Stress in Prefixed Disyllabic Verb/Noun Pairs

International audienceSummary of stress variation, data consistency between dictionaries, and detailed analysis of two parameters: frequency (from COCAE data) and vowel quality (full and/or reduced vowe

Sequence-specific protein aggregation generates defined protein knockdowns in plants

Protein aggregation is determined by short (5-15 amino acids) aggregation-prone regions (APRs) of the polypeptide sequence that self-associate in a specific manner to form beta-structured inclusions. Here, we demonstrate that the sequence specificity of APRs can be exploited to selectively knock down proteins with different localization and function in plants. Synthetic aggregation-prone peptides derived from the APRs of either the negative regulators of the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, the glycogen synthase kinase 3/Arabidopsis SHAGGY-like kinases (GSK3/ASKs), or the starch-degrading enzyme alpha-glucan water dikinase were designed. Stable expression of the APRs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and maize (Zea mays) induced aggregation of the target proteins, giving rise to plants displaying constitutive BR responses and increased starch content, respectively. Overall, we show that the sequence specificity of APRs can be harnessed to generate aggregation-associated phenotypes in a targeted manner in different subcellular compartments. This study points toward the potential application of induced targeted aggregation as a useful tool to knock down protein functions in plants and, especially, to generate beneficial traits in crops

Local brassinosteroid biosynthesis enables optimal root growth

Brassinosteroid hormones are indispensable for root growth and they control both cell division and cell elongation through the establishment of an increasing signaling gradient along the longitudinal root axis. Because of their limited mobility, the importance of brassinosteroid distribution for achieving the signaling maximum is largely overlooked. Expression pattern analysis of all known brassinosteroid biosynthetic enzymes revealed that not all cells in the Arabidopsis thaliana root possess full biosynthetic machinery and completion of biosynthesis relies on cell-to-cell movement of the hormone precursors. We demonstrate that brassinosteroid biosynthesis is largely restricted to the root elongation zone where it overlaps with brassinosteroid signaling maxima. Moreover, optimal root growth requires hormone concentrations, low in the meristem and high in the root elongation zone attributable to an increased biosynthesis. Our finding that spatiotemporal regulation of hormone synthesis results in a local hormone accumulation provides a paradigm for hormone-driven organ growth in the absence of long-distance hormone transport in plants

Vermist in de Ypres Salient. Duitse gesneuvelde in de s Graventafelstraat in Passendale (W.-Vl.). Eindverslag van een toevalsvondst

Tijdens infrastructuurwerken in de s Graventafelstraat ter hoogte van nummer 30 werd menselijk botmateriaal aangetroffen. Op basis van de locatie vermoedde men dat het een oorlogsslachtoffer betrof. Op basis van zijn uniformresten en persoonlijke bezittingen kan de nationaliteit van de soldaat als Duits bestempeld worden. Een verdere identificatie was onmogelijk

Endocytosis of BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 is partly driven by a canonical tyr-based motif

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and its core endocytic machinery are evolutionarily conserved across all eukaryotes. In mammals, the heterotetrameric adaptor protein complex-2 (AP-2) sorts plasma membrane (PM) cargoes into vesicles through the recognition of motifs based on tyrosine or di-leucine in their cytoplasmic tails. However, in plants, very little is known on how PM proteins are sorted for CME and whether similar motifs are required. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the brassinosteroid (BR) receptor, BR INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1), undergoes endocytosis that depends on clathrin and AP-2. Here we demonstrate that BRI1 binds directly to the medium AP-2 subunit, AP2M. The cytoplasmic domain of BRI1 contains five putative canonical surface-exposed tyrosine-based endocytic motifs. The tyrosine-to-phenylalanine substitution in Y898KAI reduced BRI1 internalization without affecting its kinase activity. Consistently, plants carrying the BRI1Y898F mutation were hypersensitive to BRs. Our study demonstrates that AP-2-dependent internalization of PM proteins via the recognition of functional tyrosine motifs also operates in plants

Ethical challenges conducting participative research with young people from gender minorities: a systematic review

Objective: The main objective of this review is to identify the methodological and ethical challenges associated with co-creation and participatory research with young people from gender minorities. A secondary objective is to identify areas of concern when parental consent is required for young people who have not yet disclosed their gender identity to their guardians. This may simply deter some young people from participating in the research. It also means that our research would only include young people in good terms with their guardians regarding to their gender identity.Introduction: Conducting research with young people from gender minorities is essential to explore and understand their experiences and be able to propose, implement and adapt ‘services’ in the broadest sense to meet their needs. However, there is little research conducted with trans* young people under the age of 18, which can undermine the relevance of prevention and intervention strategies. Most of the existing research is either retrospective and therefore makes it more difficult to take account societal changes, or requires the consent of guardians, which raises serious ethical and practical issues such as the systematic exclusion of a significant subgroup of trans* young people who may be most in need of support. The issue of obtaining parental or guardian consent for trans* minors arise in the specific context of participatory research. Obtaining parental consent may jeopardize their safety, well-being, or privacy, for example if their family is not supportive or not aware of their social transition. This puts young people's rights to autonomy, privacy, and freedom in tension with parents' rights to protect their children.Inclusion criteria: Given the diversity and evolution of terminology used when discussing gender minorities and gender identity, we should broaden the terminology used in the search to identify as much relevant literature as possible. Due to the ratification of the Yogyakarta Principles in 2006, our systematic review will include articles published from 2006 onward. In this review, we will consider studies that focused on qualitative data including, but not limited to, designs such as exploratory descriptive, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research, co-creation and, trans* studies. Qualitative components of mixed methods studies will also be included.Methods: The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase (Elsevier), Web of Science (webofknowledge.com). ProQuest Dissertations, Theses Sciences and Open Grey will be searched for grey literature. Studies will be assessed independently by two reviewers and disagreements will be resolved through discussion or with a third reviewer. Data extraction will be completed by two reviewers. Qualitative research findings will, where possible be pooled using JBI SUMARI with a meta- aggregation approach.Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO CRD42022368360info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe