BRAZILIAN MULTI-SOCIETY POSITION STATEMENT ON EMERGING BARIATRIC AND METABOLIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES

ABSTRACT This Brazilian multi-society position statement on emerging bariatric and metabolic surgical procedures was issued by the Brazilian Society of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery (SBCBM), the Brazilian College of Digestive Surgery (CBCD), and the Brazilian College of Surgeons (CBC). This document is the result of a Brazilian Emerging Surgeries Forum aimed at evaluating the results of surgeries that are not yet listed in the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), the regulatory agency that oversees and regulates medical practice in Brazil. The Forum integrated more than 400 specialists and academics with extensive knowledge about bariatric and metabolic surgery, representing the three surgical societies: SBCBM, CBC, and CBCD. International speakers participated online and presented their experiences with the techniques under discussion, emphasizing the regulatory policies in their countries. The indications for surgery and the subsequent procedures were carefully reviewed, including one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), single anastomosis duodeno-ileal with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S or OADS), sleeve gastrectomy with transit bipartition (SGTB), and sleeve gastrectomy with ileal interposition (SGII). The recommendations of this document are based on an extensive literature review and discussions among bariatric surgery specialists from the three surgical societies. We concluded that patients with a body mass index over 30 kg/m2 may be candidates for metabolic surgery in the presence of comorbidities (arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes) with no response to clinical treatment of obesity or in the control of other associated diseases. Regarding the surgical procedures, we concluded that OAGB, OADS, and SGTB are associated with low morbidity rates, satisfactory weight loss, and resolution of obesity-related comorbidities such as diabetes and arterial hypertension. SGII was considered a good and viable promising surgical alternative technique. The recommendations of this statement aim to synchronize our societies with the sentiments and understandings of most of our members and also serve as a guide for future decisions regarding bariatric surgical procedures in our country and worldwide

Esophageal motility, symptoms, food intake and weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

BACKGROUND: Abnormal manometry findings can be found in the obese population. It is controversial if the manometry should be used to choose the adequate operation or if the motility status could predict symptomatic outcomes. AIM: To correlate the esophageal motility with postoperative symptoms, alimentary outcome and weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. METHODS: One hundred and fourteen patients were submitted to the operation and were prospectively studied. They had no GERD symptoms or diseases that might interfere with esophageal motor function. One year after surgery patients were interviewed regarding current symptoms and eating habits. RESULTS: Excess weight loss was 66.2 %. Sixty (52.6%) patients had an abnormal manometry. Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter was found in 18 (16%) patients and hypotonic sphincter in 31 (27%). Dumping syndrome was mentioned by 27 (23.6%) patients and 21 (18.4%) complained of regurgitation. Excellent, good, moderate and poor alimentary outcome was present in 32 (28%), 31 (27.2%), 39 (34.2%), 12 (11.6%) patients, respectively. Sphincter pressure and esophageal amplitude did not correlate with excess weight loss. Its average was significantly higher for patients with hypertensive esophageal amplitude. Regurgitation was more frequent in patients with a hypotensive sphincter. There is no correlation between dumping and sphincter pressure status; between dumping or regurgitation and esophageal amplitude; between alimentary outcomes and sphincter pressure status or esophageal amplitude. CONCLUSION: Esophageal manometry before Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is of limited clinical significance.RACIONAL: Achados anormais de manometria podem ser encontrados na população obesa. É controverso se a manometria deveria ser usada para escolher a técnica cirúrgica e se a função esofágica poderia prever os sintomas pós-operatórios. OBJETIVO: Correlacionar a motilidade do esôfago com sintomas pós-operatórios, resultado alimentar e perda de peso após a derivação gástrica em Y de Roux. MÉTODO: Cento e catorze pacientes submetidos à derivação foram estudados prospectivamente. Eles não apresentavam sintomas de refluxo gastroesofágico ou doenças que pudessem interferir com a função motora do esôfago. Um ano após a operação foram entrevistados sobre os sintomas e hábitos alimentares. RESULTADOS: A perda do excesso de peso foi de 66,2%. Sessenta pacientes (52,6%) tiveram manometria anormal; quarenta e nove (43%) alterações manométricas no esfíncter inferior do esôfago no pré-operatório; pressão elevada em 18 pacientes (16%) e baixa em 31 (27%). A síndrome de dumping foi encontrada em 27 (23,6%) pacientes e 21 (18,4%) queixaram-se de regurgitação. Resultado alimentar excelente, bom, moderado e pobre esteve presente em 32 (28%), 31 (27,2%), 39 (34,2%), 12 (11,6%) pacientes, respectivamente. A pressão do esfíncter inferior e amplitude de contração do esôfago não se correlacionam com perda do excesso de peso, cuja média foi significativamente maior para os pacientes com hipertensão na amplitude de contração. Regurgitação foi mais frequente em pacientes com hipotonia do esfíncter. Não houve correlação entre dumping e pressão do esfíncter inferior; entre amplitude de contração e dumping ou regurgitação; entre os resultados alimentares e pressão do esfíncter ou amplitude de contração do esôfago. CONCLUSÃO: A manometria esofágica antes da derivação é de importância clínica limitada.Universidade Estadual de Londrina Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade Estadual de Londrina Hospital UniversitárioUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de CirurgiaSciEL

Acurácia da ressonância magnética para identificar lesões traumáticas intra-articulares do joelho

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging of the knee in identifying traumatic intraarticular knee lesions. METHOD: 300 patients with a clinical diagnosis of traumatic intraarticular knee lesions underwent prearthoscopic magnetic resonance imaging. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, likelihood ratio for a positive test, likelihood ratio for a negative test, and accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging were calculated relative to the findings during arthroscopy in the studied structures of the knee (medial meniscus, lateral meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and articular cartilage). RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging produced the following results regarding detection of lesions: medial meniscus: sensitivity 97.5%, specificity 92.9%, positive predictive value 93.9%, positive negative value 97%, likelihood positive ratio 13.7, likelihood negative ratio 0.02, and accuracy 95.3%; lateral meniscus: sensitivity 91.9%, specificity 93.6%, positive predictive value 92.7%, positive negative value 92.9%, likelihood positive ratio 14.3, likelihood negative ratio 0.08, and accuracy 93.6%; anterior cruciate ligament: sensitivity 99.0%, specificity 95.9%, positive predictive value 91.9%, positive negative value 99.5%, likelihood positive ratio 21.5, likelihood negative ratio 0.01, and accuracy 96.6%; posterior cruciate ligament: sensitivity 100%, specificity 99%, positive predictive value 80.0%, positive negative value 100%, likelihood positive ratio 100, likelihood negative ratio 0.01, and accuracy 99.6%; articular cartilage: sensitivity 76.1%, specificity 94.9%, positive predictive value 94.7%, positive negative value 76.9%, likelihood positive ratio 14.9, likelihood negative ratio 0.25, and accuracy 84.6%. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging is a satisfactory diagnostic tool for evaluating meniscal and ligamentous lesions of the knee, but it is unable to clearly identify articular cartilage lesions.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a validade da ressonância magnética do joelho no diagnóstico das lesões intra-articulares traumáticas do joelho. MÉTODO: População de 300 pacientes, com quadro clínico sugestivo de lesões intra-articulares traumáticas do joelho, que tiveram seus laudos de ressonância magnética comparados com os resultados obtidos nas artroscopias realizadas posteriormente. Foram calculados a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo, valor preditivo negativo, razão de verossimilhança positiva, razão de verossimilhança negativa e acurácia da ressonância magnética do joelho para o diagnóstico de lesões em cada estrutura intra-articular estudada do joelho (menisco medial, menisco lateral, ligamento cruzado anterior, ligamento cruzado posterior e cartilagem articular). RESULTADOS: Em relação às lesões do menisco medial, a sensibilidade da ressonância magnética foi de 97.5%, a especificidade de 92.9% o valor preditivo positivo de 93.9%, o valor preditivo negativo de 97%, a razão de verossimilhança positiva de 13.7, a razão de verossimilhança negativa de 0.02 e a acurácia de 95.3%. Para o menisco lateral, a sensibilidade da ressonância magnética foi de 91.9%, a especificidade de 93.6%, o valor preditivo positivo de 92.7%, o valor preditivo negativo de 92.9%, a razão de verossimilhança positiva de 14.3, a razão de verossimilhança negativa de 0.08 e a acurácia de 93.6%. Para o ligamento cruzado anterior, a sensibilidade da ressonância magnética foi de 99.0%, a especificidade de 95.4%, o valor preditivo positivo de 91.9%, o valor preditivo negativo de 99.5%, a razão de verossimilhança positiva de 21.5, a razão de verossimilhança negativa de 0.01 e a acurácia de 96.6%. Para o ligamento cruzado posterior, a sensibilidade da ressonância magnética foi de 100%, a especificidade de 99%, o valor preditivo positivo de 80%, o valor preditivo negativo de 100%, a razão de verossimilhança positiva de 100, a razão de verossimilhança negativa de 0.01 e a acurácia de 99.6%. Para as lesões condrais a sensibilidade da ressonância magnética foi de 76.1%, a especificidade de 94.9%, o valor preditivo positivo de 94.7%, o valor preditivo negativo de 76.9%, a razão de verossimilhança positiva de 14.9, a razão de verossimilhança negativa de 0.25 e a acurácia de 84.6%. CONCLUSÃO: A ressonância magnética apresenta alta acurácia para identificar as lesões meniscais e ligamentares do joelho, mas é insatisfatória para diagnosticar as lesões da cartilagem articular

Accuracy of magnetic resonance in identifying traumatic intraarticular knee lesions

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging of the knee in identifying traumatic intraarticular knee lesions. METHOD: 300 patients with a clinical diagnosis of traumatic intraarticular knee lesions underwent prearthoscopic magnetic resonance imaging. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, likelihood ratio for a positive test, likelihood ratio for a negative test, and accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging were calculated relative to the findings during arthroscopy in the studied structures of the knee (medial meniscus, lateral meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and articular cartilage). RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging produced the following results regarding detection of lesions: medial meniscus: sensitivity 97.5%, specificity 92.9%, positive predictive value 93.9%, positive negative value 97%, likelihood positive ratio 13.7, likelihood negative ratio 0.02, and accuracy 95.3%; lateral meniscus: sensitivity 91.9%, specificity 93.6%, positive predictive value 92.7%, positive negative value 92.9%, likelihood positive ratio 14.3, likelihood negative ratio 0.08, and accuracy 93.6%; anterior cruciate ligament: sensitivity 99.0%, specificity 95.9%, positive predictive value 91.9%, positive negative value 99.5%, likelihood positive ratio 21.5, likelihood negative ratio 0.01, and accuracy 96.6%; posterior cruciate ligament: sensitivity 100%, specificity 99%, positive predictive value 80.0%, positive negative value 100%, likelihood positive ratio 100, likelihood negative ratio 0.01, and accuracy 99.6%; articular cartilage: sensitivity 76.1%, specificity 94.9%, positive predictive value 94.7%, positive negative value 76.9%, likelihood positive ratio 14.9, likelihood negative ratio 0.25, and accuracy 84.6%. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging is a satisfactory diagnostic tool for evaluating meniscal and ligamentous lesions of the knee, but it is unable to clearly identify articular cartilage lesions