Active vs. Passive Recovery During an Aerobic Interval Training Session in Well-Trained Runners

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract] Purpose To compare cardio-metabolic, perceptual and neuromuscular responses to an aerobic interval training (AIT) running session, with active (AR) vs. passive recovery (PR). Methods Eleven well-trained male distance runners (36.63±6.93 years, 59.26±5.27 mL·kg−1·min−1, ⁓ 35 min in 10 km) completed the University of Montréal Track Test (UMTT) and 2 AIT sessions on track in random order, which consisted of 4×2 min at 100% of the maximum aerobic speed (MAS), with 2 min of AR at 80% of the velocity associated to the second ventilatory threshold (vVT2), or no exercise (i.e., PR). During sessions, oxygen consumption (V̇O2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate [La], rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and countermovement jump (CMJ) were continuously monitored. Results There were no diferences in time spent in the “red zone” (i.e.>90% V̇O2max) between sessions (222±73 s AR vs. 230±104 s PR, p=0.588), although the PR exhibited a greater time spent at peak V̇O2 close to signifcance (117±114 vs. 158±109 s, p=0.056). However, the AR elicited a higher mean V̇O2 (49.62±5.91 vs. 47.46±4.20 mL·kg−1·min−1, p=0.021). The AR favored a lower [La] after sessions (6.93±2.22 vs. 6.24±1.93 mmol·L−1, p=0.016) and a higher RPE during sessions (15±0.45 vs. 14±0.47, p=0.045). Meanwhile, the CMJ was signifcantly potentiated during both sessions. Conclusion Considering that PR elicited lower perceptual loading for a similar cardiorespiratory response, its use would be preferable, at least, for this type of AIT running sessions

Reflection and Quality Assessment in Service-Learning Projects. When, With Whom, and Why

Among all the elements likely to be considered criteria that determine the quality of a service-learning (SL) project, the scientific literature points to reflection. This work is aimed at analyzing the association of reflection with certain variables that mediate the educational performance of university students, as well as their satisfaction with the acquired knowledge. More specifically, the main focus was to analyze how this reflective process should be, thus we defined three independent variables: the time at which it is performed, the actors involved, and its objectives. The sample was made up of 295 students from the University of Santiago de Compostela, who were participating in SL projects that had been developed in different degree programs. Three instruments were used for data collection, two aimed at the students and one at the teaching staff responsible for the project. The main conclusion, given the results, is that reflection must be carried out from the beginning to the end of the project or, failing this, only at the end. Secondly, priority should be given to involving all the actors concerned, paying particular attention at least to the work group. Finally, it must be oriented both toward sharing feelings about the experience, relating the service to the contents of the subject, and developing attitudes and values. In this way, the status of reflection as one of the key factors in the development of quality experiences in SL is confirmed, showing that those that present a more rigorous and structured reflection have a greater impact on the variables mediating performance and on the students' satisfaction with their learningThis work was derived from two projects of the Spanish State Program of Research, Development and Innovation oriented toward the Challenges of Society (EDU2013-41687-R and EDU2017-82629-R) and a Research Network of the Spanish State Program for Knowledge Generation and Scientific and Technological Strengthening of the R&D&I System (EDU2017-90651-REDT)S

Barómetro gallego – septiembre 1999. Actitudes, valores y cultura política de los gallegos

Ámbito: Galicia. Universo: Población gallega de ambos sexos de 18 años y más. Tamaño de la muestra: Muestra teórica: 1205 entrevistas Muestra real: 1204 entrevistas A Coruña: 300 Lugo: 302 Ourense: 301 Pontevedra: 301 Afijación: No proporcional con aplicación de coeficientes de ponderación para el conjunto de Galicia. Procedimiento de muestreo: Polietápico, estratificado por conglomerados, con selección de las unidades muestrales primarias (municipios) y de las secundarias (secciones) de forma aleatoria proporcional, para cada provincia, y de las unidades últimas (individuos) por rutas aleatorias por rutas aleatorias y cuotas de edad y sexo. En la búsqueda de una afijación del máximo rigor posible, se obtiene por una estratificación en función de cuatro variables: tamaño poblacional de los municipios, sexo, edad y comportamiento en las anteriores elecciones al. Parlamento Gallego de 1997. Los cuestionarios se administraron mediante entrevista personal en los domicilios. Error muestral: Para un nivel de confianza del 95,5% (dos sigmas), y p = q, el error es de ± 2,88% para el conjunto de la muestra. Fecha de realización: Del 15 al 30 de septiembre de 1999

Comentarios al Borrador de Ley de Patrimonio Cultural de Uruguay

[ES] La reunión tuvo el objetivo de poner en común comentarios y observaciones al borrador del Proyecto de Ley de Patrimonio Cultural de Uruguay. Aprovechando la estancia de J. López Mazz y enmarcado en la cooperación entre el LaPa (CSIC) y la FHCE (UdelaR) y en los distintos trabajos que vienen realizando ambas instituciones en forma conjunta. La dinámica de la reunión se planteó a partir de los documentos con comentarios aportados por cada uno de los participantes y abriendo la discusión en torno a tres temas centrales: (1) objeto y cometidos de una ley de PC, (2) estructura de la ley, y (3) comentarios al articulado. Durante la reunión se pusieron en común todos los comentarios y se acordó elaborar un documento conjunto que los sintetizara. El documento que sigue se organiza en tres partes: (1) Comentarios y reflexiones generales torno al sentido y cometido de una ley de PC actual. (2) Comentarios generales acerca del borrador discutido y en torno a la estructura y objeto de la ley de PC uruguayo. (3) Comentarios individuales a cada uno de los artículos recogidos en el borrador

Barómetro galego-Marzo 1998: actitudes, valores y cultura política de los gallegos

Ámbito: Galicia, con cuatro submuestras para cada una de las provincias. Universo: Población gallega de ambos sexos, mayores de18 años. Tamaño de la muestra: Galicia: 3213 entrevistas. Por provincias: A Coruña: 802; Lugo: 804; Ourense: 800; Pontevedra: 807. Afijación: No proporcional con aplicación de coeficientes de ponderación para el conjunto de Galicia. Puntos de muestreo: Galicia: 80 municipios. Por provincias: A Coruña: 20 , Lugo: 22; Ouense: 23, Pontevedra: 15. Procedimiento de muestreo: Polietápico, estratificado por conglomerados, con selección de las unidades muestrales primarias (municipios) y de las secundarias (secciones) de forma aleatoria proporcional, para cada provincia, y de las unidades últimas (individuos) por rutas aleatorias y cuotas de edad y sexo. Los cuestionarios se administraron mediante entrevista personal en los domicilios. Error muestral: Para un nivel de confianza del 95,5% (dos sigmas), y p = q, el error es de ±1,8 para el conjunto de Galicia y de ±3,5 para las cuatro provincias, y en el supuesto de muestreo aleatorio simple. Fecha de realización: Del 2 al 20 de Marzo de 1998. Dirección: Julio Cabrera Varela, J. Manuel Rivera Otero y Nieves Lagares Diez. Trabajo de campo: Obradoiro de Socioloxía S.L

Development and Characterization of a Tacrolimus/Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Eye Drop

Uveitis is a vision inflammatory disorder with a high prevalence in developing countries. Currently, marketed treatments remain limited and reformulation is usually performed to obtain a tacrolimus eye drop as a therapeutic alternative in corticosteroid-refractory eye disease. The aim of this work was to develop a mucoadhesive, non-toxic and stable topical ophthalmic formulation that can be safely prepared in hospital pharmacy departments. Four different ophthalmic formulations were prepared based on the tacrolimus/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) inclusion complexes’ formation. Phase solubility diagrams, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and molecular modeling studies showed the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 tacrolimus/HPβCD inclusion complexes, being possible to obtain a 0.02% (w/v) tacrolimus concentration by using 40% (w/v) HPβCD aqueous solutions. Formulations also showed good ophthalmic properties in terms of pH, osmolality and safety. Stability studies proved these formulations to be stable for at least 3 months in refrigeration. Ex vivo bioadhesion and in vivo ocular permanence showed good mucoadhesive properties with higher ocular permanence compared to the reference pharmacy compounding used in clinical settings (t1/2 of 86.2 min for the eyedrop elaborated with 40% (w/v) HPβCD and Liquifilm® versus 46.3 min for the reference formulation). Thus, these novel eye drops present high potential as a safe alternative for uveitis treatment, as well as a versatile composition to include new drugs intended for topical ophthalmic administrationThis research was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RTI2018-099597-B-100), the ISCIII (PI17/00940, RETICS Oftared, RD16/0008/0003 and RD12/0034/0017) and by Xunta de Galicia, grant numbers GPC2013/015 and GRC2017/015S

Mixtures of Ethylammonium Nitrate and Ethylene Carbonate: Bulk and Interfacial Analysis

[Abstract] The structure and dynamics of binary mixtures of a protic ionic liquid (ethylammonium nitrate) and ethylene carbonate are studied by means of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and experimental measurements both in bulk and at the electrochemical interface. The solubility limit was experimentally found at 0.6 carbonate molar fraction. Likewise, density and conductivity experimental data are compared with computational results. Also, distribution and correlation functions obtained from bulk simulations are analyzed in the miscible range to clarify the role of the carbonate in the coordination and diffusion of ionic species. Understanding the evolution of the hydrogen bond network is of particular importance since its strength is detected as the most relevant feature in the structural organization of the mixture. Regarding the effects of the presence of an interface, the orientations of the molecules and the density and charge profiles are calculated both in the absence and in the presence of an electric field. This analysis reveals the tendency of the carbonate to displace the ionic liquid from the near-wall region when concentration is increased.The financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2021-126148NA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE) is gratefully acknowledged. Moreover, this work was funded by the Xunta de Galicia (ED431E 2018/08 and GRC ED431C 2020/10). All these research projects were partially supported by FEDER. Authors acknowledge P. Rojo-Garea (iMATUS, University of Santiago de Compostela) for the technical support in conductivity experimental measurements. A.R.P. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Education for his FPU grant. M.O.L. wishes to thank the Xunta the Galicia for his “Axudas de apoio á etapa predoutoral” grant. T. M. M. acknowledges her contract funded by the pilot program of the USC for the recruitment of distinguished research personnel—call 2021 under the agreement between the USC and the Santander Bank for 2021–2024. H.M.C. thanks the USC for his “Convocatoria de Recualificación do Sistema Universitario Español-Margarita Salas” postdoctoral grant under the “Plan de Recuperación Transformación” program funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities with European Union's NextGenerationEU funds. P.V. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Education for his FPI grant. J.J.P. thanks I2C postdoctoral Program of Xunta de Galicia. R.L.C. acknowledges his Predoctoral Contract under the framework of the project PID2021-126148NA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE. Facilities provided by the Galician Supercomputing Centre (CESGA) are also acknowledgedXunta de Galicia; ED431E 2018/08Xunta de Galicia; GRC ED431C 2020/1

A tool for toponym recognition in medieval documents

Este artigo apresenta o método de construção duma ferramenta para a anotação de entidades geográficas mencionadas em textos medievais. A nova ferramenta foi desenvolvida a partir dos módulos de língua contemporânea do LinguaKit, pacote multilingue de ferramentas de PLN. Uma coleção de corpora anotados manualmente serviu de recurso para elaborar uma lista de topónimos medievais (gazetteers) e observar padrões para a melhora e implementação de novas regras de reconhecimento dos nomes de lugar. Depois da lista de entidades geográficas, os ativadores contextuais (triggers) foram o recurso determinante na melhora da abrangência. Para o produto final, fizeram-se também ajustes menores na procura de recolher os elementos mais comuns do léxico e os contextos gramaticais das entidades geográficas mencionadas. Ainda que muito trabalho fica por fazer na elaboração de listas para entidades não geográficas, na construção dum modelo de língua medieval e um lexicon específico, o novo módulo pode ser utilizado para anotar textos e mostra uma melhora significativa a respeito dos módulos previamente existentesThis paper describes a method to build a tool aimed at recognizing geographical named entities in medieval texts. The new tool has been developed using the corresponding modules for contemporary languages contained in LinguaKit, a suite of NLP tools. A collection of manually annotated corpora served as a resource to build a gazetteer of medieval toponyms and find patterns to improve and implement new rules for the recognition of place names. In addition to the gazetteer, a list of triggers was the most determinant factor to improve recall. Final adjustments considered the most frequent terms of the lexicon and grammatical contexts for geographical named entities. In the process of building a model of medieval language and a specific lexicon, the available tool can already be used to annotate texts and shows a significant improvement when compared with previous modules. However, most work remains to be done in terms of adding specific gazetteers for entities other than geographicalEste trabalho foi desenvolvido no marco da rede galega de investigacao TECANDALI, ED341DR2016/011, financiada pela Consellaría de Educación e Ordenación Universitaria da Xunta de Galicia, e do European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)S

Factors controlling the community structure of picoplankton in contrasting marine environments

The effect of inorganic nutrients on planktonic assemblages has traditionally relied on concentrations rather than estimates of nutrient supply. We combined a novel dataset of hydrographic properties, turbulent mixing, nutrient concentration, and picoplankton community composition with the aims of (i) quantifying the role of temperature, light, and nitrate fluxes as factors controlling the distribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton subgroups, as determined by flow cytometry, and (ii) describing the ecological niches of the various components of the picoplankton community. Data were collected at 97 stations in the Atlantic Ocean, including tropical and subtropical open-ocean waters, the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, and the Galician coastal upwelling system of the northwest Iberian Peninsula. A generalized additive model (GAM) approach was used to predict depth-integrated biomass of each picoplankton subgroup based on three niche predictors: sea surface temperature, averaged daily surface irradiance, and the transport of nitrate into the euphotic zone, through both diffusion and advection. In addition, niche overlap among different picoplankton subgroups was computed using nonparametric kernel density functions. Temperature and nitrate supply were more relevant than light in predicting the biomass of most picoplankton subgroups, except for Prochlorococcus and low-nucleic-acid (LNA) prokaryotes, for which irradiance also played a significant role. Nitrate supply was the only factor that allowed the distinction among the ecological niches of all autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton subgroups. Prochlorococcus and LNA prokaryotes were more abundant in warmer waters (>20 ∘C) where the nitrate fluxes were low, whereas Synechococcus and high-nucleic-acid (HNA) prokaryotes prevailed mainly in cooler environments characterized by intermediate or high levels of nitrate supply. Finally, the niche of picoeukaryotes was defined by low temperatures and high nitrate supply. These results support the key role of nitrate supply, as it not only promotes the growth of large phytoplankton, but it also controls the structure of marine picoplankton communities.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CTM2012-30680Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CTM2008-0626I-C03-01Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. REN2003-09532-C03-01Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CTM2004-05174 -C02Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CTM2011-25035Xunta de Galicia | Ref. 09MMA027604PRXunta de Galicia | Ref. EM2013/021European Commission | Ref. FP7, n. 261860Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. FJCI-641 2015-2571