Soil presence reduces the control effectiveness of a slow-release formulation of pyriproxyfen on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae

Objective: To assess the influence of soil on the effectiveness of two new slow-release formulations (floating and non-floating) of pyriproxyfen coextruded with low-density polyethylene. Methods: Two slow-release devices were developed using low-density polyethylene, pyriproxyfen as larvicide and calcium carbonate as filler. A factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of soil presence on the performance of each device. Weekly bioassays were performed. Results: Soil presence affected treatment effectiveness, but this effect was associated with device type. The tablets were effective for nearly 3 months. Conclusion: Treatment effectiveness could be reduced because of the loss of pyriproxyfen by several physico-chemical processes such as adsorption into the soil.Fil: Junges, Melania Teresita. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones e Ingeniería Ambiental. Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Harburguer, Laura Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Lorenzo, Maria Cecilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Eisenberg, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Masuh, Hector Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Carbajo, Anibal Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones e Ingeniería Ambiental. Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Plagas y enfermedades en los cultivos cítricos

Proyecto FONTAGRO ATN/RF-17232-RG - Control Sustentable del vector Huanglongbing (HLB) en la Agricultura Familiar (AF) en Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay y BoliviaEn este Módulo abordaremos qué plagas y enfermedades se pueden desarrollar en el cultivo de cítricos. ¿Cómo lo haremos? A partir de reconocer la definición e identificación de las plagas y las enfermedades en el monitoreo profundizaremos en las más importantes que pueden afectar a los cultivos cítricos, como así también en los insectos benéficos. Las actividades serán: La elaboración de una Guía de Enfermedades, Plagas e Insectos Benéficos. Un segundo registro de monitoreo individual.Centro de Investigación en Economía y ProspectivaFil: Di Masi, Susana Noemi. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Alto Valle; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre, Máximo Raúl Alcides. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; ArgentinaFil: Carbajo Romero, Maria Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Carrizo, Beatriz Noemi. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Peralta, Carmen Ofelia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria El Colorado; ArgentinaFil: Lombardo, Edgardo Pascual. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mercedes. Agencia de Extensión Rural Monte Caseros; ArgentinaFil: Hochmaier, Vanesa Elisabet. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; ArgentinaFil: Vazquez, Daniel Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; ArgentinaFil: Mitidieri, Mariel Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; Argentin

Enhancement of Late Successional Plants on Ex-Arable Land by Soil Inoculations

Restoration of species-rich grasslands on ex-arable land can help the conservation of biodiversity but faces three big challenges: absence of target plant propagules, high residual soil fertility and restoration of soil communities. Seed additions and top soil removal can solve some of these constraints, but restoring beneficial biotic soil conditions remains a challenge. Here we test the hypotheses that inoculation of soil from late secondary succession grasslands in arable receptor soil enhances performance of late successional plants, especially after top soil removal but pending on the added dose. To test this we grew mixtures of late successional plants in arable top (organic) soil or in underlying mineral soil mixed with donor soil in small or large proportions. Donor soils were collected from different grasslands that had been under restoration for 5 to 41 years, or from semi-natural grassland that has not been used intensively. Donor soil addition, especially when collected from older restoration sites, increased plant community biomass without altering its evenness. In contrast, addition of soil from semi-natural grassland promoted plant community evenness, and hence its diversity, but reduced community biomass. Effects of donor soil additions were stronger in mineral than in organic soil and larger with bigger proportions added. The variation in plant community composition was explained best by the abundances of nematodes, ergosterol concentration and soil pH. We show that in controlled conditions inoculation of soil from secondary succession grassland into ex-arable land can strongly promote target plant species, and that the role of soil biota in promoting target plant species is greatest when added after top soil removal. Together our results point out that transplantation of later secondary succession soil can promote grassland restoration on ex-arable land

Abiotic characteristics of the soils at the start of the experiment.

<p>Abiotic characteristics of the soils at the start of the experiment.</p

<i>Antennaria dioica</i> total dry biomass (mg dw/pot) in relation to soil inoculum from the main experiment.

<p><i>Antennaria dioica</i> total dry biomass (mg dw/pot) in relation to soil inoculum from the main experiment.</p

Total plant community biomass in relation to soil treatments.

<p>Treatments are arable top soil (organic) or soil from the lower layer (mineral) mixed with a 1∶1 (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0021943#pone-0021943-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1a</a>) or 1∶5 (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0021943#pone-0021943-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1b</a>) proportion of donor soil from early (E1 and E2), mid (M1 and M2) or late (L1 and L2) successional restoration grasslands or without donor soil (None). Bars are means ±1 SE, N = 6 for donor soils and N = 12 for ‘none’. Bars not sharing the same letter are significant different at <i>P</i><0.05 with capital letters indicating main effect of donor soil, small case letters indicate effect of donor×receptor soil.</p

Effect of proportion of donor soil added on total plant community biomass.

<p>Soil was mixed in a proportion of 1∶1 or 1∶5 donor∶receptor soil. Significance between proportions within donor soil origin: ns = non significant, (*) <i>P</i> = 0.05, ** <i>P</i><0.01, *** <i>P</i><0.001.</p

Biotic soil characteristics of unmixed field soils at the start of the experiment.

<p>For nematodes abundances are given for their total and per feeding group (bacterial, plant, fungal feeders, omni- and carnivores).</p

Codes of field sites, time since abandonment and plant association.

<p>Field age = years since abandonment. Lat. = Latitude (°N), Long. = Longitude (°E).</p>1<p>According to Schaminée <i>et al.</i><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0021943#pone.0021943-Schamine1" target="_blank">[38]</a>.</p