Support or Nonthreat? An Investigation of an Ambiguity in the concept of the Ego Support Value

The investigation was designed to explore the concept of ego support. It was hypothesized that Wright\u27s direct reward of ego support was not an unitary concept but a dual one, consisting of a support Component and a eomfort component. The investigation was divided into two parts: one part tested the independence of the two components; the second part attempted to determine if Target Persons independently designated as varying in comfort value and support value could be validly identified using the Acquaintance Description Form and a supplementary questionnaire. For Study II same sex, well acquainted pairs of subjects were asked to describe a Target Person, fitted a specified description, supplied by their partner. The results from Study I indicated that the two components were independent for male subjects. The same tendency appeared for females although here the two components showed less independence. Due primarily to the results of Study I, only female subjects were used in Study II. The following conclusions may be drawn: (1) it is possible to create positive and negative conditions of support and comfort; (2) the positive and the negative conditions result in differing degrees of friendship; (3) active support is more important for females than it is for males, and (4) the evidence indicates that ego support is a dual not an unitary concept but further research is needed in this area

The Delineation Between Believer, Rebel, and Heretic: Islamic Heterodoxy in the Late Umayyad Period

This research explores the concept of orthodoxy and heresy in an Islamic context during the late Umayyad period, by investigating two early Islamic heretics, al-Harith ibn Surayj and Jahm ibn Safwan. The goal is to demonstrate the heterodoxical nature of Islam in the early Umayyad period, in contrast to Western Christian model, which more easily delineates between heretic and believer. The role of the caliphate and decline of the Umayyad administration inform the circumstances of the heretics and their condemnation in this period. The case studies are informed by al-Tabari's Târîkh and al-Baladhuri's Ansâb al-Ashrâf, and illuminate the difficult circumstances of a growing Islamic heterodoxy, with the slow codification of Islamic orthodoxy

Reservoir Characterization and Static Earth Modeling for Potential CO2 Storage in Upper Pennsylvanian Cyclothems of Midcontinent, USA

This dissertation details the estimation of CO2 storage volume using reservoir characterization and the building of static earth models in two papers: 1) for Sleepy Hollow Field in Red Willow County, Nebraska and, 2) for Huffstutter Field, Phillips County, Kansas. These models are used to obtain estimates of CO2 storage capacity in stacked carbonate intervals of the Pennsylvanian Lansing and Kansas City groups (LKC). The LKC constitutes a regional succession of interbedded carbonates and shales. Located over the Cambridge Arch of Nebraska, these interbedded units were evaluated for carbon storage potential. Understanding the occurrence of carbonate porosity among the confining shale units in the LKC is key for developing a CO2 storage strategy for the Integrated Midcontinent Stacked Carbon Storage Hub Project as part of DOE-NETL’s Carbon Storage Assurance Facility Enterprise initiative. Petrophysical analysis of wireline logs and existing core samples from Sleepy Hollow and nearby oilfields were studied and show that oolitic grainstone offers superior effective porosity and permeability. Intermediate quality rock is peloidal and skeletal grainstones. The poorest reservoir quality rocks are siliciclastic mudrocks, which include claystones and mudstones. Adsorption of CO2 by clay (predominantly illite) was not investigated here. While illite and other clay minerals can adsorb CO2, mud and clay-rich rocks have been treated as caprocks given their low permeability. Gamma ray log response clearly indicated the depositional cyclicity and was employed in gamma ray facies development to delineate carbonate rocks from mud-dominant lithologies using gamma ray log thresholds. Storage resource estimates were based on the resulting effective porosity model consisting of CO2 storage in saline zones vertically stacked with potential EOR reservoirs in oil-bearing carbonate intervals. Results show that for Sleepy Hollow’s LKC, storage is estimated at 602,157 tonnes CO2/ mile2 (232,494 tonnes CO2/ km2), and Huffstutter is 443,355 tonnes CO2/ mile2 (171,180 tonnes CO2/ km2) when using a storage efficiency factor of 0.1. Although reservoir depth and thickness impose strong conditions on estimated storage capacity, effective porosity was the key parameter that explains the difference in storage between these two fields. The combined area of these two fields is 43 square miles (111.3km2) fields with potential LKC carbon storage of 8.4 Mt at Sleepy Hollow and 13.0 Mt at Huffstutter. This research lays the foundation for a regional stacked carbon storage hub where captured carbon would be piped to existing oilfields for carbon storage and enhanced oil recovery along the Cambridge Arch and the Central Kansas Uplift. Carbon dioxide could also be stored proximal to corn ethanol plants as part of the storage hub. Permeability models were prepared for both sites following customary workflows for CO2 storage projects. Neither permeability models were used here as they do not explicitly fit into the NETLCO2-SCREEN (Goodman et al., 2016) method of storage estimation. However, both were developed in support of ongoing research and would require the contribution of a reservoir engineer to run flow simulations. Flow simulations have been conducted by Battelle (2018, 2019) as part of full field-scale storage assessments for these sites with injection targets of 50 million tonnes CO2 over 30 years

Friends For Good - Wicked: A New Musical and the Idealization of Friendship

This rhetorical analysis explores the relationship between the two main characters, Elphaba and G(a)linda, in the musical Wicked through the interpersonal communication lens of friendship. This article focuses on the role that friendship plays in the musical and suggests that friendship is a relationship that can be stronger than romantic relationships. Through the application of Rawlins’ work on friendship to the relationship between Elphaba and G(a)linda, this analysis suggests that friendship is the most prominent relationship in Wicked. Wicked offers an im-portant message to theatre-goers: Friendship is something to be valued and cherished

Children's production of locative expressions in English : the influence of geometric and extra-geometric factors

The research in this thesis examines the influence that both geometric and extrageometric factors have on children's spatial language production. Over the years it has widely been assumed that spatial prepositions identif' where objects are in the world (geometric factors) and that this is reflected in the semantic representations of these words. More recently, researchers investigating the lexical semantics of spatial prepositions have begun to question this assumption by demonstrating that what objects are and how they are interacting can also affect the way we describe where they are in the world (extra-geometric factors). Following on from research conducted with adults that has demonstrated the importance of both of these factors on spatial language, the main aim of this thesis was to ascertain for the first time whether these factors also influenced children's spatial language production, and if so, when they became important in children's development of spatial expressions. Additionally, due to the paucity of research investigating the production of spatial terms, the Experiments reported in this theis set out to redress the balance. The research in this thesis demonstrated for the first time that both geometric and extra geometric factors influence the production of children's spatial expressions from an early age. In doing so, however, the Experiments reported here were not necessarily revealing as to the nature of the semantic representation of spatial terms, rather they highlighted a different issue; how people make distinctions during a verbal interaction. Evidence is presented that suggests a level of agreement between people regarding the nonconventional use of words. In order to distinguish between functional and non-functional situations, both adults and children used different types of spatial terms to locate an object even when they had a limited number of words in their lexicon. An approach to the whole process of prepositional production is suggested rather than concentrating on what is represented in an individual's lexicon

Fabricating Complex-Shaped Components by Room-Temperature Injection Molding of Aqueous Ceramic Suspension Gels

Water-based ceramic suspension gels (CeraSGels) effectively produced dense, near-net shape ceramic parts by room-temperature injection molding, a novel processing method based on traditional ceramic injection molding. This alternative method eliminated the need for heating and cooling feedstocks to process, as is required in conventional injection molding, through control of the rheological response of the CeraSGels by simply varying polymer content without the use of any harsh crosslinking or curing agents or further chemical processes. The development of room-temperature injection molding initially focused on forming CeraSGels based on alumina, a readily available model material, in order to optimize suspension preparation and processing prior to tailoring the process to zirconium diboride (ZrB2), an ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC) system. CeraSGels were highly loaded (\u3e50 vol.%) with alumina powder and had a minimal amount (≤5 vol.%) of water-soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Rheological study of alumina CeraSGels using parallel plate rheometry revealed that suspensions containing PVP as a viscosity modifier behaved like yield-pseudoplastic fluids at room temperature. Because understanding flow properties of CeraSGels was vital to enable fabrication of ceramic components into useful geometries, estimations of the interparticle interactions, which qualitatively reflected the colloidal stability, of the alumina-PVP suspensions were modeled to correlate with experimental rheological observations. Alumina ring-shaped samples were successfully injection molded at room temperature using CeraSGels containing 1 to 5 vol.% PVP with molecular weight of 55,000 g/mol. Alumina samples could not be produced by room-temperature injection molding using suspensions without PVP additions. Specimens prepared using PVP-containing alumina CeraSGels exhibited high green body strength and machinability prior to binder removal and sintering, and increasing PVP content was observed to enhance green machinability. Alumina rings with high green densities (60-63% true density (TD)) as found using Archimedes technique were obtained after binder removal, which was accomplished by heating specimens at a rate of 2°C/min to 700ºC with an isothermal hold for 1h. In a subsequent heat treatment, specimens were pressureless sintered by heating at a rate of 5°C/min to 1620ºC and holding for 1.5h. Bulk density of sintered samples using the Archimedes technique was found to reach 98%TD with linear shrinkage of The room-temperature injection molding technique was later adapted to ZrB2, a leading UHTC material that was difficult to fabricate into complex shapes due to its high melting temperature (\u3e3000°C) and sensitivity to impurities during sintering. ZrB2-based CeraSGels containing 3.5 wt.% boron carbide (B4C) and 10.5 wt.% tungsten carbide (WC) sintering aids as well as 1 to 3 vol.% PVP with molecular weight 10,000 g/mol exhibited a time-dependent rheological response. Although the shear stress required to initiate flow for ZrB2-based CeraSGels was observed to decrease with increasing PVP content, all suspensions flowed at room temperature to successfully yield dense ring-shaped specimens after binder burnout and sintering. The polymer binder and impurities were removed by a series of heat treatments, which involved heating at a rate of 4°C/min to 600ºC held for 1h in medium vacuum (~10-5 Torr) followed by heating at 10ºC/min to 1650ºC for a 1-h hold at which point argon was flowed into the system and a final ramp at 10ºC/min to 1850ºC for 1.5h that was performed in an inert argon environment, to facilitate pressureless sintering of ZrB2/B4C/WC rings to full density (\u3e98%TD). Microstructural and elemental analysis suggested that the binders did not affect the resulting composition or microstructure of the ZrB2-based specimens as no oxide-containing phase were present. Room-temperature mechanical properties were determined using the ASTM C1323-10 compression test. C-strength values ranged from 30.7 ± 12.0 MPa to 75.1 ± 26.7 MPa for specimens prepared by CeraSGels containing 1 and 3 vol.% PVP, respectively. Further processing improvements are speculated to enhance the resulting mechanical and microstructural properties of ZrB2 specimens prepared using CeraSGels. Room-temperature injection molding of CeraSGels proved to be a viable, environmentally friendly processing alternative to fabricate dense, complex-shaped ceramic components

No Day But Today: Life Perspectives of HIV-Positive Individuals in the Musical Rent

This article explores how life perspectives of HIV-infected individuals are portrayed in the musical Rent. A rhetorical analysis of Rent’s script and lyrics reveals that people living with HIV may hold a particular life perspective after learning that they are HIV-positive; they may seek to leave a legacy, to experience life to the fullest or to devote their lives to others. These emergent themes are consistent with those found in previous research. In addition, this analysis revealed one theme that was not consistent with previous research; this theme is connected to the process of grieving. By understanding how people living with HIV/AIDS perceive the world and their purposes in it, we can better learn how to support them as they battle the disease

A DIET ENRICHED IN STEARIC ACID PROTECTS AGAINST THE PROGRESSION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN LEPTIN RECEPTOR DEFICIENT MICE (DB/DB)

Dietary saturated fat intake contributes to diabetes and cardiovascular disease, as shown in numerous animal and human studies. However, the hypothesis that stearic acid, a saturated fat, has beneficial effects on these conditions has not been adequately tested. Leptin receptor deficient mice (db/db) and wild-type mice were fed either chow or a high fat diet enriched in either stearic acid or oleic acid for ten weeks. The progression of diabetes was evaluated with blood glucose, insulin, and metabolic parameter measurements. At the conclusion of the study, pancreatic islet organization was examined, and blood, liver and feces were assayed for fatty acid content. The stearic acid enriched diet prevented increases in blood glucose levels independently of weight loss in db/db mice compared to an oleic acid or chow diet. Diabetic mice fed stearic acid maintained insulin responsiveness and pancreatic islet organization compared to the db/db mice fed chow and oleic diets. The islet organization of the stearic acid fed mice did not change over the course of the study and was similar to that of wild-type mice fed the same diet. Conversely, diabetic mice fed oleic acid and chow diets had decreased insulin responsiveness and disorganized islets. Stearic acid fed db/db mice had high fecal fat content and caloric intake calculations indicated low absorption of this fat. Switching to stearic acid after prolonged hyperglycemia had a rescue effect on blood glucose levels. After feeding diabetic and wild-type mice standard chow diets for 6, 8, and 10 weeks to establish hyperglycemia, mice switched to a high fat diet enriched in stearic acid, but not one enriched in oleic acid diet, had significant reductions in blood glucose levels. The ability of a stearic acid enriched high fat diet to slow the progression of diabetes and reverse hyperglycemia in db/db mice argues that risks and benefits of fats in the diet depend on the chemical structure, rather than the chemical class, of fats ingested. The beneficial effect of stearic acid appears to be associated with a decreased absorption of dietary fat

A fine group of fellows: Civilian advisors, Eisenhower, and national security planning

When President Dwight Eisenhower took office in January 1953, he was immediately faced with the challenges of the cold war. Throughout his two terms Eisenhower was forced to adapt to political changes within the Soviet Union, the advent of the hydrogen bomb, the development of ICBMs, and the dangers of radioactive fallout. Constantly facing new threats and fears in a rapidly changing technological world, Eisenhower often had to rethink certain security issues and make critical decisions. One tool which Eisenhower used to help him in his decision-making process was civilian committees. Historian Richard Immerman recently wrote, Eisenhower unquestionably valued civilian input. But why he did so is less clear. 1 This study explains why Eisenhower used civilian committees as part of his decision-making process in national security planning and why he stopped using them. There are three examples of civilian committees which highlight Eisenhower\u27s decision-making process, his devotion to the \u27Great Equation,\u27 his strategic thinking, and his response to the rapid changes brought about by scientific and technological advances in weapon development and national security: the Solarium Exercise (1953), the Killian Committee (1955), and the Gaither Committee (1957).2. My thesis is that using civilian committees was an integral part of Eisenhower\u27s decision-making process as long as he controlled the groups. They brought to the NSC deliberations a fresh, frequently changing civilian point of view. 3 They allowed the president and his national security staff to hear all sides of a debate. They served as educators and often recommended innovative solutions to national security problems. They served without being burdened by political or interservice rivalries. And Eisenhower used them deliberately. When the Gaither Committee did not operate within the rules Eisenhower had come to expect from these committees, he reevaluated the usefulness of such committees and decided against their use. The press leaks and campaigning by Gaither Committee members for the report made it difficult for Eisenhower to use the committee\u27s report as he had intended. He lost control of the process, became suspicious of the service of civilians, and ultimately left office warning the public about the danger of public policy becoming captive of the scientific-technological elite. 4. 1Immerman, review of The Gaither Committee, Eisenhower, and the Cold War, by David Snead, H-Net Reviews , November 2000, . 2The official name of the Killian Committee, chaired by James Killian, was the Technological Capabilities Panel. The official name of the Gaither Committee, chaired by Rowan Gaither, was The Security Resources Panel. 3Letter Lay to Coller, 7/25/55, EL, WHO OSANSA, NSC Series, Administrative Sub series, Box 4 Consultants-NSC July 1954--Aug 1956] (4). 4Eisenhower, Farewell Address, Public Papers of the President, 1960--61