The effect of high intensity interval exercise on postprandial triacylglycerol and leukocyte activation - monitored for 48h post exercise

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A New-Age for Biologic Therapies: Long-Term Drug-Free Therapy with BiP?

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) and other members of the much broader stress protein family have been shown to play important roles in coordinating multiple phases of immunological reactions; from facilitating immunological recognition, to promoting and regulating immunological responses and finally augmenting the resolution of inflammation and return to immunological homeostasis. In this review, we consider the challenges facing the stress protein field as we enter 2012; in particular we consider the role that HSPs and stress proteins may play in the initiation and termination of immunological responses. Special attention is afforded to the resolution-associated molecular pattern, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP, also known as glucose regulated protein-78). We review the evidence that resolution-promoting proteins such as BiP may herald a new generation of biologics for inflammatory disease and reflect on the challenges of achieving clinical remission in rheumatoid arthritis with novel therapeutics and correlating clinical remission with immunological parameters of resolution of inflammation

Effect of drying and extrusion processing on physical and nutritional characteristics of bilberry press cake extrudates

Mild drying and extrusion processing of side streams from berry juice production can enable retention of valuable compounds in the food chain and reduce waste production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of using hot air (HA) and microwave assisted hot air (MWHA) drying combined with extrusion for conversion of bilberry press cake into value-added extruded food products. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) press cake was dried at 40 °C by HA and MWHA drying to a moisture content of 17% (w/w). A twin screw extruder (average feed rate 72 g/min, temperature profile 135-128-89-69 °C) was used to extrude products containing organic wholegrain rye flour and 10 % or 25 % dried bilberry press cake powder. A consumer panel (n = 15) evalutaed four extrudates on hedonic and Just-about-rigth (JAR) scales, with a mian focus on textrue properties. The results indicate that different drying tecniques implied a difference in processing time (40 % reduction with MWHA drying). However, the retention of total phenolics, physical characteristics and sensory attributes of extruded snacks containing bilberry powders were independent of drying techniques. In sum, powder of bilberry press cake can be incorporated in cereal extruded snacks with enhanced phenolic content and potential for palatable sensory properties

The democratic engagement of Britain's ethnic minorities

Democratic engagement is a multi-faceted phenomenon that embraces citizens' involvement with electoral politics, their participation in ‘conventional’ extra-parliamentary political activity, their satisfaction with democracy and trust in state institutions, and their rejection of the use of violence for political ends. Evidence from the 2010 BES and EMBES shows that there are important variations in patterns of democratic engagement across Britain's different ethnic-minority groups and across generations. Overall, ethnic-minority engagement is at a similar level to and moved by the same general factors that influence the political dispositions of whites. However, minority democratic engagement is also strongly affected by a set of distinctive ethnic-minority perceptions and experiences, associated particularly with discrimination and patterns of minority and majority cultural engagement. Second-generation minorities who grew up in Britain are less, rather than more, likely to be engaged

Microbial and metabolic succession on common building materials under high humidity conditions.

Despite considerable efforts to characterize the microbial ecology of the built environment, the metabolic mechanisms underpinning microbial colonization and successional dynamics remain unclear, particularly at high moisture conditions. Here, we applied bacterial/viral particle counting, qPCR, amplicon sequencing of the genes encoding 16S and ITS rRNA, and metabolomics to longitudinally characterize the ecological dynamics of four common building materials maintained at high humidity. We varied the natural inoculum provided to each material and wet half of the samples to simulate a potable water leak. Wetted materials had higher growth rates and lower alpha diversity compared to non-wetted materials, and wetting described the majority of the variance in bacterial, fungal, and metabolite structure. Inoculation location was weakly associated with bacterial and fungal beta diversity. Material type influenced bacterial and viral particle abundance and bacterial and metabolic (but not fungal) diversity. Metabolites indicative of microbial activity were identified, and they too differed by material

Early school leaving: obstetrical and neonatal risks

Introduction: Maternal mortality remains very high in Madagascar. In addition, women's education level is low. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of the maternal educational level on the obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.Methods: This is a retrospective analytical study of primiparae with seven years of study or less to patients with more than seven years of study at Zafisaona Gabriel Mahajanga university hospital center.Results: Prematurity was higher in low-grade patients (RR=2.6 (1.04-6.51)), and low birth weight was the leading cause of neonatal morbidity (RR=3.52). Pregnancy screening, maternal morbimortality, caesarean section, neonatal death and fetal intrauterine death were identical between the two groups.Conclusions: Education has a positive impact on maternal health. An education on pregnancy outcomes should be done at school

Obstetrical and neonatal prognosis of a teenage primiparous pregnancy at the Zafisaona Gabriel Majunga university hospital center

Background: Women's fertility is early and high in Madagascar. Through this study, want to know the obstetric and neonatal risks in teenage primiparous pregnancies.Methods: Carried out a retrospective comparative study of teenage primiparous pregnancies who gave birth beyond 22 weeks of amenorrhea (SA) at the Zafisaona Gabriel Mahajanga university hospital between the period from January 1 to March 31, 2015. The control group is made up of first-time mothers aged 20 to 35 who gave birth in the same center.Results: The mean age of the patients was 16.77±1.12 years. In 43.1% of cases, the pregnancy was poorly followed. 22.41% of new-borns to adolescent mothers were hypotrophic at birth. Teenage primiparous pregnancies had a risk of poor pregnancy monitoring compared to their elders (RR: 2.17, 95% CI [1.35-3.47]) and a risk of giving birth to a low birth weight child (RR: 2.1, 95% CI [1.05-4.44]). The risk of preeclampsia, death in utero, caesarean section, instrumental extraction was identical between the two groups. Regarding the outcome of newborns, the frequency of premature birth, early neonatal infection, neonatal asphyxia, early neonatal death was not significant.Conclusions: Apart from fetal hypotrophy, adolescent girls have the same maternal, fetal and neonatal prognosis as their elders

Effect of sieving on ex-situ soil respiration of soils from three land use types

This study aims to investigate the effect of sieving on ex situ soil respiration (CO2 flux) measurements from different land use types. We collected soils (0–10 cm) from arable, grassland and woodland sites, allocated them to either sieved (4-mm mesh, freshly sieved) or intact core treatments and incubated them in gas-tight jars for 40 days at 10 °C. Headspace gas was collected on days 1, 3, 17, 24, 31 and 38 and CO2 analysed. Our results showed that sieving (4 mm) did not significantly influence soil respiration measurements, probably because micro aggregates (< 0.25 mm) remain intact after sieving. However, soils collected from grassland soil released more CO2 compared with those collected from woodland and arable soils, irrespective of sieving treatments. The higher CO2 from grassland soil compared with woodland and arable soils was attributed to the differences in the water holding capacity and the quantity and stoichiometry of the organic matter between the three soils. We conclude that soils sieved prior to ex situ respiration experiments provide realistic respiration measurements. This finding lends support to soil scientists planning a sampling strategy that better represents the inhomogeneity of field conditions by pooling, homogenising and sieving samples, without fear of obtaining unrepresentative CO2 flux measurements caused by the disruption of soil architecture

A Tgfbr1/Snai1-dependent developmental module at the core of vertebrate axial elongation

LISBOA-01?0145-FEDER-030254 SCML-MC-60-2014 LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022170 PD/BD/128426/2017 PD/BD/128437/2017 MR/S008799/1 MR/ K011200/1 DEV-170806Formation of the vertebrate postcranial body axis follows two sequential but distinct phases. The first phase generates pre-sacral structures (the so-called primary body) through the activity of the primitive streak on axial progenitors within the epiblast. The embryo then switches to generate the secondary body (post-sacral structures), which depends on axial progenitors in the tail bud. Here we show that the mammalian tail bud is generated through an independent functional developmental module, concurrent but functionally different from that generating the primary body. This module is triggered by convergent Tgfbr1 and Snai1 activities that promote an incomplete epithelial to mesenchymal transition on a subset of epiblast axial progenitors. This EMT is functionally different from that coordinated by the primitive streak, as it does not lead to mesodermal differentiation but brings axial progenitors into a transitory state, keeping their progenitor activity to drive further axial body extension.publishersversionpublishe