Actividad contra Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania chagasi y células de mamífero de nuevas N-bencil (2-furilmetil) cinamamidas

RESUMENINTRODUCCIÓN: La quimioterapia contra la leishmaniasis y la enfermedad de Chagas es inefectiva, condición que agrava el problema de salud pública que estas enfermedades tropicales representan.OBJETIVO: Determinar la actividad de nuevas N-bencil (2-furilmetil) cinamamidas en las formas libres e intracelulares de Leismania chagasi y Trypanosoma cruzi y en células Vero y THP-1.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Los parásitos y las células fueron tratados con diferentes concentraciones de los compuestos y su actividad fue determinada microscópicamente y por la prueba colorimétrica de MTT en el caso de los parásitos y células de mamífero, respectivamente. Los resultados de actividad fueron expresados como la concentración que inhibe o destruye 50% o 90% de los parásitos o células.RESULTADOS: Las N-arilalquilamidas 1, 2 y 5 fueron activos en epimastigotes de T. cruzi con actividades entre CI50 3,71-38,81 µM y CI90 entre 50,87-59,87 µM. El compuesto 2 presentó actividad en amastigotes intracelulares de L. chagasi con CI50 77,76 µM. Las amidas preparadas no presentaron toxicidad en células THP-1 y solo el compuesto 4 fue parcialmente tóxico en células Vero (CC50 65,90 ± 5,71 µM).CONCLUSIONES: La baja toxicidad presentada por los compuestos 1, 2 y 5 y la actividad antiparasitaria mostrada soportan el diseño de nuevas moléculas relacionadas para ser evaluadas en sistemas in vitro e in vivo contra estas enfermedades parasitarias.Palabras clave: Leishmaniasis, enfermedad de Chagas, amastigotes intracelulares, citotoxicidad, cinamamidas N-sustituidasABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: The chemotherapy against leishmaniasis and Chagas disease is ineffective, a condition that is aggravating the public health problem caused by these tropical diseases.OBJECTIVE: To determine the activity of new 7V-benzyl(2-furylmethyl) cinnamamides in the free and intracellular forms of Leishmania chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi and Vero and THP-1 cells.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The parasites and cells were treated with different concentrations of the compounds and the activity was determined microscopically and MTT colorimetric test in the case of parasites and mammalian cells. Antiparasitic activity of tested compounds was expressed as the concentration that inhibits or destroys 50% or 90% of parasites and cells.RESULTS: The 7V-arylalkylamides 1, 2 and 5 were active against T. cruzi epimastigotes with a range of activities between IC50 3.71-38.81 μM and IC90 between 50.87-59.87 μM. The compound 2 was active on intracellular amastigotes of L. chagasi with IC50 77.76 μM. The tested amides were not toxic to THP-1 cells; just only compound 4 resulted partially toxic on Vero cells (CC50 65.9 ± 5.71 μM).CONCLUSIONS: The low toxicity and the antiparasitic activity showed by the cinnamanide compounds 1, 2 and 5 support the design of new related molecules in order to be evaluated on in vitro and in vivo systems for these parasitic diseases.Keywords: Leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, intracellular amastigote, cytotoxicity, N-substituted cinnamamide

Actividad contra Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania chagasi y células de mamífero de nuevas N-bencil (2-furilmetil) cinamamidas

RESUMENINTRODUCCIÓN: La quimioterapia contra la leishmaniasis y la enfermedad de Chagas es inefectiva, condición que agrava el problema de salud pública que estas enfermedades tropicales representan.OBJETIVO: Determinar la actividad de nuevas N-bencil (2-furilmetil) cinamamidas en las formas libres e intracelulares de Leismania chagasi y Trypanosoma cruzi y en células Vero y THP-1.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Los parásitos y las células fueron tratados con diferentes concentraciones de los compuestos y su actividad fue determinada microscópicamente y por la prueba colorimétrica de MTT en el caso de los parásitos y células de mamífero, respectivamente. Los resultados de actividad fueron expresados como la concentración que inhibe o destruye 50% o 90% de los parásitos o células.RESULTADOS: Las N-arilalquilamidas 1, 2 y 5 fueron activos en epimastigotes de T. cruzi con actividades entre CI50 3,71-38,81 µM y CI90 entre 50,87-59,87 µM. El compuesto 2 presentó actividad en amastigotes intracelulares de L. chagasi con CI50 77,76 µM. Las amidas preparadas no presentaron toxicidad en células THP-1 y solo el compuesto 4 fue parcialmente tóxico en células Vero (CC50 65,90 ± 5,71 µM).CONCLUSIONES: La baja toxicidad presentada por los compuestos 1, 2 y 5 y la actividad antiparasitaria mostrada soportan el diseño de nuevas moléculas relacionadas para ser evaluadas en sistemas in vitro e in vivo contra estas enfermedades parasitarias.Palabras clave: Leishmaniasis, enfermedad de Chagas, amastigotes intracelulares, citotoxicidad, cinamamidas N-sustituidasABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: The chemotherapy against leishmaniasis and Chagas disease is ineffective, a condition that is aggravating the public health problem caused by these tropical diseases.OBJECTIVE: To determine the activity of new 7V-benzyl(2-furylmethyl) cinnamamides in the free and intracellular forms of Leishmania chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi and Vero and THP-1 cells.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The parasites and cells were treated with different concentrations of the compounds and the activity was determined microscopically and MTT colorimetric test in the case of parasites and mammalian cells. Antiparasitic activity of tested compounds was expressed as the concentration that inhibits or destroys 50% or 90% of parasites and cells.RESULTS: The 7V-arylalkylamides 1, 2 and 5 were active against T. cruzi epimastigotes with a range of activities between IC50 3.71-38.81 μM and IC90 between 50.87-59.87 μM. The compound 2 was active on intracellular amastigotes of L. chagasi with IC50 77.76 μM. The tested amides were not toxic to THP-1 cells; just only compound 4 resulted partially toxic on Vero cells (CC50 65.9 ± 5.71 μM).CONCLUSIONS: The low toxicity and the antiparasitic activity showed by the cinnamanide compounds 1, 2 and 5 support the design of new related molecules in order to be evaluated on in vitro and in vivo systems for these parasitic diseases.Keywords: Leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, intracellular amastigote, cytotoxicity, N-substituted cinnamamide

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Formación bioética en enfermería desde la perspectiva de los docentes

Bioethics is implicitly and explicitly present in the nursing endeavor, from which it is empha- sized that actions are carried out in accordance with moral principles and values that are considered fundamental when making decisions. The objective of this work was analyzing the training in bioethics that nursing students receive from the opinion of theory teachers and clinical practice teachers of two institutions of higher education. The research approach was qualitative and interpretative; five teachers, with approximately twenty years of experience in teaching and nursing participated, they received a semi-structured interview, from which four categories were selected as they were considered the most relevant. The results found that participants agree with the strategies being implemented to train in bioethics, although they assume that they are not sufficient for proper training. In conclusion, it is recognized that an important work is being held in the institutions participating in this study to train in bioethics. However, the need to review the conditions of teachers such as the recruitment system, their training in bioethics, the number of subjects/modules assigned and the extension of the contents is evident, so that there is time to delve into cross-cutting topics such as bioethics.A bioética está presente de maneira implícita e explícita no trabalho de enfermagem, a partir do qual se enfatiza que as ações se realizem de acordo com os princípios e com os valores morais que se consideram fundamentais na hora de tomar decisões. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a formação em bioética que recebem os estudantes de enfermagem a partir da opinião dos docentes de teoria e prática clínica de duas instituições de ensino superior. O enfoque de pesquisa foi qualitativo e interpretativo; participaram cinco docentes, com aproximadamente vinte anos de ex- periência na docência e na enfermagem, a quem se aplicou uma entrevista semiestruturada, a partir da qual se selecionaram quatro categorias que se consideraram mais apropriadas. Nos resultados constatou-se que os participantes estão de acordo com as estratégias que se estão implementando para formar em bioética, ainda que assumam que não são suficientes para uma formação adequada. Em conclusão, reconhece-se que as instituições participantes no presente estudo estão realizando um trabalho importante para formar em bioética. No entanto, evidencia-se a necessidade de revisar as condições dos docentes como o sistema de contratação, sua capacitação em bioética, o número de matérias/módulos atribuídos e a extensão dos conteúdos, com o fim de que haja tempo para aprofundar em temas transversais como a bioética.La bioética está presente de manera implícita y explícita en el quehacer de enfermería, desde donde se enfatiza en que las acciones se realicen de acuerdo con los principios y valores morales que se consideran fundamentales a la hora de tomar decisiones. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la formación en bioética que reciben los estudiantes de enfermería desde la opinión de los docentes de teoría y práctica clínica de dos instituciones de educación superior. El enfoque de investigación fue cualitativo e interpretativo; participaron cinco docentes, con aproximadamente veinte años de experiencia en la docencia y la enfermería, a quienes se les aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada, de donde se seleccionaron cuatro categorías que se consideraron más pertinentes. En los resultados se encontró que los participantes están de acuerdo con las estrategias que se están implementando para formar en bioética, aunque asumen que no son suficientes para una formación adecuada. En conclusión, se reconoce que en las instituciones participantes en el presente estudio se está haciendo una labor importante para formar en bioética. Sin embargo, se evidencia la necesidad de revisar las condiciones de los docentes como el sistema de contratación, su capacitación en bioética, el número de asignaturas/módulos asignados y la extensión de los contenidos, con el fin de que haya tiempo para profundizar en temas transversales como la bioética

Reconocimiento de la Cocina tradicional campesina a partir del diálogo de saberes y la cartografía social en tiempo real con la comunidad de la Vereda de Caños (Paipa- Boyacá́)

Spa: En esta emisión la profesora e investigadora Ligia Hernández hace una invitación a la comunidad de la vereda Caños del municipio de Paipa (Boyacá) a participar en la charla-taller sobre cocinas ancestrales y diálogo de saberes donde se habla de las vivencias y experiencias sobre la cocina tradicional paipana que contribuyen a conservar su identidad. El desarrollo de esta actividad hace parte del proyecto de investigación del Grupo de Investigaciones Regionales - IRES

Actividad contra Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania chagasi y células de mamífero de nuevas N-bencil (2-furilmetil) cinamamidas Activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania chagasi and mammalian cells of new N-benzyl (2-furylmethyl) cinnamamides

Introducción: La quimioterapia contra la leishmaniasis y la enfermedad de Chagas es inefectiva, condición que agrava el problema de salud pública que estas enfermedades tropicales representan. Objetivo: Determinar la actividad de nuevas N-bencil (2-furilmetil) cinamamidas en las formas libres e intracelulares de Leismania chagasi y Trypanosoma cruzi y en células Vero y THP-1. Materiales y métodos: Los parásitos y las células fueron tratados con diferentes concentraciones de los compuestos y su actividad fue determinada microscópicamente y por la prueba colorimétrica de MTT en el caso de los parásitos y células de mamífero, respectivamente. Los resultados de actividad fueron expresados como la concentración que inhibe o destruye 50% o 90% de los parásitos o células. Resultados: Las N-arilalquilamidas 1, 2 y 5 fueron activos en epimastigotes de T. cruzi con actividades entre IC50 3,71-38,81 &#956;M y IC90 entre 50,87-59,87 &#956;M. El compuesto 2 presentó actividad en amastigotes intracelulares de L. chagasi con IC50 77,76 &#956;M. Las amidas preparadas no presentaron toxicidad en células THP-1 y solo el compuesto 4 fue parcialmente tóxico en células Vero (CC50 65,90 ± 5,71 &#956;M). Conclusiones: La baja toxicidad presentada por los compuestos 1, 2 y 5 y la actividad antiparasitaria mostrada soportan el diseño de nuevas moléculas relacionadas para ser evaluadas en sistemas in vitro e in vivo contra estas enfermedades parasitarias. Salud UIS 2009; 41: 275-279Introduction: The chemotherapy against leishmaniasis and Chagas disease is ineffective, a condition that is aggravating the public health problem caused by these tropical diseases. Objective: To determine the activity of new N-benzyl(2-furylmethyl) cinnamamides in the free and intracellular forms of Leishmania chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi and Vero and THP-1 cells. Materials and methods: The parasites and cells were treated with different concentrations of the compounds and the activity was determined microscopically and MTT colorimetric test in the case of parasites and mammalian cells. Antiparasitic activity of tested compounds was expressed as the concentration that inhibits or destroys 50% or 90% of parasites and cells. Results: The N-arylalkylamides 1, 2 and 5 were active against T. cruzi epimastigotes with a range of activities between IC50 3.71-38.81 &#956;M and IC90 between 50.87-59.87 &#956;M. The compound 2 was active on intracellular amastigotes of L. chagasi with IC50 77.76 &#956;M. The tested amides were not toxic to THP-1 cells; just only compound 4 resulted partially toxic on Vero cells (CC50 65.9 ± 5.71 &#956;M). Conclusions: The low toxicity and the antiparasitic activity showed by the cinnamanide compounds 1, 2 and 5 support the design of new related molecules in order to be evaluated on in vitro and in vivo systems for these parasitic diseases. Salud UIS 2009; 41: 275-279

Reduction of cardiac imaging tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Italy. Findings from the IAEA Non-invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 massively hit Italy, earlier and harder than any other European country. This caused a series of strict containment measures, aimed at blocking the spread of the pandemic. Healthcare delivery was also affected when resources were diverted towards care of COVID-19 patients, including intensive care wards. Aim of the study: The aim is assessing the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac imaging in Italy, compare to the Rest of Europe (RoE) and the World (RoW). Methods: A global survey was conducted in May–June 2020 worldwide, through a questionnaire distributed online. The survey covered three periods: March and April 2020, and March 2019. Data from 52 Italian centres, a subset of the 909 participating centres from 108 countries, were analyzed. Results: In Italy, volumes decreased by 67% in March 2020, compared to March 2019, as opposed to a significantly lower decrease (p &lt; 0.001) in RoE and RoW (41% and 40%, respectively). A further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 summed up to 76% for the North, 77% for the Centre and 86% for the South. When compared to the RoE and RoW, this further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 in Italy was significantly less (p = 0.005), most likely reflecting the earlier effects of the containment measures in Italy, taken earlier than anywhere else in the West. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic massively hit Italy and caused a disruption of healthcare services, including cardiac imaging studies. This raises concern about the medium- and long-term consequences for the high number of patients who were denied timely diagnoses and the subsequent lifesaving therapies and procedures