The CPPA Model-Builder: Technical Structure and Programmed Options in Version 1.3.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service has developed the Country Projections and Policy Analysis (CPPA) model-builder to assist analysts in generating projections of agricultural market outcomes and conducting long-term policy analyses. CPPA is a spreadsheet based, program driven system that facilitates the specification of price linkages and economic relationships in agricultural markets. The system generates projections of market outcomes from linkages between domestic prices and exogenous reference prices, given exogenous macroeconomic conditions and user-specified endogenous economic relationships. The model-builder can accommodate 46 cross-linked commodity models, including grains, cotton, sugar, oilseeds and products, animal inventories, and meats, milk, and eggs

Synthesis of hexadeuterated hexestrol (R,S)-3,4-di-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexane-1,1,1,6,6,6-2H(6)

A short and stereoselective synthesis of hexadeuterated hexestrol is described, involving catalytic hydrogenation of Z-3,4-di-(4-methoxyphenyl)hex-3-ene-1,1,1,6,6,6-2H6 followed by demethylation using sodium thioethoxide in dimethyl formamide

Field evaluation of willow under short rotation coppice for phytomanagement of metal-polluted agricultural soils

Short rotation coppice (SRC) of willow and poplar might be a promising phytoremediation option since it uses fast growing, high biomass producing tree species with often a sufficient metal uptake. This study evaluates growth, metal uptake and extraction potentials of eight willow clones (Belders, Belgisch Rood, Christina, Inger, Jorr, Loden, Tora and Zwarte Driebast) on a metal-contaminated agricultural soil, with total cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) concentrations of 6.5 +/- 0.8 and 377 +/- 69mg kg1 soil, respectively. Although, during the first cycle, on average generally low productivity levels (3.7 ton DM (dry matter) ha1 y1) were obtained on this sandy soil, certain clones exhibited quite acceptable productivity levels (e.g. Zwarte Driebast 12.5 ton DM ha1 y1). Even at low biomass productivity levels, SRC of willow showed promising removal potentials of 72g Cd and 2.0kg Zn ha1 y1, which is much higher than e.g. energy maize or rapeseed grown on the same soil. Cd and Zn removal can be increased by 40% if leaves are harvested as well. Nevertheless, nowadays the wood price remains the most critical factor in order to implement SRC as an acceptable, economically feasible alternative crop on metal-contaminated agricultural soils

Information-dependent acquisition-mediated LC-MS/MS screening procedure with semiquantitative potential.

The development of a LC-MS/MS general unknown screening procedure for toxicologically relevant substances in blood samples by means of information-dependent acquisition on a Q-TOF is reported. IDA is an artificial intelligence-based product ion scan mode providing automatic "on-the-fly" MS to MS/MS switching. By performing information-dependent scanning at two different fragmentation energies, two collision-induced dissociation product ion spectra for each of the detected compounds are generated. As such, information-rich MS/MS spectra are obtained from precursor ions not known beforehand. In addition, limitation of the MS/MS acquisition time to an acceptable minimum resulted in an almost instantaneous switch back to the MS mode. As such, this approach provided MS chromatograms that still could be of use for semiquantitative purposes. Since the switching intensity threshold, unequivocally related to the background noise, proved a critical parameter, the solid-phase extraction procedure, the liquid chromatographic conditions, and the mass spectrometric parameters all were optimized to the advantage of information-dependent acquisition. Finally, the screening procedure we developed was benchmarked, on one hand, qualitatively against the results obtained from traditional GUS approaches in a number of routine toxicological laboratories (20 samples) and, on the other hand, quantitatively with respect to its potential against established LC-MS/MS methods (7 samples). The procedure performed very well from a qualitative point of view; almost all of the drugs detected by the conventional techniques were identified, as well as additional drugs that were not previously reported. The procedure proved well-suited for an initial semiquantitative assessment, as is customary in, for example, forensic toxicology before accurate intoxication levels are determined using targeted analytical analyses

Société d'histoire du Droit et des Institutions des Pays Flamands, Picards et Wallons. Journées Internationales d' Utrecht (12-15 mai 1983)

Van Luyn Pierre, Platelle Henri, Cauchies Jean-Marie, Kuys Jan, Roelofsen C.-G., Van Winter Johanna Maria, Vermaas M.-H., Van Peteghem P., Douxchamps-Lefèvre Cécile, Koenheim A.C., Rousseaux Xavier, Pfister-Langanay Christian, Stevens Fred, Martinage Renée. Société d'histoire du Droit et des Institutions des Pays Flamands, Picards et Wallons. Journées Internationales d' Utrecht (12-15 mai 1983) . In: Revue du Nord, tome 66, n°260, Janvier-mars 1984. pp. 393-410

Société d'histoire du Droit et des Institutions des Pays Flamands, Picards et Wallons, Journées Internationales de Dunkerque (28-31 mai 1981)

Dams J., Leman Pierre, Merck A., Godding Philippe, Soetermeer F., Platelle Henri, Laret-Kayser Arlette, Cauchies Jean-Marie, Dickstein-Bernard Claire, Trénard Louis, Van Peteghem P., Douxchamps-Lefèvre Cécile, Lorgnier Jacques. Société d'histoire du Droit et des Institutions des Pays Flamands, Picards et Wallons, Journées Internationales de Dunkerque (28-31 mai 1981). In: Revue du Nord, tome 64, n°252, Janvier-mars 1982. Amiens de jadis et de naguère. pp. 223-242