Upper Devonian mercury record from North America and its implications for the Frasnian–Famennian mass extinction

The Frasnian–Famennian biotic crisis (~372 Ma) was one of the “big five” mass extinction events in the Phanerozoic. This event was associated with dramatic climatic and oceanographic perturbations, including oceanic anoxia, global cooling, sea-level fluctuations. Large-scale volcanic activity is one of several possible triggers that have been suggested as the ultimate cause of this crisis, based on Hg enrichment data from widespread sections. However, there are also sections that do not show a Hg enrichment across the Frasnian–Famennian boundary. To further investigate the hypothesis of a volcanic trigger for the Frasnian–Famennian mass extinction event, mercury (Hg) analyses were performed on six North American records (five from the Appalachian Basin and one in the Illinois Basin) that include the Frasnian–Famennian boundary. There is no uniformly observed Hg enrichment at or below the Frasnian–Famennian boundary across the six sites. A potentially volcanically driven Hg anomaly is found in the Illinois Basin; however, the Hg enrichment occurs stratigraphically above the Frasnian–Famennian boundary. Mercury records from the studied sites question the timing of the volcanism that may be responsible for the mass extinction event. Further studies are needed to fully understand the geographic distribution and eruption history of the large igneous provinces, as well as the link between Hg and volcanism during the Frasnian–Famennian interval

The tobacco Ntann12 gene, encoding an annexin, is induced upon Rhodoccocus fascians infection and during leafy gall development

SUMMARY Annexins are calcium-binding proteins that have been associated in plants with different biological processes such as responses to abiotic stress and early nodulation stages. Until now, the implication of annexins during plant-pathogen interactions has not been reported. Here, a novel plant annexin gene induced in tobacco BY-2 cell suspension cultures infected with the phytopathogenic bacterium Rhodococcus fascians (strain D188) has been identified. Expression of this gene, called Ntann12, is also induced, but to a lower extent, by a strain (D188-5) that is unable to induce leafy gall formation. This gene was also induced in BY-2 cells infected with Pseudomonas syringae but not in cells infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens or Escherichia coli. Ntann12 expression was also found to be stimulated by abiotic stress, including NaCl and abscissic acid, confirming a putative role in stress signal transduction pathways. In addition, promoter-GUS analyses using homozygous transgenic tobacco seedlings showed that the developmentally controlled expression of Ntann12 is altered upon R. fascians infection. Finally, up-regulation of Ntann12 during leafy gall ontogenesis was confirmed by RT-qPCR. Discussion is focused on the potential role of Ntann12 in biotic and abiotic stress responses and in plant development, both processes that may involve Ca(2+)-dependent signalling.FLWINinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Procédures d'échantillonnage pour la conservation des espèces aquacoles dans la cryobanque nationale

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Étude concernant l’actualisation, la définition et les exemples de valorisation des races locales, rustiques, menacéesVolet 1 -Races menacées - Actualisation des listes de races menacées - Extension de la réflexion aux abeilles et aux espèces aquacoles

In continuation of the FEADER 2014-2022 program, the Agro-Environmental and Climate Measure “Protection of Endangered Breeds” (MAEC PRM) aims to provide economic support to breeders who have chosen to preserve and reproduce breed animals. with low population size.The PRM system concerns breeds for which the State is responsible for the preservation as genetic resources, according to the 1992 Rio Convention, that is to say native breeds or locally adapted breeds within the meaning of the FAO. Among these breeds, PRM only concerns local breeds. The first step in the study was therefore to draw up, for each species, the list of breeds that could be qualified in this way. Then, the method which had been defined in 2014 was the subject of a critical analysis and, consequently, of some adjustments. Finally, the most complete and up-to-date data possible was gathered in order to establish, according to the method chosen, the degree of threat.Dans la continuité de la programmation FEADER 2014-2022, la Mesure Agro-Environnementale et Climatique « Protection des Races Menacées » (MAEC PRM) vise à accompagner économiquement les éleveurs ayant fait le choix de conserver et de mettre à la reproduction des animaux de races à faibles effectifs.Le dispositif PRM concerne les races dont l’État est garant de la préservation en tant que ressource génétique, selon la Convention de Rio de 1992, c’est-à-dire les races natives ou les races localement adaptées au sens de la FAO. Parmi ces races-là, la PRM ne concerne que les races locales. La première étape de l’étude a donc été de dresser, pour chaque espèce, la liste des races pouvant être qualifiées de la sorte. Ensuite, la méthode qui avait été définie en 2014 a fait l’objet d’une analyse critique et, en conséquence, de quelques aménagements. Enfin, les données les plus complètes et les plus actualisées possibles ont été rassemblées afin d’établir, selon la méthode retenue, le degré de menace

Étude concernant l’actualisation, la définition et les exemples de valorisation des races locales, rustiques, menacéesVolet 1 -Races menacées - Actualisation des listes de races menacées - Extension de la réflexion aux abeilles et aux espèces aquacoles

In continuation of the FEADER 2014-2022 program, the Agro-Environmental and Climate Measure “Protection of Endangered Breeds” (MAEC PRM) aims to provide economic support to breeders who have chosen to preserve and reproduce breed animals. with low population size.The PRM system concerns breeds for which the State is responsible for the preservation as genetic resources, according to the 1992 Rio Convention, that is to say native breeds or locally adapted breeds within the meaning of the FAO. Among these breeds, PRM only concerns local breeds. The first step in the study was therefore to draw up, for each species, the list of breeds that could be qualified in this way. Then, the method which had been defined in 2014 was the subject of a critical analysis and, consequently, of some adjustments. Finally, the most complete and up-to-date data possible was gathered in order to establish, according to the method chosen, the degree of threat.Dans la continuité de la programmation FEADER 2014-2022, la Mesure Agro-Environnementale et Climatique « Protection des Races Menacées » (MAEC PRM) vise à accompagner économiquement les éleveurs ayant fait le choix de conserver et de mettre à la reproduction des animaux de races à faibles effectifs.Le dispositif PRM concerne les races dont l’État est garant de la préservation en tant que ressource génétique, selon la Convention de Rio de 1992, c’est-à-dire les races natives ou les races localement adaptées au sens de la FAO. Parmi ces races-là, la PRM ne concerne que les races locales. La première étape de l’étude a donc été de dresser, pour chaque espèce, la liste des races pouvant être qualifiées de la sorte. Ensuite, la méthode qui avait été définie en 2014 a fait l’objet d’une analyse critique et, en conséquence, de quelques aménagements. Enfin, les données les plus complètes et les plus actualisées possibles ont été rassemblées afin d’établir, selon la méthode retenue, le degré de menace

Les races locales menacées d’abandon en France : actualisation des listes et extension de la démarche à de nouvelles espèces

International audienceLocal livestock breeds can be considered endangered of abandonment based on various indicators, firstly the number of breeding females at a given time. In 2022, 167 livestock breeds among 199 were considered endangered. The paper then shows how the approach can be extended in the case of species where the notion of breed is not operational in France, namely the honey bee and aquaculture species.Les races locales d'animaux d'élevage peuvent être considérées comme menacées d'abandon sur la base de divers indicateurs, en premier lieu du nombre de femelles reproductrices à un moment donné. En 2022, 167 races locales françaises de mammifères et de volailles de ferme, sur un total de 199, ont ainsi été déclarées menacées d'abandon. L'article présente ensuite comment la démarche peut se décliner dans le cas d'espèces où la notion de race n'est pas opératoire en France, à savoir l'abeille et les espèces aquacoles