540 research outputs found
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of dementia in europe. estimates from the highest-quality studies adopting the dsm iv diagnostic criteria
BACKGROUND:
Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is one of the most burdensome medical conditions. Usually, the reviews that aim at calculating the prevalence of dementia include estimates from studies without assessing their methodological quality. Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI) proposed a score to assess the methodological quality of population-based studies aimed at estimating the prevalence of dementia. During the last three years, the European Commission has funded three projects (Eurodem, EuroCoDe, and ALCOVE) in order to estimate the prevalence of dementia in Europe.
OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of data on the prevalence of dementia in Europe derived from studies that included only subjects with a diagnosis of dementia according to the DSM IV criteria, and that had a high quality score according to ADI criteria.
METHODS:
We considered the studies selected by the two projects EuroCoDe (1993-2007) and Alcove (2008-2011), and we performed a new bibliographic search. For the systematic review, we only selected the subset of articles that included subjects with a diagnosis of dementia according to the DSM IV criteria. The studies were qualitatively assessed using the ADI tool.
RESULTS:
The meta-analysis considered 9 studies that were carried out in Europe between 1993 and 2018 including a total of 18,263 participants, of which 2,137 were diagnosed with dementia. The prevalence rate standardized for age and sex resulted 7.1%.
DISCUSSION:
This is the first systematic review on the prevalence of dementia in Europe considering only high-quality studies adopting the same diagnostic criteria (i.e., DSM IV)
Decarbonising the Swedish road transport sector
Road transport contributes to around one-fifth of the EU’s total CO2 emissions and is the only major sector in the EU where greenhouse gas emissions are still rising. Swedish road transport causes 30% of all emissions. Addressing transport emissions is therefore crucial for meeting the Paris Agreement commitments on climate change. The Swedish government aims to have a fossil-independent vehicle fleet by 2050; moreover, an emissions reduction target for the road transport sector of 80% (compared to 2010) by 2030 has been suggested. The government-initiated investigation ‘Fossilfrihet på väg’ sets out potential pathways, but a knowledge gap currently remains in regard to which path would be the most beneficial or least burdensome in terms of macroeconomic effects while still decarbonising the road transport sector. This paper contributes to fill that knowledge gap by applying a vehicle stock modelling framework and a demand-driven global econometric model (E3ME) and by evaluating different technology pathways for Sweden to meet the 2030 and 2050 government targets. The stock model has been adjusted to be consistent with ‘Fossilfrihet på väg’ and uses technology deployment and cost estimates to model the Swedish vehicle stock emissions in three technology-driven scenarios. The analysis shows that decarbonisation of transport can have positive impacts upon the Swedish economy, primarily through the replacement of imported fossil fuels with domestically produced electricity and biomass, while a further stimulus is provided by the construction of infrastructure to support electric vehicle recharging and fuel cell refuelling. Through quick action to encourage the deployment of new technologies and powertrains into the vehicle stock, plus policies aimed at promoting the domestic production of sustainable biomass, Sweden can maximise the potential gains from the decarbonisation process
An estimate of attributable cases of alzheimer disease and vascular dementia due to modifiable risk factors. the impact of primary prevention in europe and in italy
Background:
Up to 53.7% of all cases of dementia are assumed to be due to Alzheimer disease (AD), while 15.8% are considered to be due to vascular dementia (VaD). In Europe, about 3 million cases of AD could be due to 7 potentially modifiable risk factors: diabetes, midlife hypertension and/or obesity, physical inactivity, depression, smoking, and low educational level.
Aims:
To estimate the number of VaD cases in Europe and the number of AD and VaD cases in Italy attributable to these 7 potentially modifiable risk factors.
Methods:
Assuming the nonindependence of the 7 risk factors, the adjusted combined population attributable risk (PAR) was estimated for AD and VaD.
Results:
In Europe, adjusted combined PAR was 31.4% for AD and 37.8% for VaD. The total number of attributable cases was 3,033,000 for AD and 873,000 for VaD. In Italy, assuming a 20% reduction of the prevalence of each risk factor, adjusted combined PAR decreased from 45.2 to 38.9% for AD and from 53.1 to 46.6% for VaD, implying a 6.4 and 6.5% reduction in the prevalence of AD and VaD, respectively.
Conclusion:
A relevant reduction of AD and VaD cases in Europe and Italy could be obtained through primary prevention
Compositional and Morphological Characterization of ‘Sorrento’ and ‘Chandler’ Walnuts
In Italy, most of the cultivated walnuts belong to the Sorrento ecotype, and they are
considered commercially valuable due to their specific organoleptic characteristics. The aim of this
study is to evaluate and compare the morphological and compositional characteristics of walnuts
sampled from ‘Sorrento’ trees cultivated in different locations in Campania and trees of both the
‘Chandler’ and ‘Sorrento’ varieties derived from the same location. The results demonstrated that
‘Sorrento’ and ‘Chandler’ walnuts have different biometric characteristics and a different fat content,
with the highest fat content being found in the ‘Sorrento’ variety. Regarding the fatty acid (FA)
composition, the content of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids (MUFAs and SFAs) was
highest in the ‘Sorrento’ variety (from 13 to 15% for MUFAs and from 11 to 13% for SFAs), while
the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) content was highest in the ‘Chandler’ variety (77%). The
total phenolics content (TPC) was highest in the ‘Sorrento’ variety (from 910 to 1230 mg GAE/100 g),
while no difference in γ-tocopherol content was found. Furthermore, the influence of walnut area
cultivation was shown for fat content, FA composition and TPC. Therefore, both walnut varieties
demonstrated good nutritional properties considering the PUFAs and γ-tocopherol conten
Laser-Induced Skyrmion Writing and Erasing in an Ultrafast Cryo-Lorentz Transmission Electron Microscopy
We demonstrate that light-induced heat pulses of different duration and
energy can write skyrmions in a broad range of temperatures and magnetic field
in FeGe. Using a combination of camera-rate and pump-probe cryo-Lorentz
Transmission Electron Microscopy, we directly resolve the spatio-temporal
evolution of the magnetization ensuing optical excitation. The skyrmion lattice
was found to maintain its structural properties during the laser-induced
demagnetization, and its recovery to the initial state happened in the
sub-{\mu}s to {\mu}s range, depending on the cooling rate of the system
Florence robotic intracorporeal neobladder (FloRIN): a new reconfiguration strategy developed following the IDEAL guidelines.
Signal transduction of mineralocorticoid and angiotensin ii receptors in the central control of sodium appetite: A narrative review
Sodium appetite is an innate behavior occurring in response to sodium depletion that induces homeostatic responses such as the secretion of the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone from the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and the stimulation of the peptide hormone angiotensin II (ANG II). The synergistic action of these hormones signals to the brain the sodium appetite that represents the increased palatability for salt intake. This narrative review summarizes the main data dealing with the role of mineralocorticoid and ANG II receptors in the central control of sodium appetite. Appropriate keywords and MeSH terms were identified and searched in PubMed. References to original articles and reviews were examined, selected, and discussed. Several brain areas control sodium appetite, including the nucleus of the solitary tract, which contains aldosterone‐sensitive HSD2 neurons, and the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT) that contains ANG II‐sensitive neurons. Furthermore, sodium appetite is under the control of signaling proteins such as mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inositol 1,4,5‐thriphosphate (IP3). ANG II stimulates salt intake via MAPK, while combined ANG II and aldosterone action induce sodium intake via the IP3 signaling pathway. Finally, aldosterone and ANG II stimulate OVLT neurons and suppress oxytocin secretion inhibiting the neuronal activity of the paraventricular nucleus, thus disinhibiting the OVLT activity to aldosterone and ANG II stimulation
Multiple Scattering X-ray Photoelectron Diffraction Study Of The Srtio 3 (100) Surface
The atomic surface structure of SrTiO3 (100) after annealing at 630 °C in vacuum is investigated by x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) using the Sr 3 d5/2 core level. The photoelectron diffraction peaks are successfully assigned by considering the forward scattering of photoelectrons by the atomic potential near the emitter atom in the lattice. The strongest diffraction peaks are aligned along the single crystal internuclear axes. We compare the results of photoelectron multiple scattering calculations (MSC) of SrO and TiO2 terminated SrTiO3 (100) surfaces, including surface relaxation and rumpling, with the experimental data. For TiO2 and SrO terminated SrTiO3 (100) surfaces, all top-layer cations relax inward, whereas second-layer atoms relax outward. The surface rumpling for SrO- and TiO2 -terminated surfaces agrees well with low-energy electron diffraction results. Using a genetic algorithm the best agreement of MSC to the experimental XPD data is obtained for a SrO terminated surface with a 30% coverage of 3 ML SrO(100) islands. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.1063Rijnders, G., Curras, S., Huijben, M., Blanck, D., Rogalla, H., Kotecki, D.E., Baniecki, J.D., Wise, R., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, p. 1150. , 0003-6951, () 10.1063/1.1646463;, IBM J. Res. Dev. 0018-8646 43, 367 (1999)Kawasaki, M., Ohtomo, A., Arakane, T., Takahashi, K., Yoshimoto, M., Koinuma, H., Atomic control of SrTiO3 surface for perfect epitaxy of perovskite oxides (1996) Applied Surface Science, 107, pp. 102-106. , DOI 10.1016/S0169-4332(96)00512-0, PII S0169433296005120Erdman, N., Marks, L.D., (2003) Surf. Sci., 526, p. 107. , 0039-6028,. 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02573-6Kubo, T., Nozoye, H., (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, p. 1801. , 0031-9007,. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.1801Szot, K., Speier, W., Breuer, U., Meyer, R., Szade, J., Waser, R., (2000) Surf. Sci., 460, p. 112. , 0039-6028,. 10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00522-7Gunhold, A., Gomann, K., Beuermann, L., Frerichs, M., Borchardt, G., Kempter, V., Maus-Friedrichs, W., Geometric structure and chemical composition of SrTiO3 surfaces heated under oxidizing and reducing conditions (2002) Surface Science, 507-510, pp. 447-452. , DOI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)01284-0, PII S0039602802012840Szot, K., Speier, W., (1999) Phys. Rev. B, 60, p. 5909. , 0163-1829,. 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.5909Castell, M.R., Nanostructures on the SrTiO3(0 0 1) surface studied by STM (2002) Surface Science, 516 (1-2), pp. 33-42. , DOI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02053-8, PII S0039602802020538Ruddlesden, S.N., Popper, P., (1958) Acta Crystallogr., 11, p. 54. , 0907-4449,. 10.1107/S0365110X58000128Liang Yong, Bonnell Dawn, A., Atomic structures of reduced SrTiO3(001) surfaces (1993) Surface Science, 285 (3), pp. L510-L516. , DOI 10.1016/0039-6028(93)90422-GHenrich, V.E., Dresselhaus, G., Zeiger, H.J., (1978) Phys. Rev. B, 17, p. 4908. , 0163-1829,. 10.1103/PhysRevB.17.4908Matsumoto Takuya, Tanaka Hiroyuki, Kawai Tomoji, Kawai Shichio, STM-imaging of a SrTiO3(100) surface with atomic-scale resolution (1992) Surface Science, 278 (3), pp. L153-L158. , DOI 10.1016/0039-6028(92)90659-THaruyama, Y., Fukutani, H., Aiura, Y., Nishihara, Y., Komeda, T., Kodaira, S., Maryama, T., Kato, H., (1993) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Suppl., 32, p. 543. , 10.1143/JJAP.32.L543Hirata, A., Saika, K., Koma, A., Ando, A., (1994) Surf. Sci., 319, p. 267. , 0039-6028,. 10.1016/0039-6028(94)90593-2Zagonel, L.F., Barrett, N., Renault, O., Bailly, A., Bäurer, M., Hoffmann, M., Shih, S.-J., Cockayne, D., (2008) Surf. Interface Anal., 40, p. 1709. , 0142-2421,. 10.1002/sia.2886Szot, K., Speier, W., Herion, J., Freiburg, C., (1997) Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process., 64, p. 64. , 0947-8396Fompeyrine, J., Berger, R., Lang, H.P., Perret, J., Machler, E., Gerber, Ch., Locquet, J.-P., Local determination of the stacking sequence of layered materials (1998) Applied Physics Letters, 72 (14), pp. 1697-1699. , DOI 10.1063/1.121155, PII S0003695198019147Padilla, J., Vanderbilt, D., (1998) Surf. Sci., 418, p. 64. , 0039-6028,. 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00670-0Cheng, C., Kunc, K., Lee, M.H., Structural relaxation and longitudinal dipole moment of SrTiO 3(001)(1 × 1) surfaces (2000) Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 62 (15), pp. 10409-10418. , DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.10409Heifets, E., Kotomin, E.A., Maier, J., Semi-empirical simulations of surface relaxation for perovskite titanates (2000) Surface Science, 462 (1), pp. 19-35. , DOI 10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00603-8Bickel, N., Schmidt, G., Heinz, K., Muller, K., (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett., 62, p. 2009. , 0031-9007,. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.2009Hikita Tokihisa, Hanada Takashi, Kudo Masahiro, Kawai Maki, Structure and electronic state of the TiO2 and SrO terminated SrTiO3(100) surfaces (1993) Surface Science, 287 (88 PART A), pp. 377-381. , DOI 10.1016/0039-6028(93)90806-UIkeda, A., Nishimura, T., Morishita, T., Kido, Y., Surface relaxation and rumpling of TiO2-terminated SrTiO 3(001) determined by medium energy ion scattering (1999) Surface Science, 433, pp. 520-524. , DOI 10.1016/S0039-6028(99)00050-3Charlton, G., Brennan, S., Muryn, C.A., McGrath, R., Norman, D., Turner, T.S., Thornton, G., Surface relaxation of SrTiO3(001) (2000) Surface Science, 457 (1), pp. L376-L380. , DOI 10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00403-9Bottin, F., Finocchi, F., Noguera, C., (2003) Phys. Rev. B, 68, p. 035418. , 0163-1829,. 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.035418Eglitis, R.I., Vanderbilt, D., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 77, p. 195408. , 0163-1829,. 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.195408Herger, R., Willmott, P.R., Bunk, O., Schlepütz, C.M., Patterson, B.D., Delley, B., Shneerson, V.L., Saldin, D.K., (2007) Phys. Rev. B, 76, p. 195435. , 0163-1829,. 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.195435Chen, Y., Hove, M.V., (1998), http://www.ap.cityu.edu.hk/personal-website/Van-Hove_files/mscd/mscdpack. html, MSCD Package, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryPasierb, P., Komornicki, S., Rekas, M., Comparison of the chemical diffusion of undoped and Nb-doped SrTiO 3 (1999) Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 60 (11), pp. 1835-1844. , DOI 10.1016/S0022-3697(99)00193-6De Siervo, A., Soares, E.A., Landers, R., Kleiman, G.G., Photoelectron diffraction studies of Cu on Pd(111) random surface alloys (2005) Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 71 (11), pp. 1-7. , http://scitation.aip.org/getpdf/servlet/GetPDFServlet?filetype= pdf&id=PRBMDO000071000011115417000001&idtype=cvips, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.115417, 115417Mitchell, R.H., Chakhmouradian, A.R., Woodward, P.M., Crystal chemistry of perovskite-type compounds in the tausonite-loparite series, (Sr(1-2x)Na(x)La(x))TiO3 (2000) Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 27 (8), pp. 583-589. , DOI 10.1007/s002690000103http://www.qivx.com, From the Integral Scientist Periodic Table of the Elements (ISPT), available onPendry, J., (1980) J. Phys C, 13, p. 937. , 10.1088/0022-3719/13/5/024 0081-1947Bondino, F., Comelli, G., Baraldi, A., Rosei, R., Lizzit, S., Goldoni, A., Larciprete, R., Paolucci, G., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 66, p. 075402. , 0163-1829,. 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.075402Van Hove, M., Moritz, W., Over, H., Rous, P., Wander, A., Barbieri, A., Materer, N., Somorjai, G., (1993) Surf. Sci. Rep., 19, p. 191. , 0167-5729,. 10.1016/0167-5729(93)90011-DViana, M.L., Muio, R.D., Soares, E.A., Van Hove, M.A., De Carvalho, V.E., Global search in photoelectron diffraction structure determination using genetic algorithms (2007) Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 19 (44), p. 446002. , DOI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/44/446002, PII S095389840753354
Multiple scattering x-ray photoelectron diffraction study of the SrTiO3(100) surface
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)The atomic surface structure of SrTiO3(100) after annealing at 630 degrees C in vacuum is investigated by x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) using the Sr 3d(5/2) core level. The photoelectron diffraction peaks are successfully assigned by considering the forward scattering of photoelectrons by the atomic potential near the emitter atom in the lattice. The strongest diffraction peaks are aligned along the single crystal internuclear axes. We compare the results of photoelectron multiple scattering calculations (MSC) of SrO and TiO2 terminated SrTiO3(100) surfaces, including surface relaxation and rumpling, with the experimental data. For TiO2 and SrO terminated SrTiO3(100) surfaces, all top-layer cations relax inward, whereas second-layer atoms relax outward. The surface rumpling for SrO- and TiO2-terminated surfaces agrees well with low-energy electron diffraction results. Using a genetic algorithm the best agreement of MSC to the experimental XPD data is obtained for a SrO terminated surface with a 30% coverage of 3 ML SrO(100) islands.1063Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)European Commission [NMP3-CT-2005-013862]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [0554993-4]European Commission [NMP3-CT-2005-013862
- …