Influencia de la gestión del residuo de un cubierta verde de Lolium multiflorum en la dinámica microbiana edáfica

Hoy en día la agricultura de conservación ha retomado su importancia para lograr proporcionar un manejo adecuado del medio ambiente en el que se asegure la eliminación o reducción de las fuentes de contaminación. Siendo la biomasa microbiana un indicador de los cambios que experimenta la materia orgánica del suelo, una adecuada gestión de los residuos determinara su presencia y por lo tanto el contenido de C y N. En el presente estudio se determinó la influencia que puede presentar las diferentes gestiones del residuo de una cubierta verde de Lolium multiflorum en el suelo : suelo cultivado (CUL), suelo desnudo (CON), suelo con residuos verdes en superficie (LVS), suelo con residuos secos enterrados (LSE), suelo con residuos verdes enterrados (LVE). El ensayo se estableció en Arazuri, Navarra en junio 2010, durante un periodo de 12 meses, realizando 4 muestreos: junio 2010, septiembre 2010, enero 2010 y junio 2011. Se realizó un diseño completamente al azar, con parcelas divididas para los 5 tratamientos, con 6 repeticiones cada uno, para un total de 30 parcelas de 50 cm2. Las variables edáficas medidas fueron tasas de amonio (NH4+), nitrato (NO3-), N (BMN) y C (BMMC) en la biomasa microbiana, Nitrificación Potencial (NP) y la actividad de 4 enzimas : fosfatasa alcalina, amidasa, β-glucosidasa y ureasa. El NH4 + evolucionó de acuerdo a los patrones estacionales, presentando una diferencia significativa entre fechas de muestreos (p< 0.05) mostrando para la época de invierno los valores más altos, mientras que el NO3- no presentó diferencia significativa entre tratamientos (p> 0.05) disminuyendo esporádicamente entre fechas de muestreo. El N (BMN) y C (BMMC) presentaron diferencias entre fechas de muestreo (p< 0.05), presentando los valores más altos con el suelo cultivado (CUL). La Nitrificación Potencial que disminuyó gradualmente, mostro diferencias entre tratamientos (p< 0.05) indicando para el suelo cultivado (CUL) los valores más altos. Todas las enzimas a excepción de la fosfatasa alcalina no difirieron entre tratamientos, presentando una diferencia significativa entre fechas de muestreo (p< 0.05). Con respecto a los resultados, las diferentes gestiones de residuos de L.multiflorum en medio y largo plazo, no presentaron alguna inhibición para los procesos biológicos edáficos.Today agriculture conservation has resumed its importance in provide proper management of the environment in which to ensure the removal or reduction of pollution sources. Microbial biomass its being an indicator of the changes in soil organic matter, a proper waste management will determine its presence and therefore the contents of C and N. In this study we investigated the influence that can present the differents management of Lolium multiflorum residue of a green cover on the floor: cultivated land (CUL), bare soil (CON), green waste ground surface (LVS), soil with dry residues buried (LSE), green waste burial ground (LVE). The study was established in Arazuri, Navarra in June 2010 during a period of 12 months, with four samples: june 2010, september 2010, january 2010 and june 2011. We conducted a randomized design with split plot for the 5 treatments with 6 replicates each, for a total of 30 plots of 50 cm2. The variables measured were rates of ammonium (NH4 +), nitrate (NO3 -), N (BMN) and C (BMC) in microbial biomass, potential nitrification (NP) and the activity of 4 enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, amidase, β -glucosidase and urease. The NH4 + evolved according to seasonal patterns, showing a significant difference between sampling dates (p <0.05) showing up for the winter season the highest values, while NO3-did not show a significant difference between treatments (p> 0.05) decreasing sporadically between sampling dates. The N (BMN) and C (BMC) showed differences between sampling dates (p <0.05), presenting the highest values under cultivated land (CUL). The nitrification potential decreased gradually, showed differences between treatments (p <0.05) indicating for cultivated land (CUL) the highest values. All enzymes except alkaline phosphatase did not differ between treatments, but showing a significant difference between sampling dates (p <0.05). With respect to the results, the diferents management of L.multiflorum waste in medium and long term did not present any inhibition for soil biological processes.Máster Universitario en Agrobiología AmbientalUnibertsitate Masterra Ingurumen Agrobiologia

In vitro evaluation of frictional resistance between ceramic brackets and orthodontic steel arches with and without glass coatings applied by sol-gel method

ABSTRACT: To compare the in vitro static and dynamic frictional resistance between ceramic brackets and stainless steel wires with and without glass coatings applied by sol-gel method. Methods: 58 commercial stainless steel orthodontic wires AISI 304 (0.016 x 0.016 inch) were prepared with and without vitreous coating applied by Sol- Gel method. The in vitro static and dynamic frictional resistance of the wires on the mono-crystalline ceramic brackets were evaluated; also, the wire surfaces were characterized by means of Optical Microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Results: statistically significant differences were found between both groups under static (p = 0.000) as well as dynamic (p = 0.001) friction test. The friction values found in the coated group were higher (Static friction: 1.78 ± 0.44 N, Dynamic friction: 1.75 ± 0.49 N) than the group with no coating (Static friction: 1.37 ± 0.31 N, Dynamic friction: 1.41 ± 0.27 N). Characterization by SEM showed surface defects in both groups after the friction tests. Conclusion: the evaluated coatings did not perform better in terms of frictional behavior on sapphire mono-crystalline ceramic brackets when compared with the control group.RESUMEN: Comparar la resistencia friccional estática y dinámica in vitro entre brackets cerámicos y alambres de acero inoxidable con recubrimiento vítreo aplicado por el método Sol-Gel y sin él. Métodos: se prepararon 58 alambres de acero inoxidable AISI 304 de 0.016 x 0.016 con recubrimiento vítreo aplicado por Sol-Gel y sin él. Posteriormente se evaluó la resistencia a la fricción estática y dinámica in vitro de los alambres sobre brackets cerámicos de zafiro monocristalino y se caracterizaron las superficies en contacto por microscopia óptica y electrónica de barrido (SEM). Resultados: se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos tanto para la fuerza de fricción estática (p = 0,000) como dinámica (p = 0,001). El grupo de los alambres recubiertos presentó una fuerza de fricción estática y dinámica mayor (estática: 1,78 ± 0,44 N, dinámica: 1,75 ± 0,49 N) que el grupo sin recubrimientos (estática: 1,37 ± 0,31 N, dinámica: 1,41 ± 0,27 N). La caracterización por SEM mostró que se producen defectos superficiales en los recubrimientos después de las pruebas de fricción. Conclusión: los recubrimientos evaluados no mostraron mejor comportamiento friccional sobre brackets de zafiro monocristalino cuando son comparados con el grupo control

The Research Journey as a Challenge Towards New Trends

The academic community of the department of Risaralda, in its permanent interest in evidencing the results of the research processes that are carried out from the Higher Education Institutions and as a product of the VI meeting of researchers of the department of Risaralda held in November 2021 presents its work: “The journey of research as a challenge towards new trends”, which reflects the result of the latest research and advances in different lines of knowledge in Agricultural Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology and Information Sciences, which seek to solve and meet the demands of the different sectors. This work would not have been possible without the help of each of the teachers, researchers and authors who presented their articles that make up each of the chapters of the book, to them our gratitude for their commitment, dedication and commitment, since their sole purpose is to contribute from the academy and science to scientific and technological development in the search for the solution of problems and thus contribute to transform the reality of our society and communities. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the institutions of the Network that made this publication possible: UTP, UCP, UNAD, UNIREMINGTON; UNISARC, CIAF, Universidad Libre, Uniclaretiana, Fundación Universitaria Comfamiliar and UNIMINUTO, institutions that in one way or another allowed this work to become a reality, which we hope will be of interest to you.Preface............................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Technologies and Engineering Towards a humanization in Engineering using soft skills in training in Engineers.............................................................................................................11 Omar Iván Trejos Buriticá1, Luis Eduardo Muñoz Guerrero Innovative materials in construction: review from a bibliometric analysis....................................................................................................................27 Cristian Osorio Gómez, Daniel Aristizábal Torres, Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Cristhian Camilo Amariles López Bibliometric review of disaster risk management: progress, trends, and challenges.........................................................................................................51 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Gloria Milena Molina Vinasco. Incidence of land coverage and geology, in the unstability of lands of the micro-basin of the Combia creek, Pereira, Risaralda....................................73 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Daniel Aristizábal Torres. Chapter 2. Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Training experience with teachers teaching mathematics using the inquiry methodology ...............................................................................................95 Vivian Libeth Uzuriaga López, Héctor Gerardo Sánchez Bedoya. Interpretation of the multiple representations of the fears associated to the boarding of limited visual patients in the elective I students’ written productions and low vision ...................................................................................113 Eliana Bermúdez Cardona, Ana María Agudelo Guevara, Caterine Villamarín Acosta. The relevance of local knowledge in social sciences............................................131 Alberto Antonio Berón Ospina, Isabel Cristina Castillo Quintero. Basic education students’ conceptions of conflict a view from the peace for the education....................................................................................................143 Astrid Milena Calderón Cárdenas,Carolina Aguirre Arias, Carolina Franco Ossa, Martha Cecilia Gutiérrez Giraldo, Orfa Buitrago. Comprehensive risk prevention in educational settings: an interdisciplinary and socio-educational approach ............................................................................163 Olga María Henao Trujillo, Claudia María López Ortiz. Chapter 3. Natural and Agricultural Sciences Physicochemical characterization of three substrates used in the deep bedding system in swine .......................................................................................175 Juan Manuel Sánchez Rubio, Andrés Felipe Arias Roldan, Jesús Arturo Rincón Sanz, Jaime Andrés Betancourt Vásquez. Periodic solutions in AFM models........................................................................187 Daniel Cortés Zapata, Alexander Gutiérrez Gutiérrez. Phenology in flower and fruit of Rubus glaucus benth. Cv. Thornless in Risaralda: elements for phytosanitary management .........................................199 Shirley Palacios Castro, Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, James Montoya Lerma, Ricardo Flórez, Harry Josué Pérez. Socio-economic and technical characterization of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) in Risaralda..............................................................217 Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, Kelly Saudith Castañez Poveda, Eliana Gómez Correa. Biosecurity management in backyard systems in Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda................................................................................................................227 Julia Victoria Arredondo Botero, Jaiver Estiben Ocampo Jaramillo, Juan Sebastián Mera Vallejo, Álvaro de Jesús Aranzazu Hernández. CONTENTS Physical-chemical diagnosis of soils in hillside areas with predominance of Lulo CV. La Selva production system in the department of Risaralda.............241 Adriana Patricia Restrepo Gallón, María Paula Landinez Montes, Jimena Tobón López. Digestibility of three concentrates used in canine feeding....................................271 María Fernanda Mejía Silva, Valentina Noreña Sánchez, Gastón Adolfo Castaño Jiménez. Chapter 4. Economic, Administrative, and Accounting Sciences Financial inclusion in households from socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 in the city of Pereira ..................................................................................................285 Lindy Neth Perea Mosquera, Marlen Isabel Redondo Ramírez, Angélica Viviana Morales. Internal marketing strategies as a competitive advantage for the company Mobilautos SAS de Dosquebradas........................................................................303 Inés Montoya Sánchez, Sandra Patricia Viana Bolaños, Ana María Barrera Rodríguez. Uses of tourist marketing in the tourist sector of the municipality of Belén de Umbría, Risaralda.............................................................................................319 Ana María Barrera Rodríguez, Paola Andrea Echeverri Gutiérrez, María Camila Parra Buitrago, Paola Andrea Martín Muñoz, Angy Paola Ángel Vélez, Luisa Natalia Trejos Ospina. Territorial prospective of Risaralda department (Colombia), based on the SDGS...............................................................................................................333 Juan Guillermo Gil García, Samanta Londoño Velásquez. Chapter 5. Health and Sports Sciences Performance evaluation in times of pandemic. What do medical students think?.......................................................................................................353 Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Rodolfo A. Cabrales Vega, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez. The relevance of the therapist’s self and self-reference in the training of psychologists.....................................................................................................371 Maria Paula Marmolejo Lozano, Mireya Ospina Botero. Habits related to oral health which influence lifestyle of elder people in a wellness center for the elderly in Pereira 2020. .............................................387 Isadora Blanco Pérez, Olga Patricia Ramírez Rodríguez, Ángela María Rincón Hurtado. Analysis of the suicide trend in the Coffee Region in Colombia during the years 2012-2018 ..............................................................................................405 Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, Jennifer Nessim Salazar, Jairo Franco Londoño, Juan Carlos Medina Osorio. Hind limb long bone fractures in canines and felines...........................................419 María Camila Cruz Vélez, Valentina Herrera Morales, Alba Nydia Restrepo Jiménez, Lina Marcela Palomino, Gabriel Rodolfo Izquierdo Bravo. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in the rural and urban area of Risaralda....................................................................................................439 Angela María Álvarez López, Angela Liceth Pérez Rendón, Alejandro Gómez Rodas, Luis Enrique Isaza Velásquez. Chapter 6. Architecture, Design and Advertising The artisan crafts of Risaralda, characteristics, importance, and risks within the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape, CCCL....................................457 Yaffa Nahir Ivette Gómez Barrera, Javier Alfonso López Morales