Girişimciliğin ilk aşamasında finansman temin yolları ve finansman temininde karşılaşılan sorunlar: Gaziantep ilinde bir uygulama

Bugün işletmeler gelişen dünya pazarlarında rekabette bulunarak ekonomik ve finansal açıdan avantaj sağlamaktadırlar. İşletmeler, girişimcilerin temel özellikleri ile teknolojiyi kullanan ve geliştiren işletmeler olarak ülkelerin kalkınmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Teknolojik yeniliklerin yanında inovasyona da yatırım yaparak gelişimlerini tamamlarlar. Ancak her alanda olduğu gibi, girişimciler finansal açıdan da sorunlarla karşılaşmaktadırlar. Dolayısıyla işletme sayısının artarak ülkeye katkıda bulunabilmesi için finansman teminindeki sorunları farklı olan girişimcilerin desteklenmeleri ve yönlendirilmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu noktada, girişimcileri desteklemek amacıyla kamu kurum ve kuruluşları ve diğer kuruluşlar faaliyetlerini sürdürmektedir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, girişimciliğin ilk aşamasında finans temin yollarının belirlenerek finansman temin yönteminde karşılaşılan sorunları ortaya koymaktır. Bununla birlikte, bu çalışmada Türkiye’de girişimciliğin temel özellikleri, girişimcilik finansman türleri ve finansman temininde karşılaşılan sorunlara yönelik önerilerin sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında nitel ve nicel araştırma yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Nicel araştırma kapsamında, 408 girişimciye anket uygulanmış, nitel araştırma kapsamında ise 180 girişimciyle yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırma yöntemlerinden elde edilen veriler, çeşitli istatistiksel analizlere tabi tutulmuştur. Girişimciliğin ilk aşamasında, girişimcilerin finansman temininde karşılaştıkları sorunlar belirlenerek, bu sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmuştur. Bu araştırmanın sonucunda, girişimciliğin ilk aşamasında, girişimcilerin finansman temin yöntemi konusunda yeterli derecede bilgi sahibi olmadıkları ve kendi kaynaklarını daha çok kullandıkları tespit edilmiştir

Examining the generalizability of research findings from archival data

This initiative examined systematically the extent to which a large set of archival research findings generalizes across contexts. We repeated the key analyses for 29 original strategic management effects in the same context (direct reproduction) as well as in 52 novel time periods and geographies; 45% of the reproductions returned results matching the original reports together with 55% of tests in different spans of years and 40% of tests in novel geographies. Some original findings were associated with multiple new tests. Reproducibility was the best predictor of generalizability—for the findings that proved directly reproducible, 84% emerged in other available time periods and 57% emerged in other geographies. Overall, only limited empirical evidence emerged for context sensitivity. In a forecasting survey, independent scientists were able to anticipate which effects would find support in tests in new samples

Species richness in marine phytoplankton communities is not correlated to ecosystem productivity

AMT data collection was supported by the UK Natural Environmental Research Council through the Atlantic Meridional Transect consortium (NER/O/S/2001/00680). M.D. was supported by the ERC (BioTIME 250189). This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through project DISTRAL (CTM2011-25035).Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Marine primary productivity is driven by a selection effect

The number of species of autotrophic communities can increase ecosystem productivity through species complementarity or through a selection effect which occurs when the biomass of the community approaches the monoculture biomass of the most productive species. Here we explore the effect of resource supply on marine primary productivity under the premise that the high local species richness of phytoplankton communities increases resource use through transient selection of productive species. Using concurrent measurements of phytoplankton community structure, nitrate fluxes into the euphotic zone, and productivity from a temperate coastal ecosystem, we find that observed productivities are best described by a population growth model in which the dominant species of the community approach their maximum growth rates. We interpret these results as evidence of species selection in communities containing a vast taxonomic repertory. The prevalence of selection effect was supported by open ocean data that show an increase in species dominance across a gradient of nutrient availability. These results highlight the way marine phytoplankton optimize resources and sustain world food stocks. We suggest that the maintenance of phytoplankton species richness is essential to sustain marine primary productivity since it guarantees the occurrence of highly productive species

‘Value-based methodology for person-centred, integrated care supported by Information and Communication Technologies’ (ValueCare) for older people in Europe: study protocol for a pre-post controlled trial

Background Older people receive care from multiple providers which often results in a lack of coordination. The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) enabled value-based methodology for integrated care (ValueCare) project aims to develop and implement efficient outcome-based, integrated health and social care for older people with multimorbidity, and/or frailty, and/or mild to moderate cognitive impairment in seven sites (Athens, Greece; Coimbra, Portugal; Cork/Kerry, Ireland; Rijeka, Croatia; Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Treviso, Italy; and Valencia, Spain). We will evaluate the implementation and the outcomes of the ValueCare approach. This paper presents the study protocol of the ValueCare project; a protocol for a pre-post controlled study in seven large-scale sites in Europe over the period between 2021 and 2023. Methods A pre-post controlled study design including three time points (baseline, post-intervention after 12 months, and follow-up after 18 months) and two groups (intervention and control group) will be utilised. In each site, (net) 240 older people (120 in the intervention group and 120 in the control group), 50–70 informal caregivers (e.g. relatives, friends), and 30–40 health and social care practitioners will be invited to participate and provide informed consent. Self-reported outcomes will be measured in multiple domains; for older people: health, wellbeing, quality of life, lifestyle behaviour, and health and social care use; for informal caregivers and health and social care practitioners: wellbeing, perceived burden and (job) satisfaction. In addition, implementation outcomes will be measured in terms of acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, fidelity, and costs. To evaluate differences in outcomes between the intervention and control group (multilevel) logistic and linear regression analyses will be used. Qualitative analysis will be performed on the focus group data. Discussion This study will provide new insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of a value-based methodology for integrated care supported by ICT for older people, their informal caregivers, and health and social care practitioners in seven different European setting