Diseño arquitectónico de una escuela de formación y estacion de bomberos, para mejorar la calidad de servicio en el distrito de Tarapoto, provincia de San Martin, para el año 2017

La presente tesis es el resultado de la preocupación ante las alarmantes cifras de accidentes y siniestros provocados por el hombre o/y la naturaleza en los últimos tiempos y la gran laboral que vieren realizando los bomberos, arriesgando constantemente sus propias vidas, aun trabajando como muchas limitaciones, que podría afectar de alguna u otra manera el servicio que brindan los bomberos, este es un trabajo que se realizó en la búsqueda de mejorar dicha calidad en servicios de los bomberos de Tarapoto, en la que realizo un análisis previo sobre la actual y única estación dentro de la ciudad, es decir su ubicación, su estado actual, información sobre el desarrollo diario que nos fue facilitado mediante documento y entrevistas realizadas, ya que se contactó con la institución de Bomberos Voluntarios de Tarapoto para conocer e indagar más en términos reales sobre futuros planes sobre construcción, remodelaciones o implementaciones que se puedan dar, además de darles a conocer el proyecto, de esta manera se logró un trato directo con el 1er Comandante que mostro bastante interés en apoyar lo cual facilito con datos para el desarrollo del presente proyecto. Con esta información y mediante las visitas a la estación, se encontró con una inadecuada instalación para el correcto funcionamiento tanto laboral como proceso de formación de nuevos y bomberos en actividad, pues tienen áreas reducidas, sin manteamiento, sin áreas para practicas ni estudio, entre otras cosas, y aunque actualmente existe un proyecto de remodelación, la estación seguirá teniendo déficit en áreas pues una estación de bomberos de este tipo necesita áreas de practica al aire libre para el personal y estudiantes o postulantes. La propuesta que se desarrolla en este proyecto se logra gracias a la trabajo en conjunto con la Compañía de Bomberos para obtener un diseño moderno, funcional, acogedor, de carácter predominante y académico, que representen los objetivos de dicha institución. Se plantea como prioridad la configuración de un espacio que contribuya a mejorar la calidad de servicios del cuerpo de bomberos, que vaya de la mano con el crecimiento vocacional de nuevos bomberos y con la contribución en la cultura de prevención. El respaldo teórico del proyecto se basa en el concepto de Identidad. Se toma como punto relevante el entender la ocupación del suelo como una operación de sustitución topográfica, multiplicarlo, hacerlo operativo para uso público. Como metodología, se analizaron los factores involucrados con el proyecto: ciudad, datos técnicos y estadísticos, terreno y entorno. El resultado de la investigación estableció estrategias de diseño que ayudaron a generar la propuesta. Finalmente, se obtiene un proyecto arquitectónico emplazado en un entorno coherente con el lugar. Se logra a través del espacio privado y público relacionar los núcleos humanos: “ciudadano – bombero”.The following thesis is the result of a concern about the alarming figures of accidents caused by man and / or nature in recent times and the great work that firefighters have been doing, constantly risking their own lives, even working as many limitations, which could affect in some way or another the service provided by firefighters, the following is a research that was carried out to improve the quality in services of the Tarapoto firefighters, in which, a previous analysis on the current and only station within the city was carried on, that is to say its location, its current status, information on the daily development that was provided to us by document and interviews, since the Volunteer Fire Department of Tarapoto was contacted to know and inquire more in real terms future construction plans, remodeling or implementation that can be given, in addition making them to know the project, in this way a direct deal was achieved with the 1st Commander who showed enough interest in supporting, providing, as a first act, relevant data for the development of this project. With this information and through the visits to the station, he found an inadequate installation for the correct functioning both work and training process of new and active firefighters, as they have small areas, without maintenance, without areas for practice or study, between other things, and although there is currently a remodeling project, the station will still have a deficit in areas since a fire station of this type needs outdoor practice areas for staff and students or applicants. The proposal that is developed in this project is achieved thanks to the work in conjunction with the Fire Company to obtain a modern, functional, welcoming, predominantly academic design that represents the objectives of said institution. The configuration of a space that contributes to improve the quality of services of the fire brigade is proposed as a priority, which goes hand in hand with the vocational growth of new firefighters and with the contribution in the culture of prevention. The theoretical support of the project is based on the concept of Identity. The relevant point is to understand land occupation as a topographic substitution operation, multiply it, and make it operational for public use. As a methodology, the factors involved with the project were analyzed: city, technical and statistical data, terrain and environment. The result of the research established design strategies that helped generate the proposal. Finally, you get an architectural project located in an environment consistent with the place. It is achieved through the private and public space to relate the human nuclei: "citizen - fireman".TesisAp

O arranjo institucional de proteção social do serviço de acolhimento à pessoa idosa : oferta e regulação por meio da atuação da Prefeitura de Porto Alegre e da Sociedade Porto Alegrense de Auxílio aos Necessitados

A presente Dissertação de Mestrado em Políticas Públicas analisa a conformação de arranjos institucionais de proteção social que provêm serviços assistenciais de alta complexidade voltados aos idosos, tendo como universo empírico o município de Porto Alegre, capital do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Nestes arranjos verificados historicamente em âmbito municipal, regidos por leis, decretos e normativas procedimentais (federais e locais), as instituições públicas e as privadas sem fins lucrativos constituíram mixes público-privados com vistas à oferta dos serviços socioassistenciais. Tendo como escopo empírico a atuação conjunta da Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre (PMPA) e da Sociedade Porto Alegrense de Auxílio aos Necessitados (SPAAN) ao longo dos últimos 70 anos, buscou-se compreender como tais arranjos – e as respectivas instituições – vêm atuando para a provisão do serviço de acolhimento institucional aos idosos, quais as suas funções e atividades, bem como quais instrumentos legais e normativos, federais e municipais, foram sendo regulamentados ao longo do período em análise. A metodologia caracterizou-se por procedimentos quanti e qualitativos: dados estatísticos foram acessados, provenientes de pesquisas do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) – especialmente os Censos Demográficos e a Pesquisa de Informações Básicas Municipais, MUNIC –; documentos governamentais foram examinados e as informações pertinentes organizadas em bancos de dados, bem como entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas com gestores da PMPA e SPAAN. A análise estatística descritiva foi operacionalizada no software Excel® e a análise de conteúdo (dos documentos e entrevistas) no software Atlas.ti®. Entre os resultados do estudo, foi possível identificar dois arranjos institucionais de proteção social para a provisão do serviço de acolhimento institucional ao idoso em Porto Alegre: a) o primeiro vigente no período 1930- 1990, com a participação de poucas instituições e escassas normativas de regulamentação, do qual a PMPA participava pontualmente (na identificação dos usuários e no financiamento às instituições sem fins lucrativos); b) o atual, formado a partir da década de 1990, que se mostra mais complexo e conta com a participação de outras instituições públicas – como a Fundação de Assistência Social e Cidadania (FASC), os Conselhos Municipais de Assistência Social e do Idoso, e o Ministério Público - , além de se caracterizar pelas novas funções atribuídas à PMPA (a regulação das atividades prestadas pelas entidades conveniadas, paralelamente às anteriores competências de identificação dos usuários e financiamento) e à SPAAN (a exigência de prestação de contas e de adequação à legislação federal e municipal que acompanha a criação do Sistema Único de Assistência Social, SUAS, para além do acolhimento, em si, dos idosos).This Master's Dissertation in Public Policy analyzes the conformation of institutional social protection arrangements that provide highly complex care services for the elderly, with the city of Porto Alegre, capital of state of Rio Grande do Sul, in the Southern Brazil as the empirical universe. In these arrangements historically verified at the municipal level, governed by laws, decrees and procedural regulations (federal and local), public and private non-profit institutions constituted public-private mixes with a view to offering socio-assistance services. With the empirical scope of the joint action of the Porto Alegre City Hall (PMPA) and the Porto Alegrense Society of Aid to the Needy (SPAAN) over the last 70 years, we sought to understand how such arrangements - and the respective institutions - have been working for the provision of the institutional reception service to the elderly, what are their functions and activities, as well as what legal and normative instruments, federal and municipal, have been regulated throughout the period under analysis. The methodology was characterized by quanti and qualitative procedures: statistical data were accessed, coming from surveys of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) - especially the Demographic Censuses and the Basic Municipal Information Survey, MUNIC -; government documents were examined and relevant information was organized in databases, as well as semi-structured interviews with PMPA and SPAAN managers. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using Excel® software and content analysis (of documents and interviews) using Atlas.ti® software. Among the results of the study, it was possible to identify two institutional social protection arrangements for the provision of the institutional reception service to the elderly in Porto Alegre: a) the first in force in the 1930-1990 period, with the participation of few institutions and scarce norms of regulation, in which the PMPA participated punctually (in the identification of users and in financing non-profit institutions); b) the current one, formed from the 1990s, which is more complex and has the participation of other public institutions - such as the Foundation for Social Assistance and Citizenship (FASC), the Municipal Councils for Social Assistance and the Elderly, and the Public Prosecutor's Office -, in addition to being characterized by the new functions attributed to PMPA (the regulation of the activities provided by the contracted entities, in parallel to the previous competencies for identifying users and financing) and SPAAN (the requirement of accountability and adequacy the federal and municipal legislation that accompanies the creation of the Unified Social Assistance System, SUAS, in addition to welcoming elderly people)

Testing for Vitamin D in High-Risk COPD in Outpatient Clinics in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the VITADEPOC Study

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an accelerated deterioration in lung function and increased exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 25(OH) vitamin D levels have been indicated as a potentially useful marker for adverse results related to COPD. Methods: VITADEPOC is a cross-sectional clinical study recruiting consecutive patients with high-risk COPD. The objective of our study was to investigate vitamin D determination frequency in patients with high-risk COPD in clinical practice at outpatient clinics in Spain and to describe the factors associated with vitamin D testing. We also aimed to determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in these patients. Results: Only 51 (44%) patients underwent vitamin D determination and 33 (28.4%) had received vitamin D supplements in clinical practice. The patients who underwent testing for vitamin D in clinical practice were more often women (58.8% vs. 26.2%, p < 0.001) with comorbidities such as osteoporosis (19.6% vs. 6.2%, p < 0.001) or chronic renal failure (7.8% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) and with exacerbator phenotype (55% vs. 32.3%, p = 0.015). A total of 63 (54.3%) patients had serum vitamin D levels <20 ng/mL at the inclusion visit. Of these, 29 (46%) had serum vitamin D levels <12 ng/mL (severe deficiency). Having a history of inhaled corticosteroids (OR 3.210, p < 0.016), being treated with a cycle of systemic corticosteroids (OR 2.149, p < 0.002), and having a lower physical activity level (OR 3.840, p < 0.004) showed a statistically significant positive association with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: The testing of vitamin D levels in patients with high-risk COPD treated at outpatient respiratory clinics in Spain is infrequent. However, when tested, a severe deficiency is detected in one in four patients. Efforts to optimize case detection in COPD are needed.Depto. de MedicinaFac. de MedicinaTRUESociedad Madrileña de Neumología y Cirugía TorácicaResearch Pharma S.Lpu

O processo de institucionalização do SUAS: uma análise dos municípios da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre

A partir da Constituição Federal de 1988 a política pública de Assistência Social se encaminhou para um processo de institucionalização. Iniciado pela formulação de normativas por parte do governo federal, houve o envolvimento de atores implementadores, sobretudo os municípios, na gestão e execução dos serviços. Contudo, esse processo de institucionalização tem se mostrado instável, a depender das agendas políticas dos governos federais. Neste estudo, a partir da teoria neoinstitucionalista, objetivamos analisar o processo de institucionalização do Sistema Único de Assistência Social na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA) entre os anos de 2010 a 2019, observando as continuidades e rupturas na implementação, especialmente dos equipamentos públicos, dos serviços e equipes.&nbsp; Do ponto de vista metodológico, trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa, em que analisamos um banco de dados com indicadores do Censo SUAS e aplicamos um questionário online em 33 municípios da RMPA. Os achados mostraram que, entre os anos de 2010 e 2019 houve um conjunto de acréscimos e supressões de estruturas e serviços na política de assistência social da RMPA, chamando a atenção à diminuição do número de trabalhadores estáveis nos governos municipais. Assim, concluímos que a RMPA se encontra em um estágio de semi-institucionalização, investindo ainda na consolidação de estruturas básicas da política de assistência social

Severe COVID-19 Illness and α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency: COVID-AATD Study

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency; Genetic mutations; Severe COVID-19Deficiència d'alfa-1 antitripsina; Mutacions genètiques; COVID-19 greuDeficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina; Mutaciones genéticas; COVID-19 graveBackground: Epidemiologic studies have reported that the geographical distribution of the prevalence of allelic variants of serine protein inhibitor-A1 (SERPINA1) and severe cases of COVID-19 were similar. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study to evaluate the frequency of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) in patients with COVID-19 and whether it was associated with having suffered severe COVID-19. Results: 2022 patients who had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mutations associated with AATD were more frequent in severe COVID versus non-severe (23% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.022). The frequency of Pi*Z was 37.8/1000 in severe COVID versus 17.5/1000 in non-severe, p = 0.001. Having an A1AT level below 116 was more frequent in severe COVID versus non-severe (29.5% vs. 23.1, p = 0.003). Factors associated with a higher likelihood of severe COVID-19 were being male, older, smoking, age-associated comorbidities, and having an A1AT level below 116 mg/dL [OR 1.398, p = 0.003], and a variant of the SERPINA1 gene that could affect A1AT protein [OR 1.294, p = 0.022]. Conclusions: These observations suggest that patients with AATD should be considered at a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19. Further studies are needed on the role of A1AT in the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its possible therapeutic role.This study was promoted by the Madrid Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (Neumomadrid). We thank Grifols for its financial support to carry out the study. The financing entities did not participate in the design of the study, data collection, analysis, publication, or preparation of this manuscript. The participation of the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital in this study has been funded by a research grant from the Fundació Catalana de Pneumologia (FUCAP) 2021

Pandemic crisis and the institutionalization of the Unified Social Assistance System in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre

A Assistência Social (AS) foi considerada fundamental para a mitigação dos efeitos da pandemia de COVID-19. Este artigo questiona se o processo de institucionalização do Sistema Único de Assistência Social na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA) pode ser afetado pela conjuntura da crise pandêmica. Mobilizando a literatura de mudança institucional, buscamos entender como a política pública tem sido implementada no contexto, se houve alterações significativas nas estruturas de AS, sobretudo nas condições de trabalho dos servidores de linha de frente. Foi aplicado um questionário on-line com trabalhadores atuantes na AS dos municípios da RMPA entre maio e junho de 2020 e analisadas 53 respostas de 22 dos 35 municípios. Achados da pesquisa revelam que a situação de crise não alterou de imediato as estruturas de AS municipais estudadas, por outro lado, deixou mais evidente as precariedades já enfrentadas.Social Assistance was considered essential to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article questions whether the institutionalization process of the Single Social Assistance System in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre (RMPA) can be affected by the conjuncture of the pandemic crisis. By mobilizing the literature on institutional change, we seek to understand how public policy has been implemented in the context, if there have been significant changes in the structures of SA, especially in the working conditions of frontline employees. An online questionnaire was applied to workers working in the AS of the municipalities of RMPA between May and June 2020 and 53 responses from 22 of the 35 municipalities were analyzed. Research findings reveal that the crisis situation did not immediately change the studied municipal AS structures, on the other hand, made the precariousness already faced more evident

Government planning in Brazilian municipalities : towards a research agenda

A Constituição Federal de 1988 alçou os municípios à condição de entes federados autônomos, atribuiu-lhes uma série de competências em relação às políticas públicas e descentralizou a responsabilidade pela confecção de peças de planejamento governamental. Até então, este tipo de atividade, bem como as capacidades estatais correspondentes estavam concentrados na burocracia federal. Neste cenário de mudança institucional e organizacional, o objetivo deste artigo foi investigar a produção científica sobre o planejamento municipal. Para isso, realizamos uma busca sistematizada de artigos nas bases do Portal Periódicos Capes abrangendo o período de 1995 a 2018. Os resultados evidenciaram que o campo é incipiente, carecendo de regularidade teórica e analítica, privilegia um viés normativo e está fortemente alicerçado em abordagens da administração de organizações privadas. Com isso, sustentamos a pertinência desta agenda de pesquisa, em consonância com a importância da gestão local para a federação e para a garantia de direitos.Brazil’s Constitution of 1988 gave municipalities the status of autonomous federated entities. They were assigned a series of responsibilities in the field of public policies, including the duty of preparing government plans. Before the constitution, planning and the state capability regarding this task were concentrated in the federal bureaucracy. In this institutional and organizational changing scenario, the objective of this article was to investigate the scientific production regarding municipal planning. A systematized search of articles was carried out on the Portal Periódicos Capes databases for the period 1995 to 2018. The results showed that the field is incipient, lacking theoretical and analytical regularity, privileges a normative bias, and is strongly based on approaches developed in the field of business administration. This study corroborates the relevance of this research agenda. It stresses the importance of local management for the federation and the protection of rights

Pluriannual Plans as a proxy for measuring state capabilities : a study of governmental planning at the municipalities of Porto Alegre metropolitan area

Este artigo tem o objetivo de investigar as capacidades estatais relacionadas ao planejamento governamental dos municípios da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA). De forma específica, analisamos os planos plurianuais (PPAs) desses municípios, enfocando seus aspectos formais/obrigatórios, conforme exigidos normativamente. Assumimos que tais planos, em sua condição de produtos das burocracias estatais, expressam as capacidades estatais instaladas, especialmente a capacidade administrativa. Dessa forma, permitiriam uma aproximação analítica (proxy) desta. No que tange aos procedimentos metodológicos, foi realizada pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, operacionalizada por meio de pesquisa documental e análise de conteúdo. Constatamos que os PPAs dos municípios estudados apresentavam diversas fragilidades e inconsistências, tendo apenas Porto Alegre oferecido à sociedade um plano composto de todos os elementos obrigatórios. De forma geral, enquanto os objetivos e as metas foram os componentes mais presentes, indicadores, diretrizes e diagnóstico pouco foram acionados. Entende-se que tais debilidades refletem a baixa qualidade das burocracias instaladas no que concerne à área de planejamento municipal. Ainda, averiguou-se que o porte populacional do município não influenciou tais resultados.This article aims to investigate the state capabilities related to the governmental planning at the municipalities of Porto Alegre metropolitan area (RMPA). We analyze the Pluriannual Plans (PPAs) of these municipalities with a focus on their formal/mandatory aspects normatively required. We assume that such plans, as products of state bureaucracies, express the existing/installed state capacities, especially administrative capacity; allowing an analytical approach. Regarding the methodological procedures, exploratory and descriptive research was made, operationalizes through documentary research and content analysis of the PPAs. We found that the PPAs of the studied municipalities presented several fragilities and inconsistencies; and only Porto Alegre offered to the society a plan with all the mandatory elements. In general, while the objectives and goals were the most present components, indicators, guidelines, and diagnoses were little triggered. We understand that such weaknesses reflect a low quality of installed bureaucracies concerning municipal planning. Also, it was verified that the population size of municipalities did not influence this outcome

LEMUR: Large European Module for solar Ultraviolet Research. European contribution to JAXA's Solar-C mission

Understanding the solar outer atmosphere requires concerted, simultaneous solar observations from the visible to the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and soft X-rays, at high spatial resolution (between 0.1" and 0.3"), at high temporal resolution (on the order of 10 s, i.e., the time scale of chromospheric dynamics), with a wide temperature coverage (0.01 MK to 20 MK, from the chromosphere to the flaring corona), and the capability of measuring magnetic fields through spectropolarimetry at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Simultaneous spectroscopic measurements sampling the entire temperature range are particularly important. These requirements are fulfilled by the Japanese Solar-C mission (Plan B), composed of a spacecraft in a geosynchronous orbit with a payload providing a significant improvement of imaging and spectropolarimetric capabilities in the UV, visible, and near-infrared with respect to what is available today and foreseen in the near future. The Large European Module for solar Ultraviolet Research (LEMUR), described in this paper, is a large VUV telescope feeding a scientific payload of high-resolution imaging spectrographs and cameras. LEMUR consists of two major components: a VUV solar telescope with a 30 cm diameter mirror and a focal length of 3.6 m, and a focal-plane package composed of VUV spectrometers covering six carefully chosen wavelength ranges between 17 and 127 nm. The LEMUR slit covers 280" on the Sun with 0.14" per pixel sampling. In addition, LEMUR is capable of measuring mass flows velocities (line shifts) down to 2 km/s or better. LEMUR has been proposed to ESA as the European contribution to the Solar C mission.Comment: 35 pages, 14 figures. To appear on Experimental Astronom

A real-time PCR assay for detection of low Pneumocystis jirovecii levels

Here we report a new real-time PCR assay using SYBR Green which provides higher sensitivity for the specific detection of low levels of Pneumocystis jirovecii. To do so, two primer sets were designed, targeting the family of genes that code for the most abundant surface protein of Pneumocystis spp., namely the major surface glycoproteins (Msg), and the mitochondrial large subunit rRNA (mtLSUrRNA) multicopy gene, simultaneously detecting two regions. PCR methods are instrumental in detecting these low levels; however, current nested-PCR methods are time-consuming and complex. To validate our new real-time Msg-A/mtLSUrRNA PCR protocol, we compared it with nested-PCR based on the detection of Pneumocystis mitochondrial large subunit rRNA (mtLSUrRNA), one of the main targets used to detect this pathogen. All samples identified as positive by the nested-PCR method were found positive using our new real-time PCR protocol, which also detected P. jirovecii in three nasal aspirate samples that were negative for both rounds of nested-PCR. Furthermore, we read both rounds of the nested-PCR results for comparison and found that some samples with no PCR amplification, or with a feeble band in the first round, correlated with higher Ct values in our real-time Msg-A/mtLSUrRNA PCR. This finding demonstrates the ability of this new single-round protocol to detect low Pneumocystis levels. This new assay provides a valuable alternative for P. jirovecii detection, as it is both rapid and sensitive.This research was funded by the ERANet LAC (ELAC2014/HID-0254), the National Fund for Science and Technology (Fondecyt, Chile) (1140412), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-105969GB-I00), Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) (Prometeo/2018/A/133), and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF, EU).Peer reviewe