A unifying Petri net model of non-interference and non-deducibility information flow security

In this paper we introduce FIFO Information Flow Nets (FIFN) as a model for describing information flow security properties. The FIFN is based on Petri nets and has been derived from the work described in [Var89], [Var90] and [Rou86]. Using this new model, we present the information flow security properties Non-Interference between Places (which corresponds to Non-Interference) and Non-Deducibility on Views (which corresponds to Non-Deducibility on Inputs). Then we consider a very general composition operation and show that neither Non-Interference on Places nor Non-Deducibility on Views is preserved under this composition operation. This leads us to a new definition of information flow security referred to as the Feedback Non-Deducibility on Views. We then show that this definition is preserved under the composition operation. This leads us to a new definition of information flow security referred to as the Feedback Non-Deducibility on Views. We then show that this definition is preserved under the composition operation. We then show some similarities between this property and the notion of Non-Deducibility on Strategies

C Reactive protein and serum bilirubin as predictor of severity of acute appendicitis

INTRODUCTION: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies. Its diagnosis is usually made depending on presenting history, clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. It has been estimated that the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis is between 76% and 92% The negative appendectomy rate is about 15 percent The perforation rate in acute appendicitis can be as high as 35 percent. No specific marker exists to assess severity of inflammation preoperatively. This study was done to assess the utility of C reactive protein and Serum Bilirubin in assessing severity of Acute appendicitis. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between pre operative CRP and Serum Bilirubin levels and the intra operative finding and thereby predicting the severity of appendicitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Period of Study: Data was collected prospectively from September 2013 to September 2014 Place of Study: Department of Surgery, Govt Kilpauk Medical College Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients admitted with acute abdominal pain with signs and symptoms of appendicitis who are clinically diagnosed to have acute appendicitis were included in this study. 2. Patient of both sexes. 3. Age from 18 years to 60 years. 4. Patients who were willing to give consent for study were included. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Pregnant women, 2. Patients on Long term steroids/immunosuppressant, 3. Patients on treatment for Chronic Inflammatory diseases, 4. Known CAHD patient, 5. Patients with Chronic liver disease. STUDY METHODOLOGY: 100 eligible patients were chosen. History and signs were recorded. Basic routine investigations was done for all patients. Consent was obtained for inclusion under study. CRP and Serum Bilirubin was done preoperatively for all patients Subsequently patients were taken up for open appendicectomy. Macroscopic analysis by the surgeon intra operatively was used by surgeon to classify the appendix as acute appendicitis, gangrenous or perforated, mass, abscess or normal appendix. The data was analyzed. CONCLUSION: It was seen that C Reactive protein and Elevated serum bilirubin values may be used in pre-operative assessment of patients with suspected appendicitis. C reactive protein maybe used as a rule out test and maybe helpful in reducing the negative appendectomy rates. But, Serum bilirubin, based on this study, is found to be a precise indicator of severity of disease than just diagnosing if a patient has acute appendicitis or not. With CRP having high sensitivity and Serum bilirubin having good specificity, combining both can be useful in creating an ideal screening platform which is both sensitive and specific. So by combining both Serum Bilirubin values and CRP levels, negative appendectomy rate and perforation related complications in a case of acute appendicitis may be brought down

Fundamental time period of RC Setback Buildings

The buildings with the presence of setback irregularity are now being increasingly used in the urban areas. The present work proposes an irregularity index for quantifying the setback irregularity based on the dynamic characteristics of the buildings. This paper also proposes a modified equation for the fundamental period of vibration, for building frames with setback irregularity. Furthermore, the equations for estimating the maximum inter storey drift ratio (Ir) and maximum displacement ductility (μmax) are also proposed. These equations are proposed on basis of the regression analysis conducted on the seismic response databank of 305 building models with different types of setback irregularity for each height category. The proposed equations are represented as a function of the irregularity index, and are validated for 2D and 3D building models with setback irregularity

What innovative practices and processes are used to deliver psychosocial care in India?:A qualitative case study of three non-profit community mental health organisations

The global mental health field seeks to close the “treatment gap” for mental illness in low-and middle-income countries by scaling evidence-based interventions. The evidence base has often bypassed psychosocial interventions by local organizations who do not fit a biomedical approach to evidence building. In India, non-profit mental health organizations are addressing care gaps through novel approaches that emphasize social recovery and inclusion.This study seeks to better understand the nature and dynamic of this innovation by examining what was working well in the practices and processes of three such community mental health care organizations. A comparative case approach was chosen for its strength as an exploratory means for inductive theory building. Three case organizations in Kerala, West Bengal and Uttarakhand states were selected based on their diverse socio-cultural and health systems settings. Qualitative data was collected in 2018–20, to examine their practices and processes using mixed methods and data sources including interviews, focus groups, participant observation and document analysis.Common strategies observed across the three organizations, included engaging community, prioritising beneficiaries, co-opting resources, devolving care, reorganising communication and recovery and integration. These strategies were further categorized into three domains: constructing a sustainable resource base, managing knowledge and redefining meanings. In contrast with conventional problem-solving approaches, these cases used an approach that built on assets and strengths using inclusive governance which enabled coordination of the community health system.This study argues that these organizations incorporate reflexive practice and two-way flows of knowledge to enable them to address complex social determinants of mental health. This has implications for how psychosocial care in CMH is conceptualized. We argue that the ways the organizations respond to the complexities of mental health difficulties contributes to reframing mental health as a social development issue, centering inclusion of people with psychosocial disabilities. Our findings argue against a polarization between biomedical and psychosocial CMH models and illustrate ways of integrating both approaches and their centrality to effective mental health care

ASSESSMENT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS RELATED STRESS USING A SPECIFIC SCALE ADMINISTERED AS AN ONLINE MOBILE APPLICATION

Objective: Aim of the study was to assess the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) related stress among pregnant women using an online mobile application based specific stress scale for GDM. Methods: This was a prospective observational study. All GDM patients who have used the Gestational Diabetes Stress Scale (GDSS)-mobile application within the study period were included (176 patients). Their total and subscale stress scores were analyzed. Results: This study found that 52.84% of the total population needed clinical attention for GDM related stress. The subscale scores revealed that 65.91% of the population needed clinical attention for emotional burden, 15.34% of the population needed clinical attention for medication-related stress, 69.89% of the population needed clinical attention for social or economical stress and 36.36% of the population needed clinical attention for health care set up related stress. Conclusion: Based upon this study we conclude that GDSS is a good invention. There existed a gap in measuring GDM related stress in pregnant women and GDSS is a solution for the same

BOUNDING BOX METHOD BASED ACCURATE VEHICLE NUMBER DETECTION AND RECOGNITION FOR HIGH SPEED APPLICATIONS

License plate detection and recognition is the one of the major aspects of applying the image processing techniques towards intelligent transport systems. Detecting the exact location of the license plate from the vehicle image at very high speed is the one of the most crucial step for vehicle plate detection systems. This paper proposes an algorithm to detect license plate region and edge processing both vertically and horizontally to improve the performance of the systems for high speed applications. Throughout the detection and recognition the original images are detected, filtered both vertically and horizontally, and threshold based on bounding box method. The whole system was tested on more than twenty five cars with various license plates in Indian style at different weather conditions. The overall accuracy rate of success recognition is 93% at sunlight conditions, 72% at cloudy, 71% at shaded weather conditions

Cyber attacks in smart grid - Dynamic impacts, analyses and recommendations

© 2020 Institution of Engineering and Technology. All rights reserved. Cyber attacks can cause cascading failures and blackouts in smart grids. Therefore, it is highly necessary to identify the types, impacts and solutions of cyber attacks to ensure the secure operation of power systems. As a well-known practice, steady-state analysis is commonly used to identify cyber attacks and provide effective solutions. However, it cannot fully cover non-linear behaviours and cascaded blackouts of the system caused by dynamic perturbations, as well as provide a postdisturbance operating point. This study presents a novel approach based on dynamic analysis that excludes the limitations of the steady-state analysis and can be used in the events of various cyber attacks. Four types of common attacks are reviewed, and their dynamic impacts are shown on the IEEE benchmark model of the Western System Coordinating Council system implemented in MATLAB Simulink. Then, recommendations are provided to enhance the security of the future smart power grids from the possible cyber attacks

Population transcriptomics reveals weak parallel genetic basis in repeated marine and freshwater divergence in nine-spined sticklebacks

Abstract The degree to which adaptation to similar selection pressures is underlain by parallel vs. non-parallel genetic changes is a topic of broad interest in contemporary evolutionary biology. Sticklebacks provide opportunities to characterize and compare the genetic underpinnings of repeated marine-freshwater divergences at both intra- and interspecific levels. While the degree of genetic parallelism in repeated marine-freshwater divergences has been frequently studied in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), much less is known about this in other stickleback species. Using a population transcriptomic approach, we identified both genetic and gene expression variations associated with marine-freshwater divergence in the nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius). Specifically, we used a genome-wide association study approach, and found that ~1% of the total 173,491 identified SNPs showed marine-freshwater ecotypic differentiation. A total of 861 genes were identified to have SNPs associated with marine-freshwater divergence in nine-spined stickleback, but only 12 of these genes have also been reported as candidates associated with marine-freshwater divergence in the three-spined stickleback. Hence, our results indicate a low degree of interspecific genetic parallelism in marine-freshwater divergence. Moreover, 1,578 genes in the brain and 1,050 genes in the liver were differentially expressed between marine and freshwater nine-spined sticklebacks, ~5% of which have also been identified as candidates associated with marine-freshwater divergence in the three-spined stickleback. However, only few of these (e.g., CLDND1) appear to have been involved in repeated marine-freshwater divergence in nine-spined sticklebacks. Taken together, the results indicate a low degree of genetic parallelism in repeated marine-freshwater divergence both at intra- and interspecific levels.Peer reviewe

An Enhanced Hybrid Key Management Protocol for Secure Multicast in Ad Hoc Networks

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. internationale.International audienceAn ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile hosts forming a temporary network without the aid of any established infrastructure or centralized administration. This exibility in space and time induces new challenges towards the security infrastructure needed to support secure unicast and multicast communications. Especially, traditional group key management architectures meant for wired networks are not appropriate in such environment due to high dynamics and mobility of nodes. In this paper, we propose an enhanced hybrid key management protocol for secure multicast dedicated to operate in ad hoc networks. Built on a protocol called BAAL dedicated to key distribution in wired networks, our approach integrates threshold cryptography and the services of the AKMP protocol to deliver fast, efficient and mobility aware key distribution in a multicast service