Інформаційне законодавство. Основні нормативні акти

Наведено основні нормативні акти з регулювання інформаційних відносин, зокрема, у сфері інформації, інформаційних агентств, телекомунікації, радіочастотного ресурсу України, інформатизації, телебачення тощо. Розраховано на студентів, які здобувають вищу освіту в галузях знань "Право", "Інформаційна безпека", "Комп'ютерні науки", "Телекомунікації"

Experiment assessment of mass effects in the rat_ implications for small animal PET imaging

In vivo imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) is important in the development of new radiopharmaceuticals in rodent animal models for use as biochemical probes, diagnostic agents, or in drug development. We have shown mathematically that, if small animal imaging studies in rodents are to have the same “quality” as human PET studies, the same number of coincidence events must be detected from a typical rodent imaging “voxel” as from the human imaging voxel. To achieve this using the same specifi activity preparation, we show that roughly the same total amount of radiopharmaceutical must be given to a rodent as to a human subject. At high specifi activities, the mass associated with human doses, when administered to a rodent, may not decrease the uptake of radioactivity at non saturable sites or sites where an enzyme has a high capacity for a substrate. However, in the case of binding sites of low density such as receptors, the increased mass injected could saturate the receptor and lead to physiologic effects and non-linear kinetics. Because of the importance of the mass injected for small animal PET imaging, we experimentally compared high and low mass preparations using ex vivo biodistribution and phosphorimaging of three compounds: 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucos (FDG), 6-fluoro-L-metatyrosin (FMT) and one receptor-directed compound, the serotonin 5HT1A receptor ligand, trans-4-fluoro-N-{2-[4-(2-methoxylphenyl piperazino]ethyl}-N-(2- pyridyl) cyclohexane- carboxamide (FCWAY). Changes in the mass injected per rat did not affect the distribution of FDG, FMT, and FCWAY in the range of 0.6 –1.9 nmol per rat. Changes in the target to nontarget ratio were observed for injected masses of FCWAY in the range of 5–50 nmol per rat. If the specifi activity of such compounds and/or the sensitivity of small animal scanners are not increased relative to human studies, small animal PET imaging will not correctly portray the “true” tracer distribution. These difficultie will only be exacerbated in animals smaller than the rat, e.g., mice.Publicad

Застосування інформаційних технологій в міжнародній торгівлі і на транспорті

This report describes the stable expression of a medically important antibody in the staple cereal crops rice and wheat. We successfully expressed a single-chain Fv antibody (ScFvT84.66) against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a well characterized tumor-associated marker antigen. scFv constructs were engineered for recombinant antibody targeting to the plant cell apoplast and ER. Up to 30 mg/g of functional recombinant antibody was detected in the leaves and seeds of wheat and rice. We confirmed that transgenic dry seeds could be stored for at least five months at room temperature, without significant loss of the amount or activity of scFvT84.66. Our results represent the first transition from model plant expression systems, such as tobacco and Arabidopsis, to widely cultivated cereal crops, such as rice and wheat, for expression of an antibody molecule that has already shown efficacy in clinical applications. Thus, we have established that molecular pharming in cereals can be a viable production system for such high-value pharmaceutical macromolecules. Our findings provide a strong foundation for exploiting alternative uses of cereal crops both in industrialized and developing countries

Halo based reconstruction of the cosmic mass density field

We present the implementation of a halo based method for the reconstruction of the cosmic mass density field. The method employs the mass density distribution of dark matter haloes and its environments computed from cosmological N-body simulations and convolves it with a halo catalog to reconstruct the dark matter density field determined by the distribution of haloes. We applied the method to the group catalog of Yang etal (2007) built from the SDSS Data Release 4. As result we obtain reconstructions of the cosmic mass density field that are independent on any explicit assumption of bias. We describe in detail the implementation of the method, present a detailed characterization of the reconstructed density field (mean mass density distribution, correlation function and counts in cells) and the results of the classification of large scale environments (filaments, voids, peaks and sheets) in our reconstruction. Applications of the method include morphological studies of the galaxy population on large scales and the realization of constrained simulations.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

Monitoring the correction of glycogen storage disease type 1a in a mouse model using [18F]FDG and a dedicated animal scanner

Monitoring gene therapy of glycogen storage disease type 1a in a mouse model was achieved using [18F]FDG and a dedicated animal scanner. The G6Pase knockout (KO) mice were compared to the same mice after infusion with a recombinant adenovirus containing the murine G6Pase gene (Ad-mG6Pase). Serial images of the same mouse before and after therapy were obtained and compared with wild-type (WT) mice of the same strain to determine the uptake and retention of [18F]FDG in the liver. Image data were acquired from heart, blood pool and liver for twenty minutes after injection of [18F]FDG. The retention of [18F]FDG was lower for the WT mice compared to the KO mice. The mice treated with adenovirus-mediated gene therapy had retention similar to that found in age-matched WT mice. These studies show that FDG can be used to monitor the G6Pase concentration in liver of WT mice as compared to G6Pase KO mice. In these mice, gene therapy returned the liver function to that found in age matched WT controls as measured by the FDG kinetics in the liver compared to that found in age matched wild type controlsPublicad

Initial results from a PET/planar small animal imaging system

A pair of stationary, opposed scintillation detectors in time coincidence is being used to create planar projection or tomographic images of small animals injected with positronemitting radiotracers. The detectors are comprised of arrays of individual crystals of bismuth germanate coupled to position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes. The system uses FERA (LeCroy Research Systems) charge-sensitive ADCs and a low cost digital YO board as a E R A bus-to-host bridge. In projection mode, the animal is placed within the 55 mm x 45 mm useful field-of-view of the detectors and images are formed from coincidence lines that fall close to the normals of both detectors. In tomographic mode, the animal is placed on a rotation stage between the detectors and rotated around a vertical axis to acquire all possible lines-of-response. Tomographic images are then reconstructed from those lines falling within a user-specified angle of each detector normal. In mice, the system is capable of high-speed, whole-body dynamic projection imaging, and whole body tomographic imaging of slowly varying tracer distributions. An ECG gating capability is also available for evaluating cardiac function. This system is currently being used to study tracer transport in normal and genetically engineered mice.Publicad

On the Hamilton-Jacobi Theory for Singular Lagrangian Systems

We develop a Hamilton-Jacobi theory for singular lagrangian systems using the Gotay-Nester-Hinds constraint algorithm. The procedure works even if the system has secondary constraints.Comment: 36 page

Adult cocaine-induced brain metabolic activation is altered in a sex-dependent manner by chronic periadolescent cannabinoid exposure in rats

[Poster] 4th European Molecular Imaging Meeting, Barcelona, Spain, May 27 - 30, 2009Cannabinoid exposure during the periadolescent period has been shown to augment the rates of cocaine self-administration in female but not male Wistar rats. However, how this cannabinoid history alters cocaine-induced brain activation remains unknownPublicad

Ernst Ferdinand Sauerbruch (1875-1951). El cirujano más influyente de la primera mitad del siglo XX

Ernst Ferdinand Sauerbruch is considered as one of the most relevant surgeons of the first half of the twentieth century. With a charismatic personality, he developed his activity in different university hospitals, highlighting those of Zurich, Munich and especially that of the Charité in Berlin. I make important contributions in the field of thoracic surgery, the treatment of hydrocephalus, thyroid surgery, and oncological surgery as well as other contributions such as the vacuum chamber to have the possibility of opening the thorax and intervening its organs or development of a prosthetic hand fundamentally usable by the amputee patients in World War I. He was a teacher of numerous German surgeons and of other countries. Its decline begins after the end of World War II when trying to continue operating suffering a progressive mental deterioration. The other controversial aspect of his figure, focuses on having actively participated both socially, academically and even politically during the National Socialist regime in Germany.Ernst Ferdinand Sauerbruch, se le considera como uno de los cirujanos más relevantes de la primera mitad del siglo XX. De una personalidad carismática, desarrolló su actividad en diferentes hospitales universitarios destacando los de Zúrich, Múnich y especialmente el de la Charité de Berlín. Realizo importantes aportaciones en el campo de la cirugía torácica, del tratamiento de la hidrocefalia, de la cirugía tiroidea, de la cirugía oncológica además de otras aportaciones como fue la cámara de vacío para tener la posibilidad de abrir el tórax e intervenir sus órganos o el desarrollo de una mano protésica fundamentalmente utilizable por los enfermos amputados en la I Guerra Mundial. Fue maestro de numerosos cirujanos alemanes y también de otros países. Su declive comienza tras terminar la Segunda Guerra Mundial al intentar seguir operando sufriendo un progresivo deterioro mental. El otro aspecto polémico de su figura, se centra al haber participado de forma activa tanto desde el punto de vista social, académico e incluso político durante el régimen nacionalsocialista en Alemania