English Derivational morphology: Challenges and Teaching Considerations for non-native speakers

This paper has a twofold purpose: to raise awareness on the complexity of the acquisition of English derivational morphology, and to suggest ways to approach its teaching in the language classroom. Understanding morphology is important because of its impact on other areas of language; however, some authors posit that its explicit instruction is limited in schools. Based on a thorough but comprehensible description of English morphology, we present eight aspects that may be challenging for English Language Learners followed by pedagogical strategies to address them. This way, we hope to offer linguistic insights that can aid the teaching of English as a foreign language and close the gap between linguistic research and the classroom setting

Gestão de resíduos: estudo de geração de biofertilizante por meio do lodo de sistemas de armadilha de gordura

The grease and oil trap systems (GOTS) of four university food service establishments (FSE) were assessed and treated to evaluate the potential use of the sludge collected to produce compost. The sludge collected from each FSE was kept in a drying bed for 30 days (SDB), during which time calcium oxide was frequently added for stabilization. The sludge deposited monthly was reduced to half after the drying process and was then deposited in a composter and mixed for a period of 22 days with constant agitation. The compost obtained was treated with degrading enzymes and was denominated enzymatic composting (EC), while the remaining compost was not treated with enzyme and was denominated non-enzymatic compost (NEC). The total composting cycle of the sludge lasted 83 days, during which time various physical and chemical analyzes were conducted in the three types of substrates (SDB, NEC, and EC).  The total time of the research was 2.5 years.  The percentages of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium suggest the use of the three substrates as organic fertilizer. A recommendation resulting from this research is to evaluate the sludge quality by mixing it with other substrates such as fruit peels with high nitrogen content and the sludge from wastewater treatment systems.Se realizó un diagnóstico y tratamiento de los sistemas de trampa de grasa y aceite (GOTS) de cuatro establecimientos universitarios de servicios de alimentos (FSE) para evaluar el uso potencial de los lodos recolectados para producir compost. El lodo total recogido de cada FSE se colocó durante 30 días en un lecho de secado (SDB); durante este período de tiempo se añadió frecuentemente óxido de calcio para estabilizar el lodo. El lodo depositado mensualmente se redujo a la mitad luego del proceso de secado, para posteriormente ser depositado en un compostador y ser mezclado; este periodo fue de 22 días con agitación constante. El compostaje obtenido se trató con enzimas degradantes, este compostaje se denominó compostaje enzimático (EC). El resto del compostaje no tratado con enzimas se llamó compostaje no enzimático (NEC). El período total de tiempo para el ciclo de compostaje de lodo fue de 83 días, donde se realizaron varios análisis físicos y químicos para 3 tipos de sustratos (SDB, NEC y EC). La investigación duró un periodo total de 2.5 años.  El porcentaje de fósforo, potasio, magnesio y calcio sugiere el uso de los tres sustratos como fertilizante orgánico. Una recomendación de esta investigación es evaluar la calidad del lodo mezclándolo con otros sustratos; por ejemplo, cáscaras de frutas con alto contenido de nitrógeno y con el lodo de los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales.  Foi realizado um diagnóstico e tratamento dos sistemas de armadilha de gordura, óleo e graxa (FOG) de estabelecimentos de serviços de alimentação (ESA) de quatro universidades com o objetivo de avaliar o uso potencial do lodo coletado para produzir compostos. O lodo total recolhido de cada FSE foi colocado durante 30 dias em um leito de secagem, e neste período de tempo foi adicionado frequentemente óxido de cálcio para estabilizá-lo. Depois do processo de secagem, o lodo depositado mensalmente reduziu pela metade para, logo, ser depositado em um compostador e misturado a cada mês com agitação constante por um período de 22 dias. O composto obtido foi tratado com enzimas degradantes, sendo denominado composto enzimático (CE). O composto restante não tratado com enzimas foi denominado composto não enzimático (CNE). O período total de tempo para o ciclo de compostagem de lodo foi de 83 dias, em que se realizaram várias análises físicas e químicas para 3 tipos de substratos (LLS, CNE e CE). A porcentagem de fósforo, potássio, magnésio e cálcio propõe o uso dos três substratos como fertilizante orgânico. Uma recomendação desta pesquisa é avaliar a qualidade do lodo misturando-o com outros substratos; por exemplo, cascas de frutas com alto teor de nitrogênio e com o lodo dos sistemas de tratamento de águas residuais. &nbsp

Instrumentación electrónica, aplicada en el proceso de producción de panela, enfocada a microempresarios

La instrumentación del proceso de elaboración de la panela tiene como objetivo incorporar elementos tecnológicos a la elaboración de este producto, propiciando disminución en los costos de elaboración y aumento en las ganancias. Para mejorar el proceso de manufactura, se implementó un microcontrolador cuya función es permitir el paso de los jugos por medio de electroválvulas, entre las pailas de cocción, evitando así la manipulación por parte de los operarios, lo cual genera demoras por ser un paso que se realiza generalmente por medio de cucharones en forma manual

Potential of New Bacterial Strains for a Multiproduct Bioprocess Application: A Case Study Using Isolates of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Pineapple Silage of Costa Rican Agro-Industrial Residues

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with potential for the development of multi-product processes are necessary for the valorization of side streams obtained during the biotechnological production of lactic acid (LA). In this study, 14 LAB strains isolated from pineapple agro-industrial residues in Costa Rica were cultivated in microplates, and the six strains with the highest growth were selected for fermentation in microbioreactors to evaluate the production of LA and acetic acid, and the consumption of glucose. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 6710 and L. paracasei 6714 presented the highest OD600 values (1.600 and 1.602, respectively); however, the highest LA (in g/L) production was observed in L. paracasei 6714 (14.50 ± 0.20) and 6712 (14.67 ± 0.42). L. paracasei 6714 was selected for bioreactor fermentation and reached a maximum OD600 of 6.3062 ± 0.141, with a LA yield of 84.9% and a productivity of 1.06 g L−1 h −1 after 21 h of fermentation. Finally, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) detection from biomass was performed and the antimicrobial activity of the compounds present in the supernatant was studied. LTA was detected from L. paracasei 6714 biomass, and its supernatant caused significant inhibition of foodborne surrogate microorganisms. LAB isolated from pineapple silage have biotechnological potential for multiproduct processes.Universidad de Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Facultad de Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Escuela de Tecnología de AlimentosUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Microbiologí

Potential of New Bacterial Strains for a Multiproduct Bioprocess Application: A Case Study Using Isolates of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Pineapple Silage of Costa Rican Agro-Industrial Residues

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with potential for the development of multi-product processes are necessary for the valorization of side streams obtained during the biotechnological production of lactic acid (LA). In this study, 14 LAB strains isolated from pineapple agro-industrial residues in Costa Rica were cultivated in microplates, and the six strains with the highest growth were selected for fermentation in microbioreactors to evaluate the production of LA and acetic acid, and the consumption of glucose. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 6710 and L. paracasei 6714 presented the highest OD600 values (1.600 and 1.602, respectively); however, the highest LA (in g/L) production was observed in L. paracasei 6714 (14.50 ± 0.20) and 6712 (14.67 ± 0.42). L. paracasei 6714 was selected for bioreactor fermentation and reached a maximum OD600 of 6.3062 ± 0.141, with a LA yield of 84.9% and a productivity of 1.06 g L−1 h−1 after 21 h of fermentation. Finally, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) detection from biomass was performed and the antimicrobial activity of the compounds present in the supernatant was studied. LTA was detected from L. paracasei 6714 biomass, and its supernatant caused significant inhibition of foodborne surrogate microorganisms. LAB isolated from pineapple silage have biotechnological potential for multiproduct processes

Algunos aportes de la ciencia y la fe ante la COVID-19

Este documento es el resumen del diálogo celebrado en la Universidad de Costa Rica como parte del proyecto de investigación sobre la interacción entre ciencia y religión en la universidad. Se presentan los aportes de un filósofo, un pastor cristiano y un biólogo genetista.Red para el Diálogo entre Ciencia y Religión, Universidad de Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Educación::Escuela de Educación Físic

Peptaibol Production and Characterization from Trichoderma asperellum and Their Action as Biofungicide

Peptaibols (Paib), are a class of biologically active peptides isolated from soil, fungi and molds, which have interesting properties as antimicrobial agents. Paib production was optimized in flasks by adding sucrose as a carbon source, 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) as an additive amino acid, and F. oxysporum cell debris as an elicitor. Paib were purified, sequenced and identified by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)coupled to mass spectrometry. Afterward, a Paib extract was obtained from the optimized fermentations. The biological activity of these extracts was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo methods. The extract inhibited the growth of specific plant pathogens, and it showed inhibition rates similar to those from commercially available fungicides. Growth inhibition rates were 92.2, 74.2, 58.4 and 36.2% against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum, respectively. Furthermore, the antifungal activity was tested in tomatoes inoculated with A. alternata, the incidence of the disease in tomatoes treated with the extract was 0%, while the untreated fruit showed a 92.5% incidence of infection Scanning electron microscopy images showed structural differences between the fungi treated with or without Paib. The most visual alterations were sunk and shriveled morphology in spores, while the hyphae appeared to be fractured, rough and dehydrated

Análisis comparativo de la Normativa Prudencial entre Costa Rica y Colombia – Reglamentos y normas de las principales autoridades financieras en cada país – Superintendencia General de Entidades Financieras y la Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia.

Proyecto de graduación (Bachillerato en Administración de Empresas). Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, 2021.La presente investigación muestra un análisis comparativo de la Normativa Prudencial entre Costa Rica y Colombia, además, de los reglamentos y normas de las principales autoridades financieras en cada país. Dicha comparación se realiza porque Colombia tiene un mercado financiero más amplio, con desarrollo en temas normativos, y catalogado el segundo país Latinoamericano en atraer inversión extranjera directa, además, es una potencia regional, que tiene un mayor volumen poblacional y cuenta con experiencia por las crisis recurrentes en su sistema financiero. Adicionalmente, no se cuenta con ninguna investigación previa al tema en estudio con relación a los dos países en los cuales se basa el argumento: Costa Rica y Colombia, siendo esta la primera que logra abordar evidencias respecto al contenido en indagación. La investigación se realizó mediante un análisis de datos cualitativos, los cuales se basaron en el estudio de las normativas prudenciales de ambos países, acuerdos internacionales de regulación bancaria, así como, la determinación de las variables de estudio, que se establecieron como dimensiones, comparándolas con su similar en ambas naciones, con el fin de encontrar las diferencias y similitudes. Para obtener la información, se diseñó una matriz con dichas dimensiones, las cuales se analizaron y se conceptualizaron, siendo esta, base fundamental para el cumplimiento del objetivo de la investigación. Finalmente, se brindan las conclusiones y recomendaciones del trabajo, las cuales muestran aspectos en los cuales Costa Rica puede considerar como oportunidades de mejora.This research shows a comparative analysis of the Prudential Regulations between Costa Rica and Colombia, as well as the regulations and norms of the main financial authorities in each country. This comparison is done because Colombia has a wider financial market, with development in normative issues, and it is listed as the second Latin America country to attract foreign direct investment, moreover, this is a regional power, it has a bigger population volume, and it is experienced by financial market recurrent crisis. Further, there is no previous research on the topic under study in relation to the two countries on which the argument is based: Costa Rica and Colombia, being the present study, the first one that manages to address evidence regarding the content in inquiry. The work was conducted through an analysis of qualitative data, which were based on the study of the prudential regulations of both countries, international banking regulation agreements, as well as the determination of the study variables, which were established as dimensions, comparing them with their similar in both nations, in order to find the differences and similarities. With the purpose of obtaining information, a matrix was designed with these dimensions, which were analyzed and conceptualized, being this the fundamental basis for the fulfillment of the research objective. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations of the work are provided, which show aspects that Costa Rica can consider as opportunities for improvement.Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Escuela de Administración de Empresas

Opera prima

Presentación de la revista Ópera Prima que nace de la necesidad de difusión que tiene la universidad como organismo divulgativo y, en este caso, la Escuela de Arquitectura de Toledo con el fin de dar a conocer los primeros proyectos realizados por Arquitecto