290 research outputs found
Quantifying short-range correlations in nuclei
Background: Short-range correlations (SRC) are an important ingredient of the dynamics of nuclei.
Purpose: An approximate method to quantify the magnitude of the two-nucleon (2N) and three-nucleon (3N) short-range correlations and their mass dependence is proposed.
Method: The proposed method relies on the concept of the "universality" or "local nuclear character" of the SRC. We quantify the SRC by computing the number of independent-particle model (IPM) nucleon pairs and triples which reveal beyond-mean-field behavior. It is argued that those can be identified by counting the number of nucleon pairs and triples in a zero relative orbital momentum state. A method to determine the quantum numbers of pairs and triples in an arbitrary mean-field basis is outlined.
Results: The mass dependence of the 2N and 3N SRC is studied. The predictions are compared to measurements. This includes the ratio of the inclusive inelastic electron scattering cross sections of nuclei to H-2 and He-3 at large values of the Bjorken variable. Corrections stemming from the center-of-mass motion of the pairs are estimated.
Conclusions: We find that the relative probability per nucleon for 2N and 3N SRC has a soft dependence with mass number A and that the proton-neutron 2N SRC outnumber the proton-proton (neutron-neutron) 2N SRC. A linear relationship between the magnitude of the EMC effect and the predicted number of proton-neutron SRC pairs is observed. This provides support for the role of local nuclear dynamics on the EMC effect
Stylized features of single-nucleon momentum distributions
Nuclear short-range correlations (SRC) typically manifest themselves in the
tail parts of the single-nucleon momentum distributions. We propose an
approximate practical method for computing those SRC contributions to the
high-momentum parts. The framework adopted in this work is applicable
throughout the nuclear mass table and corrects mean-field models for central,
spin-isospin and tensor correlations by shifting the complexity induced by the
SRC from the wave functions to the operators. It is argued that the expansion
of these modified operators can be truncated to a low order. The proposed model
can generate the SRC-related high-momentum tail of the single-nucleon momentum
distribution. These are dominated by correlation operators acting on mean-field
pairs with vanishing relative radial and angular-momentum quantum numbers. The
proposed method explains the dominant role of proton-neutron pairs in
generating the SRC and accounts for the magnitude and mass dependence of SRC as
probed in inclusive electron scattering. It also provides predictions for the
ratio of the amount of correlated proton-proton to proton-neutron pairs which
are in line with the observations. In asymmetric nuclei, the correlations make
the average kinetic energy for the minority nucleons larger than for the
majority nucleons.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figure
Mass dependence of short-range correlations in nuclei and the EMC effect
An approximate method to quantify the mass dependence of the number of
two-nucleon (2N) short-range correlations (SRC) in nuclei is suggested. The
proposed method relies on the concept of the "local nuclear character" of the
SRC. We quantify the SRC and its mass dependence by computing the number of
independent-particle model (IPM) nucleon pairs in a zero relative orbital
momentum state. We find that the relative probability per nucleon for 2N SRC
follows a power law as a function of the mass number . The predictions are
connected to measurements which provide access to the mass dependence of SRC.
First, the ratio of the inclusive inelastic electron scattering cross sections
of nuclei to H at large values of the Bjorken variable. Second, the EMC
effect, for which we find a linear relationship between its magnitude and the
predicted number of SRC-prone pairs.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, preprint proceeding Thirty First International
Workshop on Nuclear Theory (IWNT31-2012), organized by the Nuclear Theory
Laboratory of the Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy of the
Bulgarian Academy of Science
Mass dependence of nuclear short- range correlations and the EMC effect
We sketch an approximate method to quantify the number of correlated pairs in
any nucleus . It is based on counting independent-particle model (IPM)
nucleon-nucleon pairs in a relative -state with no radial excitation. We
show that IPM pairs with those quantum numbers are most prone to short-range
correlations and are at the origin of the high-momentum tail of the nuclear
momentum distributions. Our method allows to compute the ratios extracted
from inclusive electron scattering. Furthermore, our results reproduce the
observed linear correlation between the number of correlated pairs and the
magnitude of the EMC effect. We show that the width of the pair center-of-mass
distribution in exclusive two-nucleon knockout yields information on the
quantum numbers of the pairs.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Based on a talk given at INPC 2013
(Firenze, June 2-7 2013). Minor changes in the text. Accepted for publication
in EPJ Web of conference
Counting the number of correlated pairs in a nucleus
We suggest that the number of correlated nucleon pairs in an arbitrary
nucleus can be estimated by counting the number of proton-neutron,
proton-proton, and neutron-neutron pairs residing in a relative state. We
present numerical calculations of those amounts for the nuclei He,
Be, C, Al, Ca, Ca, Fe, Cu, Ag, and Au. The results are used to predict the
values of the ratios of the per-nucleon electron-nucleus inelastic scattering
cross section to the deuteron in the kinematic regime where correlations
dominate.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
Factorization of exclusive electroinduced two-nucleon knockout
We investigate the factorization properties of the exclusive electroinduced
two-nucleon knockout reaction . A factorized expression for the
cross section is derived and the conditions for factorization are studied. The
cross section is shown to be proportional to the conditional
center-of-mass (c.m.) momentum distribution for close-proximity pairs in a
state with zero relative orbital momentum and zero radial quantum number. The
width of this conditional c.m. momentum distribution is larger than the one
corresponding with the full c.m. momentum distribution. It is shown that the
final-state interactions (FSIs) only moderately affect the shape of the
factorization function for the cross sections. Another prediction
of the proposed factorization is that the mass dependence of the
cross sections is much softer than .Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in PRC.
Small differences in discussion throughout article ("scaling" replaced by
"factorization"
Prospective associations between loneliness and emotional intelligence
Loneliness has been linked cross-sectionally to emotional skill deficits (e.g., Zysberg, 2012), but missing from the literature is a longitudinal examination of these relationships. The present study fills that gap by examining the prospective relationships between loneliness and emotional functioning in young adolescents in England. One hundred and ninety-six adolescents aged 11-13 years (90 females) took part in the study and completed the youth version of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT-YV) and the peer-related subscale of the Loneliness and Aloneness Scale for Children and Adolescents (LACA) at two time points, which were 10 months apart. Prospective associations were obtained for male and female adolescents separately using cross-lagged statistical techniques. Our results showed prospective links between understanding and managing emotions and loneliness for both females and males. Perceiving and using emotions were prospectively linked to loneliness in males only. Possible explanations and directions for future research are discussed
The Children’s Loneliness Scale : factor structure and construct validity in Belgian children
The present study examined the factor structure and construct validity of the Children's Loneliness Scale (CLS), a popular measure of childhood loneliness, in Belgian children. Analyses were conducted on two samples of fifth and sixth graders in Belgium, for a total of 1,069 children. A single-factor structure proved superior to alternative solutions proposed in the literature, when taking item wording into account. Construct validity was shown by substantial associations with related constructs, based on both self-reported (e.g., depressive symptoms and low social self-esteem), and peer-reported variables (e.g., victimization). Furthermore, a significant association was found between the CLS and a peer-reported measure of loneliness. Collectively, these findings provide a solid foundation for the continuing use of the CLS as a measure of childhood loneliness
What densities can be effectively probed in quasifree single-nucleon knockout reactions?
We address the issue whether quasifree single-nucleon knockout measurements
carry sufficient information about the nuclear interior. To this end, we
present comparisons of the reaction probability densities for and
in quasifree kinematics for the target nuclei He, C,
Fe, and Pb. We adopt a comprehensive framework based on the
impulse approximation and on a relativized extension of Glauber
multiple-scattering reaction theory in which the medium effects related to
short-range correlations (SRC) are implemented. It is demonstrated that SRC
weaken the effect of attenuation. For light target nuclei, both the quasifree
and can probe average densities of the same order as nuclear
saturation density . For heavy nuclei like Pb, the probed
average densities are smaller than and the reaction is
far more efficient in probing the bulk regions than .Comment: 11 pages, 12 figure
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