European web-based platform for recording international health regulations ship sanitation certificates: results and perspectives

The purpose of this study was to report the data analysis results from the International Health Regulations (2005) Ship Sanitation Certificates (SSCs), recorded in the European Information System (EIS). International sea trade and population movements by ships can contribute to the global spread of diseases. SSCs are issued to ensure the implementation of control measures if a public health risk exists on board. EIS designed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Handbook for Inspection of Ships and Issuance of SSC. Inspection data were recorded and SSCs issued by inspectors working at European ports were analysed. From July 2011-February 2017, 107 inspectors working at 54 ports in 11 countries inspected 5579 ships. Of these, there were 29 types under 85 flags (including 19 EU Member States flags). As per IHR (2005) 10,281 Ship Sanitation Control Exception Certificates (SSCECs) and 296 Ship Sanitation Control Certificates (SSCCs) were issued, 74 extensions to existing SSCs were given, 7565 inspection findings were recorded, and 47 inspections were recorded without issuing an SSC. The most frequent inspection findings were the lack of potable water quality monitoring reports (23%). Ships aged 12 years (odds ratio, OR = 1.77, 95% confidence intervals, CI = 1.37-2.29) with an absence of cargo at time of inspection (OR = 3.36, 95% CI = 2.51-4.50) had a higher probability of receiving an SSCC, while ships under the EU MS flag had a lower probability of having inspection findings (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.66-0.79). Risk factors to prioritise the inspections according to IHR were identified by using the EIS. A global information system, or connection of national or regional information systems and data exchange, could help to better implement SSCs using common standards and procedures

Sampler bias in the quantitative study of deep-sea meiobenthos

The influence of sampler type on quantitative estimates of deep-sea meiobenthos is examined by an indirect statistical comparison of box corer and multiple corer samples collected throughout the northeast Atlantic, and by a direct comparison of contemporaneously collected multiple corer and box corer samples from a single abyssal location. The data strongly support the suggestion that the greater down-wash/bow wave associated with box corers results in displacement of surface sediments and any superfic~al detrltus layer together with thelr associated fauna. Total metazoan meiobenthos density estimates from box corer samples are about half those from corresponding multiple corer samples Sampler type may also influence the fauna1 composition of both the metazoan and protozoan components of the meiobenthos

European web-based platform for recording international health regulations ship sanitation certificates: Results and perspectives

The purpose of this study was to report the data analysis results from the International Health Regulations (2005) Ship Sanitation Certificates (SSCs), recorded in the European Information System (EIS). International sea trade and population movements by ships can contribute to the global spread of diseases. SSCs are issued to ensure the implementation of control measures if a public health risk exists on board. EIS designed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) “Handbook for Inspection of Ships and Issuance of SSC”. Inspection data were recorded and SSCs issued by inspectors working at European ports were analysed. From July 2011–February 2017, 107 inspectors working at 54 ports in 11 countries inspected 5579 ships. Of these, there were 29 types under 85 flags (including 19 EU Member States flags). As per IHR (2005) 10,281 Ship Sanitation Control Exception Certificates (SSCECs) and 296 Ship Sanitation Control Certificates (SSCCs) were issued, 74 extensions to existing SSCs were given, 7565 inspection findings were recorded, and 47 inspections were recorded without issuing an SSC. The most frequent inspection findings were the lack of potable water quality monitoring reports (23%). Ships aged ≥12 years (odds ratio, OR = 1.77, 95% confidence intervals, CI = 1.37–2.29) with an absence of cargo at time of inspection (OR = 3.36, 95% CI = 2.51–4.50) had a higher probability of receiving an SSCC, while ships under the EU MS flag had a lower probability of having inspection findings (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.66–0.79). Risk factors to prioritise the inspections according to IHR were identified by using the EIS. A global information system, or connection of national or regional information systems and data exchange, could help to better implement SSCs using common standards and procedures. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Activité tectonique, magmatique et hydrothermale autour des triples jonctions de16°50'S-173°30'E et de l6°30'S-l76°10E dans le bassin nord fidjien (SWPacifique): Campagne HYFIFLUX

The aim of the HYFIFLUX-SONNE 99 cruise was the geological, biological and chemical study of the 2 triple-junctions characterizing the oceanic accretion in the North Fiji Basin. Multibeam bathymetric coverage, in situ observations and sampling confirmed the existence of an active spreading ridge immediately west of the Fiji islands (WFR), and gave an evaluation of the magmatic and hydrothermal activity of the central ridge (CSR). New hydrothermal sites have been discovered and sampled.La campagne HYFIFLUX-SONNE 99 a eu pour objectif l'étude géologique, biologique et chimique des 2 triples jonctions qui caractérisent l'accrétion océanique dans le bassin nord fidjien. La couverture bathymétrique multifaisceaux, l'observation in situ et l'échantillonnage ont permis de confirmer l'existence d'un axe d'accrétion actif immédiatement à l'Ouest des îles Fidji (WFR), et d'évaluer l'activité magmatique et hydrothermale à l'extrémité nord de l'axe central (CSR). De nouveaux sites hydrothermaux ont été découverts et échantillonnés

Voltage dip immunity of equipment and installations - Status and need for further work

This paper presents the results from the work of WG C4.110, a joint working group by CIGRE, CIRED and UIE. Its mandate period stretched from early 2006 through early 2009. The group has addressed several aspects of the immunity of, especially, industrial equipment against voltage dips. Compared to the work earlier groups, the equipment performance is not seen as a final aim, but as a step towards the ultimate aim: allowing the process to ride through the voltage dip. Some of the contributions and conclusions from the WG C4.110 are discussed in this paper, Check Mark Description of voltage dips, Check Mark Equipment and process immunity, Check Mark Testing and characterization, Check Mark Economics, Check Mark Immunity classes and application, Check Mark Further work. © 2010 Chinese Soc for Elec Eng.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Voltage dip immunity of equipment and installations - Status and need for further work

This paper presents the results from the work of WG C4.110, a joint working group by CIGRE, CIRED and UIE. Its mandate period stretched from early 2006 through early 2009. The group has addressed several aspects of the immunity of, especially, industrial equipment against voltage dips. Compared to the work earlier groups, the equipment performance is not seen as a final aim, but as a step towards the ultimate aim: allowing the process to ride through the voltage dip. Some of the contributions and conclusions from the WG C4.110 are discussed in this paper, Check Mark Description of voltage dips, Check Mark Equipment and process immunity, Check Mark Testing and characterization, Check Mark Economics, Check Mark Immunity classes and application, Check Mark Further work. © 2010 Chinese Soc for Elec Eng.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Lipolytic enzymes and hydrolytic rancidity

Lipolysis, the enzymic hydrolysis of milk lipids to free fatty acids and partial glycerides, is a constant concern to the dairy industry because of the detrimental effcts it can have on the flvor and other properties of milk and milk products. However, free fatty acids also contribute to the desirable flavor of milk and milk products when present at low concentrations and, in some cheeses, when present at high concentrations. The enzymes responsible for the detrimental effects of lipolysis are of two main types: those indigenous to milk, and those of microbial origin. The major indigenous milk enzyme is lipoprotein lipase. It is active on the fat in natural milk fat globules only after their disruption by physical treatments or if certain blood serum lipoproteins are present. The major microbial lipases are produced by psychrotrophic bacteria. Many of these enzymes are heat stable and are particularly significant in stored products. Human milk differs from cows' milk in that it contains two lipases, a lipoprotein lipase and a bile salt-stimulated lipase. The ability of the latter to cause considerable hydrolysis of ingested milk lipids has important nutritional implications