriers to replicability and risk of bias in online trials included inadequate reporting of blinding in 28/41 (68%) studies; high attrition rates with incomplete or unreported data in 30/41 (73%) of trials; and 26/41 (63%) of studies were at high risk for selection bias as trial registrations were unreported. The methods for (23/41, 56%) trials contained insufficient information to replicate the trial, 19/41 did not report piloting the intervention. Only 2/41 studies were cross-platform compatible. Public involvement was most common for advisory roles (n=9, 22%), and in the design, usability testing and piloting of user materials (n=9, 22%) Conclusions This study catalogs the state of online trials of self-management in the early 21st century and provides insights for online trials development as early as the protocol planning stage. Reporting of trials was generally poor and, in addition to recommending that authors report their trials in accordance with CONSORT guidelines, we make recommendations for researchers writing protocols, reporting on and evaluating online trials. The research highlights considerable room for improvement in trial registration, reporting of methods, data management plans, and public and patient involvement in self-recruited online trials of self-management interventions