Evaluating Tourism Digital Marketing Activities: Case Study of Moc Chau, Son La, Viet Nam

In the context of 4.0, Digital Marketing is becoming more and more important for all aspects of life, including tourism. This study aims to examine the tourist’s evaluation of the use of tourism digital marketing (digital marketing tools) by travel agencies in Moc Chau, Son La. The results show that “Social Media Marketing” has the maximum level of appearance, level of attraction and level of influence. In addition, “Video Marketing” and “Multimedia Marketing” also have a high frequency of appearance, level of attraction, and high level of influence. From studying the theoretical basis of Digital Marketing, with the survey results and in-depth interviews, the research team proposes to make some suggestions to improve the efficiency of using digital marketing tools for Moc Chau tourism and government agencies

Performance Evaluation of Pre-foamed Ultra-lightweight Composites Incorporating Various Proportions of Slag

This research examines the feasibility of using a mixture of cement, fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and river sand to manufacture pre-foamed ultra-lightweight composite (PULC). Four PULC specimens were prepared with the substitution of cement by slag at 0, 10, 20, and 30 % by weight. The engineering properties of PULC samples were evaluated through the tests of compressive strength, dry density, water absorption, drying shrinkage, and thermal conductivity. Besides, numerical simulation of heat transfer through the PULC brick wall and the microstructure observation were performed. The performance of PULC mixtures incorporating slag showed higher effectiveness than merely used cement. The substitution of 20 % cement by slag resulted in the highest compressive strength as well as the lowest value of water absorption of the PULC samples. Also, the efficiency of the thermal conductivity was in inverse proportion with the density of PULC specimens and it was right for water absorption and drying shrinkage. Moreover, numerical simulations showed that the temperature distribution values in the wall made by PULC material were smaller than in the wall made by the normal clay brick in the same position. Besides, the microstructure analysis revealed that the existence of slag generated a more dense structure of PULC samples with the addition of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel, especially for a mix containing 20 % slag. Thus, the results of this study further demonstrated that a 20 % slag was the optimal content for the good engineering properties of the PULC samples

The Comparison of Characteristics in Tin Doped Indium Oxide (ITO) Synthesized via Nonaqueous Sol-Gel and Solvothermal Process

Tin doped indium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by nonaqueous sol-gel method and solvothermal process from indium acetylacetonate (In(acac)3) and tin bis(acetylacetonate)dichloride (Sn(acac)2Cl2) in oleyamine as the starting materials. The structure and morphology of ITO samples were analyzed by XRD and TEM. The electrical conductivy and specific surface area of both ITO samples were also determined and compared to each other. The ITO prepared via solvothermal method showed better results that prepared by nonaqueous sol-gel method

Application of industrial enzymes in the traditional technology of alcohol from cooked sticky rice in Nam Dinh province, Vietnam

Based on the traditional technology of alcohol from cooked sticky rice in Nam Dinh province, Vietnam, the experiments were conducted by the way to kept the technological process as well as the proportion of ingredients. The quantity of the sticky rice for every experiments was 10 kg. The obtained results showed that the addition of 0.05% enzyme SEBflo-TL compared to the dry matter of sticky rice leads to an increase of the absolute anhydrous alcohol by 10%. Combined application of 0.05% enzyme SEBflo-TL and 0.08% SEBrew-GL for hydrolysing starch and β -glucan, the amount of obtained anhydrous alcohol is 4.6 liters compared to 4.0 liters in the sample control without enzyme application, yield increased by 15% and could provide significant economic benefits to wine producer. In other hand, after the first distillation, the fractional distillation reduced concentration of metanol, acetaldehyde and improved volatile compounds of producted alcohol. The finished alcohol met the Vietnam National technical regulation for alcoholic beverages and are unlikely to cause toxicity to consumers

Infection status and molecular identification of digenean cercariae in snails in Kim Son district, Ninh Binh Province and Ba Vi district, Ha Noi

In this study, the molecular method was used to identify digenean cercariae from freshwater snails in Kim Son District (Ninh Binh Province) and Ba Vi District Ha Noi. A total of 9 snail species were collected and examined for cercarial infection. Three snail species (Radix swinhoei, Angulyagra polyzonata and Pomacea canaliculata) were not infected, while the other 6 species (Austropeplea viridis, Gyraulus convexiusculus, Parafossarulus striatulus, Bithynia fuchsiana, Melanoides tuberculata and Tarebia granifera) were infected with digenean cercariae at low infection rates, ranging from 2.3% to 6.3%. Seven cercarial groups were identified: Echinostome, Monostome, Parapleurophocercaria, Xiphidiocercaria, Fucocercaria, Gymnocephalous and Megalurous. Snails M. tuberculata and P. striatulus were infected with 4 cercarial groups, A. viridis and G. convexiusculus snails were infected with 2 groups, 2 snail species B. fuchsiana and T. granifera were infected with one group of cercaria. The results of ITS2 sequences analyses of the cercarial groups identified the larvae of 9 trematode species, namely Echinostoma revolutum, Echinochasmus japonicus, Notocotylus intestinalis, Philophthalmus gralli, Haplorchis pumilio, Procerovum cheni, Fasciola gigantica, Australapatemon burti and Cyathocotyle prussica. Among them the last three species, P. cheni, A. burti and C. prussica, were found for the first time in Vietnam. In addition, the ITS-2 sequence of Gymnocephalous cercariae which was previously identified as Sphaeridiotrema monorchis, from P. striatulus snail was 97% similar to that of Sphaeridiotrema pseudoglobulus. Likewise, ITS-2 sequence of Echinostome cercaria from B. fuchsiana snail was 93% similar to that of E. japonicus and that of Xiphidiocercaria cercaria from M. tuberculata snail was 93% similar to Lecithodendrium spathulatum.

Polarized Narrow-Line Emission from the Nucleus of NGC 4258

The detection of polarized continuum and line emission from the nucleus of NGC 4258 by Wilkes et al. (1995) provides an intriguing application of the unified model of Seyfert nuclei to a galaxy in which there is known to be an edge-on, rotating disk of molecular gas surrounding the nucleus. Unlike most Seyfert nuclei, however, NGC 4258 has strongly polarized narrow emission lines. To further investigate the origin of the polarized emission, we have obtained spectropolarimetric observations of the NGC 4258 nucleus at the Keck-II telescope. The narrow-line polarizations range from 1.0% for [S II] 6716 to 13.9% for the [O II] 7319,7331 blend, and the position angle of polarization is oriented nearly parallel to the projected plane of the masing disk. A correlation between critical density and degree of polarization is detected for the forbidden lines, indicating that the polarized emission arises from relatively dense (n_e > 10^4 cm^-3) gas. An archival Hubble Space Telescope narrow-band [O III] image shows that the narrow-line region has a compact, nearly unresolved core, implying a FWHM size of <2.5 pc. We discuss the possibility that the polarized emission might arise from the accretion disk itself and become polarized by scattering within the disk atmosphere. A more likely scenario is an obscuring torus or strongly warped disk surrounding the inner portion of a narrow-line region which is strongly stratified in density. The compact size of the narrow-line region implies that the obscuring structure must be smaller than ~2.5 pc in diameter.Comment: To appear in the Astronomical Journal. 13 pages, including 1 table and 4 figures. Uses emulateapj.st

Quantitative bacterial counts in the bone marrow of Vietnamese patients with typhoid fever

Background Bone marrow culture (BMC) is the reference standard for typhoid fever diagnosis. We studied the additional yield of BMC over blood culture (BC) and the relationship between quantitative BMC counts and severe disease. Methods Hospitalised Vietnamese patients with suspected typhoid fever were prospectively investigated with a BC, BMC, faecal culture and quantitative BMC counts. Results Salmonella typhi was isolated in 195 of 231 patients: from BC and BMC in 144 (73.8%), from BMC alone in 33 (16.9%), from BC alone in 12 (6.2%) and from faeces alone in 6 (3.1%). In 167 patients the median extracellular count of S. typhi was 2.5 cfu/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 0–10) and the intracellular count was 10.5 cfu/mL (IQR 2–42) with a ratio of 1.3 bacteria/cell (IQR 0.6–2.5). The median count of intracellular bacteria in 24 patients with severe disease was 46 bacteria/cell (IQR 9–105) compared with 6.5 bacteria/cell (IQR 2–34) in 143 with non-severe disease (p=0.005). The intracellular BMC count was negatively correlated with the peripheral white cell count and positively correlated with hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, aspartate transaminase, a positive BC and the fever clearance time following treatment with azithromycin, ofloxacin or a combination of the two. Conclusions BMC gave a moderate additional yield over BC. Intracellular BMC counts may reflect the bacterial load in typhoid fever

Building the hospital event-based surveillance system in Viet Nam: a qualitative study to identify potential facilitators and barriers for event reporting

Introduction: Hospitals are a key source of information for the early identification of emerging disease outbreaks and acute public health events for risk assessment, decision-making, and public health response. The objectives of this study were to identify potential facilitators and barriers for reporting of unusual events from the curative sector to the preventive medicine system in Viet Nam. Methods: In 2016, we conducted 18 semi-structured in-depth interviews and 9 focus group discussions with representatives from the curative and preventive medicine sectors in four provinces. We transcribed the interviews and focus group discussions and conducted a thematic analysis of the factors that appeared to affect public health event reporting. Results: We identified five major themes. Firstly, the lack of a legal framework to guide reporting meant there was an over-reliance on internal procedures. Secondly, participants reported the importance of an enabling environment to facilitate reporting such as leadership support and having focal points for reporting. Thirdly, potential benefits for reporting were seen such as support during outbreaks and receiving feedback. Fourthly, some challenges prohibited timely reporting such as not perceiving reporting to be the task of the curative sector and hesitancy to report without laboratory confirmation. Finally, the limited resources and specialist capacities in remote areas hindered timely detection and reporting of unusual events. Discussion: This study identified potential opportunities to promote the detection and reporting of unusual events from health care workers to the public health sector, and thus improving the overall health security system in Viet Nam and beyond