Титульные страницы и содержание

Contains fulltext : 207132pub.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)J.S. Makdisi Arab feminisms: Gender and equality in the Middle East London:I.B. Tauris ,2014 978178076672

Street Football, Gender and Muslim Youth in the Netherlands

Based on original ethnographic research in a multicultural neighbourhood in The Hague, this open access book gives detailed insights into the challenges, negotiations and resistances girls with Moroccan-Dutch and Muslim backgrounds face in the world of street football. Kathrine van den Bogert traces the experiences of teenage girls who play football in public playgrounds, as well as in a girls’ football competition the girls have set up themselves: Football Girls United. She addresses how race, ethnicity, religion, gender and citizenship are entangled in the access to and construction of the public street football spaces, such as football courts, urban playgrounds and public squares. While Muslim girls in football are often stigmatized and excluded based on their religious and ethnic backgrounds, this book emphasizes their street football practices as critical and creative ways of belonging, both in football and in wider Dutch society. By focussing on a domain largely absent in religion and gender research, namely sport, this book brings forth new perspectives on religious and ethnic diversity in Europe. The football players show that ‘Muslim’ is not always a relevant identity in their lives, and hence urge us to rethink the categories of analysis that we use, and often take for granted, as feminist and intersectional scholars of gender, religion and Islam. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com

Synthetic Dry Adhesives for Human Scaled Climbing of Vertical Surfaces

Dry, reusable, washable adhesives based upon Geckos' ability to take advantage of van der Waals forces, and previously studied at UMass Amherst, were designed and fabricated for research. The studies performed on the adhesives showed feasibility for vertical climbing at the human scales, with load capacities of one single high-quality adhesive pad ranging between 60 lbf and 100 lbf. A climbing apparatus in the form of a hand-operated paddle consisting of three pads was designed and built using three adhesive pads, and the apparatus' capacity for climbing was evaluated.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/169577/1/willvdb_Synthetic_Dry_Adhesives.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/169577/2/willvdb_Synthetic_Dry_Adhesive_Design_Expo.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/169577/3/Adhesive_Data.zi

Street Football, Gender and Muslim Youth in the Netherlands

Based on original ethnographic research in a multicultural neighbourhood in The Hague, this open access book gives detailed insights into the challenges, negotiations and resistances girls with Moroccan-Dutch and Muslim backgrounds face in the world of street football. Kathrine van den Bogert traces the experiences of teenage girls who play football in public playgrounds, as well as in a girls’ football competition the girls have set up themselves: Football Girls United. She addresses how race, ethnicity, religion, gender and citizenship are entangled in the access to and construction of the public street football spaces, such as football courts, urban playgrounds and public squares. While Muslim girls in football are often stigmatized and excluded based on their religious and ethnic backgrounds, this book emphasizes their street football practices as critical and creative ways of belonging, both in football and in wider Dutch society. By focussing on a domain largely absent in religion and gender research, namely sport, this book brings forth new perspectives on religious and ethnic diversity in Europe. The football players show that ‘Muslim’ is not always a relevant identity in their lives, and hence urge us to rethink the categories of analysis that we use, and often take for granted, as feminist and intersectional scholars of gender, religion and Islam. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com

Exotendons for Assistance of Human Locomotion

Background: Powered robotic exoskeletons for assistance of human locomotion are currentlyunder development for military and medical applications. The energy requirements for such devices are excessive, and this has become a major obstacle for practical applications. Legged locomotion in many animals, however, is very energy efficient. We propose that poly-articular elastic mechanisms are a major contributor to the economy of locomotion in such specialized animals. Consequently, it should be possible to design unpowered assistive devices that make effective use of similar mechanisms. Methods: A passive assistive technology is presented, based on long elastic cords attached to anexoskeleton and guided by pulleys placed at the joints. A general optimization procedure is described for finding the best geometrical arrangement of such exotendons for assisting a specific movement. Optimality is defined either as minimal residual joint moment or as minimal residual joint power. Four specific exotendon systems with increasing complexity are considered. Representative human gait data were used to optimize each of these four systems to achieve maximal assistance for normal walking. Results: The most complex exotendon system, with twelve pulleys per limb, was able to reduce the joint moments required for normal walking by 71% and joint power by 74%. A simpler system, with only three pulleys per limb, could reduce joint moments by 46% and joint power by 47%. Conclusion: It is concluded that unpowered passive elastic devices can substantially reduce the muscle forces and the metabolic energy needed for walking, without requiring a change in movement. When optimally designed, such devices may allow independent locomotion in patients with large deficits in muscle function

MODELlNG AND COMPUTER SIMULATION IN SPORTS BIOMECHANICS: APPLICATION TO THE PREVENTION OF KNEE LIGAMENT INJURIES

Mathematical models of musculoskeletal dynamics have become important tools in sport biomechanics. Inverse dynamic analysis is now routinely applied to obtain estimates of internal forces in the human body, using external force and motion data collected during sport movements. Forward dynamic analysis can generate new, hypothetical movements via computer simulation, and thus explore the effect of movement technique, equipment, and muscle properties on sport performance. Forward dynamic computational models also offer a unique opportunity to study sport injuries without exposing human subjects to unacceptable risks. This keynote presentation will present methods for forward dynamic musculoskeletal modeling, and their application towards our long-term goal of preventing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in sport

Real-time simulation of three-dimensional shoulder girdle and arm dynamics

Electrical stimulation is a promising technology for the restoration of arm function in paralyzed individuals. Control of the paralyzed arm under electrical stimulation, however, is a challenging problem that requires advanced controllers and command interfaces for the user. A real-time model describing the complex dynamics of the arm would allow user-in-the-loop type experiments where the command interface and controller could be assessed. Real-time models of the arm previously described have not included the ability to model the independently controlled scapula and clavicle, limiting their utility for clinical applications of this nature. The goal of this study therefore was to evaluate the performance and mechanical behavior of a real-time, dynamic model of the arm and shoulder girdle. The model comprises seven segments linked by eleven degrees of freedom and actuated by 138 muscle elements. Polynomials were generated to describe the muscle lines of action to reduce computation time, and an implicit, first-order Rosenbrock formulation of the equations of motion was used to increase simulation step-size. The model simulated flexion of the arm faster than real time, simulation time being 92% of actual movement time on standard desktop hardware. Modeled maximum isometric torque values agreed well with values from the literature, showing that the model simulates the moment-generating behavior of a real human arm. The speed of the model enables experiments where the user controls the virtual arm and receives visual feedback in real time. The ability to optimize potential solutions in simulation greatly reduces the burden on the user during development