1,445 research outputs found
The Three Faces of the Second Law: II. Fokker-Planck Formulation
The total entropy production is the sum of two contributions, the so-called
adiabatic and nonadiabatic entropy production, each of which is non-negative.
We derive their explicit expressions for continuous Markov processes, discuss
their properties and illustrate their behavior on two exactly solvable models.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur
Dissipative collapse of the adiabatic piston
An adiabatic piston, separating two granular gases prepared in the same
macroscopic state, is found to eventually collapse to one of the sides. This
new instability is explained by a simple macroscopic theory which is
furthermore in qualitative agreement with hard disk molecular dynamics.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Alternative derivation of Mie theory with electromagnetic potentials for diffuse particles
Mie's theory of light scattering on spherical particles is being increasingly used in nanophotonics, and these demanding applications have laid bare some shortcomings of Mie theory in its standard formulation. One problem that deserves special attention is the electron spill-out in small metallic nanoparticles, which invalidates the assumption of an abrupt interface. Here we present an alternative derivation of Mie theory without this assumption. To avoid the usual electromagnetic boundary conditions suitable for a hard-wall interface, we set up equations for the electromagnetic potentials instead of the electric and magnetic field. We show that in the limit of a hard-wall interface, the results of the standard Mie theory are recovered. Additionally, a numerical solution scheme is proposed for the equations for the vector potential and the scalar potential. Analysis of the optical cross sections of soft-interface nanospheres shows that the absorption increases and occurs at lower frequencies as compared to hard-walled nanospheres. This effect is rather dramatic in large spheres with large spill-out, due to the disappearance of high-frequency resonance peaks
Noise induced transition from an absorbing phase to a regime of stochastic spatiotemporal intermittency
We introduce a stochastic partial differential equation capable of
reproducing the main features of spatiotemporal intermittency (STI).
Additionally the model displays a noise induced transition from laminarity to
the STI regime. We show by numerical simulations and a mean-field analysis that
for high noise intensities the system globally evolves to a uniform absorbing
phase, while for noise intensities below a critical value spatiotemporal
intermittence dominates. A quantitative computation of the loci of this
transition in the relevant parameter space is presented.Comment: 4 pages, 6 eps figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. See for
additional information http://imedea.uib.es
The universality of synchrony: critical behavior in a discrete model of stochastic phase coupled oscillators
We present the simplest discrete model to date that leads to synchronization
of stochastic phase-coupled oscillators. In the mean field limit, the model
exhibits a Hopf bifurcation and global oscillatory behavior as coupling crosses
a critical value. When coupling between units is strictly local, the model
undergoes a continuous phase transition which we characterize numerically using
finite-size scaling analysis. In particular, the onset of global synchrony is
marked by signatures of the XY universality class, including the appropriate
classical exponents and , a lower critical dimension ,
and an upper critical dimension .Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Dichotomous Markov noise: Exact results for out-of-equilibrium systems. A review
Nonequilibrium systems driven by additive or multiplicative dichotomous
Markov noise appear in a wide variety of physical and mathematical models. We
review here some prototypical examples, with an emphasis on {\em
analytically-solvable} situations. In particular, it has escaped attention till
recently that the standard results for the long-time properties of such systems
cannot be applied when unstable fixed points are crossed in the asymptotic
regime. We show how calculations have to be modified to deal with these cases
and present a few relevant applications -- the hypersensitive transport, the
rocking ratchet, and the stochastic Stokes' drift. These results reinforce the
impression that dichotomous noise can be put on a par with Gaussian white noise
as far as obtaining analytical results is concerned. They convincingly
illustrate the interplay between noise and nonlinearity in generating
nontrivial behaviors of nonequilibrium systems and point to various practical
applications.Comment: Review article, 85 pages, 24 figures. Some references added.
Published in the International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, pp. 2825-2888
(2006). Comments and suggestions from the readers are highly welcom
Gravitational-Wave Astronomy with Inspiral Signals of Spinning Compact-Object Binaries
Inspiral signals from binary compact objects (black holes and neutron stars)
are primary targets of the ongoing searches by ground-based gravitational-wave
interferometers (LIGO, Virgo, GEO-600 and TAMA-300). We present
parameter-estimation simulations for inspirals of black-hole--neutron-star
binaries using Markov-chain Monte-Carlo methods. For the first time, we have
both estimated the parameters of a binary inspiral source with a spinning
component and determined the accuracy of the parameter estimation, for
simulated observations with ground-based gravitational-wave detectors. We
demonstrate that we can obtain the distance, sky position, and binary
orientation at a higher accuracy than previously suggested in the literature.
For an observation of an inspiral with sufficient spin and two or three
detectors we find an accuracy in the determination of the sky position of
typically a few tens of square degrees.Comment: v2: major conceptual changes, 4 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, submitted
to ApJ
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