Het Nederlandse toneelbestel van 1945 tot 1995

Culture and institutions; Stage presentationsHans van Maanen schetst een geschiedenis van de toneelwereld, niet van het toneel. De productie van toneel speelt in die wereld natuurlijk een zeer belangrijke rol, maar de aandacht gaat vooral uit naar de verandering van distributie van theater door de jaren heen. Ook de rol van de overheid - die onophoudelijk probeert de ontwikkelingen te volgen of beheersbaar te houden - wordt belicht. De auteur behandelt de geschiedenis van het toneelbestel op analytische wijze en besteedt daarnaast aandacht aan de belangrijkste knelpunten van het hedendaagse bestel: het kwaliteitsprobleem, de participatiekwestie en het legitimeringsvraagstuk

Het Nederlandse toneelbestel van 1945 tot 1995

Culture and institutions; Stage presentation

Estimation of the basic reproduction number for Streptococcus equi spp. equi outbreaks by meta-analysis of strangles outbreak reports

Background Streptococcus equi spp. equi (S. equi), the cause of strangles in horses, is considered a highly contagious pathogen affecting equines and the equine industry worldwide. Fundamental epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks, such as the basic reproduction number (R-0), are not well described. Objectives Estimate R-0 for S. equi in equine populations from outbreak data. Study design Systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data. Methods A literature search for outbreak reports was carried out. Depending on data available in the reports, the early epidemic growth rate or final attack rate (AR) approach was used to estimate the basic reproduction number for that outbreak. Other recorded outbreak characteristics were the type of housing (group vs. individual). An overall estimate for R-0 was computed by meta-analysis. Results Data from eight outbreaks were extracted from peer-reviewed publications. Data from two additional, non-published outbreaks was also included in the meta-analysis. A conservative estimate for R-0 was 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-2.5). A less conservative estimate, including outbreaks with a 100% AR for which a lower limit R-0 was estimated, was 2.7 (95% CI 2.1-3.3). Main limitations Few papers describing longitudinal incidence data were found so most estimates were based on the outbreaks' final size. Several outbreaks had a 100% attack rate and could therefore only be included as a lower limit estimate in the meta-analysis. The reported result therefore may be an underestimation. Conclusions This estimate for R-0 for S. equi informs parameters for future mathematical modelling, quantifies desired preventive vaccine coverage and helps evaluate the effect of prevention strategies through future modelling studies

Estimation of the basic reproduction number for Streptococcus equi spp. equi outbreaks by meta-analysis of strangles outbreak reports

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus equi spp. equi (S. equi), the cause of strangles in horses, is considered a highly contagious pathogen affecting equines and the equine industry worldwide. Fundamental epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks, such as the basic reproduction number (R0 ), are not well described. OBJECTIVES: Estimate R0 for S. equi in equine populations from outbreak data. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data. METHODS: A literature search for outbreak reports was carried out. Depending on data available in the reports, the early epidemic growth rate or final attack rate (AR) approach was used to estimate the basic reproduction number for that outbreak. Other recorded outbreak characteristics were the type of housing (group vs. individual). An overall estimate for R0 was computed by meta-analysis. RESULTS: Data from eight outbreaks were extracted from peer-reviewed publications. Data from two additional, non-published outbreaks was also included in the meta-analysis. A conservative estimate for R0 was 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-2.5). A less conservative estimate, including outbreaks with a 100% AR for which a lower limit R0 was estimated, was 2.7 (95% CI 2.1-3.3). MAIN LIMITATIONS: Few papers describing longitudinal incidence data were found so most estimates were based on the outbreaks' final size. Several outbreaks had a 100% attack rate and could therefore only be included as a lower limit estimate in the meta-analysis. The reported result therefore may be an underestimation. CONCLUSIONS: This estimate for R0 for S. equi informs parameters for future mathematical modelling, quantifies desired preventive vaccine coverage and helps evaluate the effect of prevention strategies through future modelling studies

Experimental and field investigations of exposure, replication and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in pigs in the Netherlands

In order to assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, transmission and reservoir development in swine, we combined results of an experimental and two observational studies. First, intranasal and intratracheal challenge of eight pigs did not result in infection, based on clinical signs and PCR on swab and lung tissue samples. Two serum samples returned a low positive result in virus neutralization, in line with findings in other infection experiments in pigs. Next, a retrospective observational study was performed in the Netherlands in the spring of 2020. Serum samples (N =417) obtained at slaughter from 17 farms located in a region with a high human case incidence in the first wave of the pandemic. Samples were tested with protein micro array, plaque reduction neutralization test and receptor-binding-domain ELISA. None of the serum samples was positive in all three assays, although six samples from one farm returned a low positive result in PRNT (titers 40-80). Therefore we conclude that serological evidence for large scale transmission was not observed. Finally, an outbreak of respiratory disease in pigs on one farm, coinciding with recent exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infected animal caretakers, was investigated. Tonsil swabs and paired serum samples were tested. No evidence for infection with SARS-CoV-2 was found. In conclusion, Although in both the experimental and the observational study few samples returned low antibody titer results in PRNT infection with SARS-CoV-2 was not confirmed. It was concluded that sporadic infections in the field cannot be excluded, but large-scale SARS-CoV-2 transmission among pigs is unlikely.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

STARD 2015: An Updated List of Essential Items for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies.

Incomplete reporting has been identified as a major source of avoidable waste in biomedical research. Essential information is often not provided in study reports, impeding the identification, critical appraisal, and replication of studies. To improve the quality of reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies, the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) statement was developed. Here we present STARD 2015, an updated list of 30 essential items that should be included in every report of a diagnostic accuracy study. This update incorporates recent evidence about sources of bias and variability in diagnostic accuracy and is intended to facilitate the use of STARD. As such, STARD 2015 may help to improve completeness and transparency in reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies

How to Study Art Worlds : On the Societal Functioning of aesthetic Values

In deze studie onderzoekt Hans van Maanen hoe de organisatie van kunstwerelden het functioneren van kunst in de maatschappij ondersteunt en mogelijk maakt. Hij bespreekt en vergelijkt verschillende benaderingen (van Dickie, Becker, Bourdieu, Heinich en anderen) op de kunstwereld. Vervolgens gaat hij in op het kunstfi losofi - sche debat en vooral de notie van de 'esthetische ervaring'. Naast Kant komen academici als Gadamer, Foster, Shustermann, Schaeffer en Carroll aan bod. Tot slot bespreekt hij de theoretische benaderingen in een praktischer kader. Zo wordt het belang hiervan voor de kunstwereld duidelijk

Het Nederlandse toneelbestel van 1945 tot 1995

Hans van Maanen schetst een geschiedenis van de toneelwereld, niet van het toneel. De productie van toneel speelt in die wereld natuurlijk een zeer belangrijke rol, maar de aandacht gaat vooral uit naar de verandering van distributie van theater door de jaren heen. Ook de rol van de overheid - die onophoudelijk probeert de ontwikkelingen te volgen of beheersbaar te houden - wordt belicht. De auteur behandelt de geschiedenis van het toneelbestel op analytische wijze en besteedt daarnaast aandacht aan de belangrijkste knelpunten van het hedendaagse bestel: het kwaliteitsprobleem, de participatiekwestie en het legitimeringsvraagstuk

How to Study Art Worlds

This necessary and thought-provoking study brings together the organisational side of the world of the arts and the understanding of the many functions art fulfi lls in our culture. The author sets out to establish how the organisation of art worlds serves the functioning of the arts in society. The book is divided into three sections, the first of which presents a comparative study of approaches to the art world as practiced by Dickie, Becker, Bourdieu, Heinich, and Luhmann, among others. The second part focuses on the philosphical debates concerning 'aesthetic experience'. Besides Kant, scholars such as Gadamer, Foster, Shustermann, Schaeffer and Carroll come to the fore. In the third part, the author traces the consequences of these theoretical approaches for the organization of art world practices.In deze studie onderzoekt Hans van Maanen hoe de organisatie van kunstwerelden het functioneren van kunst in de maatschappij ondersteunt en mogelijk maakt. Hij bespreekt en vergelijkt verschillende benaderingen (van Dickie, Becker, Bourdieu, Heinich en anderen) op de kunstwereld. Vervolgens gaat hij in op het kunstfi losofi - sche debat en vooral de notie van de 'esthetische ervaring'. Naast Kant komen academici als Gadamer, Foster, Shustermann, Schaeffer en Carroll aan bod. Tot slot bespreekt hij de theoretische benaderingen in een praktischer kader. Zo wordt het belang hiervan voor de kunstwereld duidelijk