Markets Institutions as Communicating Vessels Deregulation and Changes between Economic Coordination Principles

economic policy; competition policy; institutions; regulation

Attempts to Dodge Drowning in Data. Rule- and Risk-Based Anti Money Laundering Policies Compared

Both in the US and in Europe anti money laundering policy switched from a rule- to a risk-based reporting system in order to avoid over-reporting by the private sector. However, reporting increased in most countries, while the quality of information decreased. Governments drowned in data because private agents feared sanctions for not reporting. This ``crying wolf'' problem. (Takats 2007) did not happen in the Netherlands, where the number of reports diminished but information quality improved. Reasons for this can be found in differences in legal institutions and legal culture, notably the contrast between US adversarial legalism and Dutch cooperative informalism. The established legal systems also provide for resistance to change. Thus lowering sanctions in order to reduce over-reporting may not be a realistic option in a legal system which traditionally uses deterrence by fierce criminal and private legal sanctions. Furthermore, a risk-based approach may not be sustainable in the long run, as litigation may eventually replace a risk-based approach again by a rule-based one, now with precise rules set by the courts.money laundering, anti money laundering policy, risk based regulation, rules, standards, comparison of legal systems, tort law

Note-taking competence in the learning process

The article reports on a pilot study designed to support a longitudinal study of the development of note-taking competence among second year master’s degree students in an interpreting training programme. The research reported in this article analysed note-taking units, while semi-structured interviews were also conducted with six interpreting students in order to determine the language and frequency of the different types of note-taking units they used. The results show that the students used a mixture of the source and target languages in their notes, they have predominantly used full words and that they were aware that there was still room for development in their note-taking techniques. The pilot study produced results that will be used to optimize further research: it was established that all participants should interpret the same text, that the experiment should be conducted outside of classroom interpreting sessions, that no feedback should be given to the students prior to the interviews, that the students’ interpretation should be audio-recorded, and that the category “full words” should be split into further subcategories.

The Many Faces of Performative Politics : Satires of Statesman Bernhard von Bülow in Wilhelmine Germany

While historical and contemporary thinkers have described politics as theater, this article moves beyond this representation of politics to understand how performance was central to politics around the turn of the twentieth century. It does so through an analysis of a large volume of hitherto unstudied caricatures of the German statesman Bernhard von Bülow. While historians usually describe satire merely in a complementary or illustrative manner, this article analyzes it in a structural manner. This analysis does not serve to understand Bülow personally nor his politics, but constitutes a case study that demonstrates broader changes in the nature of politics. The article argues that caricaturists used metaphors of different types of performances, which built on tradition and played into new lifestyles, to reflect on how mass communication became constitutive of modern politics. Moreover, this metaphorical stage on which politicians performed represented the platform of the mass press in politics itself

Teaching for Toleration in Pluralist Liberal Democracies

This article determines which education enables the perpetuation of diverse ways of life and the liberal democracy that accommodates this diversity. Liberals like John Rawls, Stephen Macedo, and William Galston have disagreed about the scope of civic education. Based on an analysis of toleration—the primary means for maintaining a pluralist liberal democracy—I argue that schools should teach democratic participatory skills and a minimal exposure to diversity to enable citizens to participate in the democratic process of defining which cultural and religious practices the state should tolerate or prohibit through its laws. To make this argument, I contend, in contrast to several scholars, that toleration is practiced primarily between the democratic state and citizens rather than among citizens. Although many theorists do not show the educational implications of their theories, I conclude that schools must teach: (a) mutual respect among citizens, (b) citizens’ constitutional rights, (c) democratic participatory skills, (d) a basic understanding of other worldviews, and (e) critical media skills. Students should master these components through instruction on government, cultures and religions, and the media, but more important through discussions and democratic simulations both inside and outside the classroom

Regulating for Australia's youngest workers

Child labour is a phrase associated with exploitation, poverty, insufficient education and various forms of physical abuse. These connotations do not match Australian perceptions about the employment of children and are not correlated with mainstream dialogue on teenagers in part time and casual employment. Child employment is an accepted part of Australian society, with older children making up a significant portion of the workforce. Minimum standards are increasingly regarded a critical safeguard for young Australians at work, evidenced by recent state level statutory amendment and enactment of dedicated legislation. This article makes two submissions; first, it suggests the regulation of young people's working conditions is inappropriately neglected at national level in Australia, and secondly, it proposes national standards should be set and equated with those in other developed economies, meeting international standards. The 1994 European Community Directive on the Protection of Young Workers is referred to as a suitable benchmark

A Comparison of the Construction Industry in Europe, Characteristics, Governance, Performance and Future Perspectives

Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Serie

The development of a GIS tool to assess the changes in the riverine landscape for the ecological quality of the river Rhine in the Netherlands

This study aims to evaluate the usability of ecotope maps to predict aquatic ecological consequences of floodplain landscape changes. If successful, this method will be applied to evaluate ecological rehabilitation measures that will be carried out in order to improve the ecological status of the large river plains. Ecological value is reflected in indicator metrics for fish, aquatic vegetation, and other qualities. There is a correlation between the composition of these indicators and ecotope types. In order to substantiate this correlation I have gathered information about changes in these indicators by comparing ecotope maps of different years. Recent maps, 1997-2004, are compared to see the effect of pilot rehabilitation measures, and these maps are compared to a reference situation, an ecotope map of 1850. 1850 is the last mapped situation before the normalisation of Dutch rivers caused the ecological quality to deteriorate. I have explored possibilities to translate aquatic ecotope changes – derived from intervening map changes – into changes in the fish and aquatic vegetation metric scores, i.e. indicators. The metric scores on fish and aquatic vegetation can tell if the ecological status of the river flood plain as a whole is changing; they are based on the Water Framework Directive (WFD) system of scoring. For evaluation, a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach is used. In a GIS environment, I have added information about the 'ecotope – fish' and 'ecotope – aquatic' vegetation relation to the ecotope maps of different years. Through the comparison of the ecotope maps using a GIS, changes in ecotopes type and surface area and, thereby, changes in the fish and aquatic vegetation indices became apparent, which I have presented as maps, graphs and figures. In addition to surface area related metrics, perimeter based information, too, has ecological meaning. As an indicator for the state of the river, I have chosen the shoreline index. The shoreline index can reflect whether the flow of the river is very normalised or natural. Out of the aquatic borders and shoreline type the shoreline index has been determined. This index has been divided between navigated and non-navigated waters, and furthermore into different shoreline types, such as sandy or builds up. My conclusion is that ecotope maps can be used to reflect changes in metrics for ecological quality indicators. It is argued that, for a good comparison, the ecotope maps of different years have to be normalized for the water level during the mapping of the ecotope maps from aerial photos. Adding height and depth information to the ecotope map will also improve resolution. It is also is argued that for a good insight into the fish population not only aquatic ecotopes but also adjacent ecotopes have to be included. By doing this the sometimes flooding patches are also incorporated – which is essential because they are important for the reproduction of some fish species. Calculated EQR values for current years and reference years appear to be less apart than expected. Therefore it is recommended to add other factors like area ratio and diversity composition by means or the alpha beta theory

Robin Setton, Andrew Dawrant (eds): Conference Interpreting. A Trainer’s Guide

A Benjamins Translation Library könyvsorozatnak kötetei széleskörűen lefedik a fordítás kutatásának és oktatásának legkülönbözőbb részterületeit. A könyvsorozat annak köszönheti népszerűségét, hogy tanácsadói testülete a fordítástudomány legkiválóbb képviselőiből áll