The Mediating Role of Lean Soft Tissue in the Relationship between Somatic Maturation and Bone Density in Adolescent Practitioners and Non-Practitioners of Sports

This study aimed to identify the mediating effect of lean soft tissue (LST) in the association between somatic maturation and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adolescents by sex and sport participation. The sample included 558 adolescents (401 males, mean age of 14.0 years) that were practitioners of sports (11 sport modalities, n = 402) and a non-sport group (n = 157). Somatic maturation was assessed by using a validated peak height velocity prediction equation. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess aBMD (upper and lower limbs, spine and total body less head—TBLH) and LST. For both sexes, LST mediated the association between somatic maturation and aBMD at all skeletal sites (mediation percentage ranging from 36.3% to 75.4%). For sport and non-sport groups, the LST also mediated the association between somatic maturation and aBMD at all skeletal sites (mediation percentage ranging from 51.6% to 85.6%). The direct effect was observed in all groups, except for lower limbs and TBLH in the non-sport group. The association between somatic maturation and aBMD was mediated by LST in adolescents of both sexes and regardless of involvement in organized sports. Our findings highlighted the role of improving LST to mitigate the association of somatic maturation with aBMD.São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (FAPESP Process 2013/06963-5, 2015/13543-8, 2016/06920-2, 2017/09182-5, 2018/24164-6 and 2015/19710-3)FAPESP (2017/27234-2)FAPESP (2016/20354-0)“La Caixa” Foundation within the Junior Leader fellowship programme (ID 100010434; code LCF/BQ/PR19/11700007

First Report and Comparative Genomics Analysis of a blaOXA-244-Harboring Escherichia coli Isolate Recovered in the American Continent

The carbapenemase OXA-244 is a derivate of OXA-48, and its detection is very difficult in laboratories. Here, we report the identification and genomic analysis of an Escherichia coli isolate (28Eco12) harboring the blaOXA-244 gene identified in Colombia, South America. The 28Eco12 isolate was identified during a retrospective study, and it was recovered from a patient treated in Colombia. The complete nucleotide sequence was established using the PacBio platform. A comparative genomics analysis with other blaOXA-244–harboring Escherichia coli strains was performed. The 28Eco12 isolate belonged to sequence type (ST) 38, and its genome was composed of two molecules, a chromosome of 5,343,367 bp and a plasmid of 92,027 bp, which belonged to the incompatibility group IncY and did not harbor resistance genes. The blaOXA-244 gene was chromosomally encoded and mobilized by an ISR1-related Tn6237 composite transposon. Notably, this transposon was inserted and located within a new genomic island. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a blaOXA-244–harboring Escherichia coli isolate in America. Our results suggest that the introduction of the OXA-244-producing E. coli isolate was through clonal expansion of the ST38 pandemic clone. Other isolates producing OXA-244 could be circulating silently in America.</jats:p

First complete Providencia rettgeri genome sequence, the NDM-1-producing clinical strain RB151

© 2017 Marquez-Ortiz et al. Providencia rettgeri is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen of clinical significance due to its association with urinary tract infections and multidrug resistance. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of P. rettgeri. The genome of strain RB151 consists of a 4.8-Mbp chromosome and a 108-kbp blaNDM-1-positive plasmid

Categorizing ten sports according to bone and soft tissue profiles in adolescents

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins via the DOI in this recordPurpose: Considering the different loading and training characteristics of the sports practiced during growth, it is important to specify and categorize the bone and soft tissue adaptations in adolescent athletes. This study aimed to categorize ten different loading sports and a non-sport group and identify the differences in bone density and soft tissues. Methods: The sample included 625 adolescents (10 to 17 years of age) of ten sports (soccer, basketball, volleyball, track & field, judo, karate, kung-fu, gymnastics, baseball and swimming) and a non-sport group. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry assessed areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) and soft tissues (lean soft tissue and fat mass). The results were adjusted for sex, peak height velocity (PHV) status, lean soft tissue, fat mass and weekly training volume. Results: The comparisons among groups showed that soccer had the highest whole body aBMD (mean SEM: 1.082 g/cm2 0.007) and lower limbs aBMD (1.302g/cm2 0.010). Gymnastics presented the highest upper limbs (0.868 g/cm2 0.012) and whole body BMAD (0.094 g/cm2 0.001). Swimming presented the lowest aBMD values in all skeletal sites (except at the upper limbs) and whole body BMAD. The soft tissue comparisons showed that soccer had the highest lean soft tissue (43.8 kg 0.7). The lowest fat mass was found in gymnastics (8.04 kg 1.0). Conclusion: The present study investigated and categorised for the first time ten different sports according to bone density and soft tissue profiles. Soccer and gymnastics sport groups found to have the highest bone density in most body segments and both sports were among the groups with the lowest fat mass

Emergence and spread of a new community-genotype methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone in Colombia

© 2017 The Author(s). Background: Community-genotype methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CG-MRSA) clones are a global concern due to their resistance and increased virulence and their ability to cause infections both hospitalized patients and healthy people in the community. Here, we characterize 32 isolates of a new CG-MRSA clone. These isolates were identified in four cities in Colombia, South America. Methods: The isolates were recovered from four different epidemiological and prospective studies that were conducted in several regions of Colombia. Molecular characterizations included multilocus sequence typing; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; SCCmec, agr and spa typing; and whole-genome sequencing. Results: All isolates belonged to ST923 (clonal complex 8), harbouring SCCmec IVa and a spa type t1635 and lacking an arginine catabolism mobile element. The isolates were classified as COL923, were resistant to at least one non-beta-lactam antibiotic, and exhibited high frequencies (>60%) of resistance to macrolides and tetracycline. Using whole-genome sequencing, we found that this new clone harbours novel prophage 3 and beta-island structures and a slightly different pathogenicity island 5. Moreover, isolates belonging to the COL923 clone are grouped in a different clade than USA300 and USA300-LV. Conclusion: Our results show the emergence and spread of the COL923 clone in different cities in Colombia. This clone is resistant to several antibiotics and possesses new structures in its mobile genetic elements

Relationship between vigorous physical activity and health care costs among adolescents: ABCD Growth Study

Availability of data and materials: The data collected and analyzed during this study are stored by the authors upon authorization by the leader of the Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE) which involves the ABCD Growth Study.Copyright © The Author(s) 2022. Background: The relationship between physical activity and health care costs among adolescents is not yet clear in the literature. Objective: To analyze the relationship between physical activity and annual health care costs among adolescents. Methods: The present sample was composed of 85 adolescents of both sexes with ages ranging from 11 to 18 years (mean age 15.6 ± 2.1). Health care costs were self‐reported every month for 12 months, and information on health care values was verified with local pharmacies, private health care plans, and the National Health Service. The time spent in different physical activity intensities was objectively measured by accelerometers. Confounding variables were: sex, age, somatic maturation, body fatness, blood pressure, and components of dyslipidemia and insulin resist‐ ance. Multivariate models were generated using generalized linear models with gamma distribution and a log‐link function. Results: The overall annual health care cost was US$733.60/ R$ 2,342.38 (medication: US$400.46 / R$ 1,278.66; primary and secondary care: US$333.14 / R$ 1,063.70). The time spent in vigorous physical activity (minutes/day) was negatively related to health care costs (r = ‐0.342 [95% CI: ‐0.537,—0.139]; β = ‐0.06 cents (95% CI: ‐0.089, ‐0.031). Conclusion: Vigorous physical activity seems to be associated with lower health care costs among adolescents.CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico); CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil - Finance Code 001); São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP RAF (Process: 2018/22593-7); WT (Process: 2018/09131-4))

Human sulfatase transiently and functionally active expressed in E. coli K12

The recombinant human iduronate 2-sulfate sulfatase (hrIDS) was transiently and functionally active expressed in E. coli K12. The enzyme activity (crude extract) at 100 ml and 400 ml oscillated between 0.25 and 10.58 nmol h-1 mg-1. The wide Western-blot peptide profile suggest that hrIDS is proteolitically processed \u201crandomly\u201d which agrees with the ultrafiltration assay in which the hrIDS activity was found in all fractions (&lt;30kDa, 30-100kDa and &gt;100kDa). No glycation sites were found by computer analysis of the hIDS sequence; discarding the possibility of marks for glycation and proteolytic processing

Within patient genetic diversity of blaKPC harboring Klebsiellapneumoniae in a Colombian hospital and identification of a new NTEKPC platform

AbstractResistance to carbapenems in Klebsiellapneumoniae has been mostly related with the worldwide dissemination of KPC, largely due to the pandemic clones belonging to the complex clonal (CC) 258. To unravel blaKPC post-endemic clinical impact, here we describe clinical characteristics of 68 patients from a high complexity hospital, and the molecular and genetic characteristics of their 139 blaKPC—K.pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) isolates. Of the 26 patients that presented relapses or reinfections, 16 had changes in the resistance profiles of the isolates recovered from the recurrent episodes. In respect to the genetic diversity of KPC-Kp isolates, PFGE revealed 45 different clonal complexes (CC). MLST for 12 representative clones showed ST258 was present in the most frequent CC (23.0%), however, remaining 11 representative clones belonged to non-CC258 STs (77.0%). Interestingly, 16 patients presented within-patient genetic diversity of KPC-Kp clones. In one of these, three unrelated KPC-Kp clones (ST258, ST504, and ST846) and a blaKPC—K.variicola isolate (ST182) were identified. For this patient, complete genome sequence of one representative isolate of each clone was determined. In K.pneumoniae isolates blaKPC was mobilized by two Tn3-like unrelated platforms: Tn4401b (ST258) and Tn6454 (ST504 and ST846), a new NTEKPC-IIe transposon for first time characterized also determined in the K.variicola isolate of this study. Genome analysis showed these transposons were harbored in different unrelated but previously reported plasmids and in the chromosome of a K.pneumoniae (for Tn4401b). In conclusion, in the blaKPC post-endemic dissemination in Colombia, different KPC-Kp clones (mostly non-CC258) have emerged due to integration of the single blaKPC gene in new genetic platforms. This work also shows the intra-patient resistant and genetic diversity of KPC-Kp isolates. This circulation dynamic could impact the effectiveness of long-term treatments.</jats:p

Three dimensional structure directs T-cell epitope dominance associated with allergy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>CD4+ T-cell epitope immunodominance is not adequately explained by peptide selectivity in class II major histocompatibility proteins, but it has been correlated with adjacent segments of conformational flexibility in several antigens.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The published T-cell responses to two venom allergens and two aeroallergens were used to construct profiles of epitope dominance, which were correlated with the distribution of conformational flexibility, as measured by crystallographic B factors, solvent-accessible surface, COREX residue stability, and sequence entropy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Epitopes associated with allergy tended to be excluded from and lie adjacent to flexible segments of the allergen.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>During the initiation of allergy, the N- and/or C-terminal ends of proteolytic processing intermediates were preferentially loaded into antigen presenting proteins for the priming of CD4+ T cells.</p