Cable Traffic and the First Amendment Must-Carry Under a Diversity Approach and Antitrust as Possible Alternative

Recent technological progress in the field of telecommunications has greatly changed the competitive structure between broadcasters, cable operators, and telephone companies. The legal and economic environment for these media participants has shifted, and new problems have arisen. One major problem is the enhanced threat of concentration of media corporations, as corporate bigness becomes desirable and the number of diversified owners of media outlets continues to decrease. This paper analyzes broadcasting regulations and subsequent case law to show the concern by the legislature and regulatory agencies to preserve diversity in opinion and media-ownership through emphasis on “localism” and a “marketplace of ideas.” Specifically, this paper will examine the controversy around the constitutional validity of “must-carry” rules enacted by the FCC in 1965. This paper also analyzes current antitrust law to examine if and to what extent antitrust could serve as an alternative means for local broadcasters to seek carriage on the cable system

Documenting archaeological thin sections in high-resolution: A comparison of methods and discussion of applications

Optical thin section observations represent the core empirical basis for most micromorphological interpretations at archaeological sites. These observations, which often vary in size and shape, are usually documented through digital graphic representations such as photomicrographs, scans, or figures. Due to variability in documentation practices, however, visual thin section data can be captured with a range of methods and in many different formats and resolutions. In this paper, we compare and evaluate five common image‐based methods for documenting thin sections in high‐resolution: a flatbed scanner, a film scanner, a macro photography rig, and conventional stereo and light microscopes. Through the comparison results, we demonstrate that advances in digital imaging technology now allow for fast and high‐resolution visual recording of entire thin sections up to at least ×30 magnification. We suggest that adopting a digital micromorphological documentation practice has several advantages. First, a digital thin section may be observed more efficiently and consistently, for example, on a computer screen, and the spatial configuration of large or complex features may be more accurately documented. Second, they allow for the establishment of digital repositories that may promote scientific reproducibility and inter‐laboratory communication, as well as lay the foundations for more consensus‐based educational training of archaeological micromorphology.publishedVersio

Pixel+ : visualising our heritage

In recent years more advanced imaging techniques have been introduced to study, document, curate and preserve our heritage. Pixel+ focuses on two of them: Reflectance Transformation Imaging/Polynomial Texture Mapping and the Portable Light Dome

Revisiting History

The past few years have witnessed a renewed interest in vintage and vernacular photography and photographic archives in general. This increase in attention is clearly reflected within the arts. More and more photographers/artists blend their own creations with existing photographs or use vintage photography and old techniques as a basis for new works of art. This article highlights some of the finest examples of this artistic practice, by artists such as Mark Klett, Simon Norfolk, Shimon Attie, Sally Mann and Broomberg and Chanarin. Each one of them, in his or her own way, revisits history using early photography as a point of access

Picturing Sagalassos. The Archive as a Bridge between Past and Present

Abstract Photography has, right from the beginning, a close relationship with archaeology. Although primarily used as a scientific recording tool, photography can bring much more to archaeology. “(in)site Sagalassos”, a practice based research project, tries to broaden the archaeological practice based on a new lecture of the early photographic heritage. Archives can, in that sense, act as a bridge between past and present. Résumé La photographie a, dès ses origines, eu des rapports privilégiés avec l’archéologie. Sa fonction archéologique ne peut être réduite à celle d’enregistrement et de documentation. Le présent article se propose de discuter les enjeux d’un projet artistique dans le domaine de la photographie archéologique : « (in)site Sagalassos ». Un des traits spécifiques de ce projet est le dialogue créateur avec la photographie ancienne et la reconceptualisation de l’archive comme passerelle entre passé et présent.status: publishe

High-resolution photography for soil micromorphology slide documentation (poster)

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Imaging with photometric stereo for Manuscript & Conservation Research

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High-resolution photography for soil micromorphological slide documentation

It is common practice today in soil micromorphology to scan slides with a flatbed scanner for slide documentation as well as for mesoscopic scale observation. However, the imagery produced by flatbed scanners often results in boundaries becoming diffuse when zooming in, a side effect of the continuously changing refraction of light caused by the moving scan head. This can be restricting or even unsatisfactory to specialists who rely on such imagery and while alternatives exist, their availability or suitability is not always guaranteed. This paper describes two variations on a static high-resolution image acquisition method using a professional camera and common attributes of a standard photography studio. Minor postphotography processing too can be done with commonly used software packages. The presented method results in pictures with a resolution of 36 million pixels per image, providing high enough quality and resolution (approximately 4200 dpi) to allow the soil micromorphology practitioner to navigate the entire mesoscopic spectrum and as such offers a continuum of observation from the macroscopic scale to the optical microscopic observation at low (40×) magnification.status: publishe