¿Consultor sentimental, intruso, rehén o amigo? Los múltiples papeles del entrevistador durante el trabajo de campo

Purpose: This paper examines how the role of the interviewer is manipulated by the interviewees in return for them offering their experiences, opinions and information during qualitative research interviews. Design/methodology: Semi-structured interviews in the qualitative paradigm were carried out with 55 architects from the East Midlands region of the UK. The interview data is supported by research diary evidence. Findings: A typology of four interviewer personas is presented: as ‘agony aunt, hostage, intruder or friend’. Research limitations/implications: The four personas were generated by the interviewees’ responses to one researcher which is a limitation. However, the study could be replicated with other researchers/interviewers in different interview situations. Practical implications: The research has practical value in highlighting the multiple facets of the relationship between interviewer and interviewee in qualitative research. It will be of value to both experienced and new researchers. Originality/value: The development of the typology represents the originality and value of the research. Previous research has focused more on telling the stories rather than the development of new theory relating to interviewing.Objeto: Este artículo analiza la manera en la que los entrevistados manipulan el papel del entrevistador durante la realización de entrevistas cualitativas de investigación, todo ello a cambio de que los entrevistados compartan sus experiencias, opiniones e información. Diseño/metodología/enfoque: De acuerdo con el paradigma de investigación cualitativo, se hicieron entrevistas semi estructuradas a 55 arquitectos de la región de East Midlands en el Reino Unido. Además de las entrevistas la entrevistadora tomó notas acerca de la situación de entrevista con el objeto de formar el diario de investigación. Aportaciones y resultados: Se presenta una tipología de 4 personajes de entrevistador: “consultor sentimental, rehén, intruso o amigo”. Limitaciones de la investigación/implicaciones: La tipología de entrevistadores surge del análisis del papel representado por un único entrevistador. Sin embargo, los resultados pueden aplicarse a otros investigadores/entrevistadores en distintas situaciones de entrevista. Implicaciones Prácticas: Este trabajo tiene valor práctico puesto que pone de relieve las múltiples facetas de la relación entrevistador-entrevistado en la investigación cualitativa. Puede resultar útil tanto para investigadores experimentados como noveles. Originalidad/valor añadido: La originalidad y el valor de la investigación residen en la identificación y el desarrollo de la tipología de personajes. Investigaciones previas se han centrado más en contar las historias que en desarrollar nueva teoría relacionada con el proceso de entrevistar.Peer Reviewe

Building a career: gender and employment in a male-dominated profession

Models of employment have become gendered with the 'standard' or masculine model following an unbroken, linear career path whilst the feminine model comprises periods of both full-time and part-time employment as well as intervals of non-participation in the labour market. Commitment to work is defined against these norms with those women who follow the masculine career pattern being said to display greater commitment to work than those who follow an alternative path. It is considered that career progression within an organisational hierarchy is dependent upon following the ‘standard' type of career path, which disadvantages women as historically they have been less likely than men to follow such a path. This thesis argues that there has been an over reliance on such explanations to illustrate and justify women's employment. Such studies patronise women by imposing these explanations on them without work being done to investigate women's own evaluations of their employment. The aim of this research is to examine the working arrangements of a group of highly qualified professional women architects who 'fit' the profile of high commitment to their career by their investment in qualifications. They work in an established 'traditional' profession in what is still very much a 'man's world'. The research aims to go deeper than just to confirm or disconfirm the stereotypes or profile. Within the structural and cultural components that form the profile, it examines the paths the women have taken, how they have progressed through their working and family lives, the choices and sacrifices they have made. In short, it explores not 'what' they have done but 'how' and 'why' they have done it

Building a career: gender and employment in a male-dominated profession

Models of employment have become gendered with the 'standard' or masculine model following an unbroken, linear career path whilst the feminine model comprises periods of both full-time and part-time employment as well as intervals of non-participation in the labour market. Commitment to work is defined against these norms with those women who follow the masculine career pattern being said to display greater commitment to work than those who follow an alternative path. It is considered that career progression within an organisational hierarchy is dependent upon following the ‘standard' type of career path, which disadvantages women as historically they have been less likely than men to follow such a path. This thesis argues that there has been an over reliance on such explanations to illustrate and justify women's employment. Such studies patronise women by imposing these explanations on them without work being done to investigate women's own evaluations of their employment. The aim of this research is to examine the working arrangements of a group of highly qualified professional women architects who 'fit' the profile of high commitment to their career by their investment in qualifications. They work in an established 'traditional' profession in what is still very much a 'man's world'. The research aims to go deeper than just to confirm or disconfirm the stereotypes or profile. Within the structural and cultural components that form the profile, it examines the paths the women have taken, how they have progressed through their working and family lives, the choices and sacrifices they have made. In short, it explores not 'what' they have done but 'how' and 'why' they have done it

The potential for gender equality in architecture: an Anglo-Spanish comparison

The practice of architecture is very similar in different national settings despite what may be very different sociological and cultural origins of the profession, the attendant variances in how work is organized and distinctions in equality and gender roles. The aim of this paper is to examine the quest for equality in architecture for women in the UK and Spain reporting the findings of a comparative study into women architects’ careers in the two countries. Within the qualitative paradigm, semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out with a total of 55 women architects in the UK and Spain. Findings indicate surprising differences in levels and terms of equality for women in the two countries and marked differences in women’s experiences of working as an architect. Women have come to the profession in Spain much later than their British counterparts and, somewhat surprisingly, are present in greater numbers. However, despite there being more of a ‘critical mass’ this has not served to improve their situation; they report much higher levels of discrimination and find it difficult to progress in their careers. Conclusions argue for a stronger approach by the professional bodies to help improve the position of women.Caven, V.; Navarro Astor, E. (2013). The potential for gender equality in architecture: an Anglo-Spanish comparison. Construction Management and Economics. 31(8):874-882. doi:10.1080/01446193.2013.766358S874882318Aguilera, R. V. (2004). Corporate Governance and Employment Relations: Spain in the Context of Western Europe. Corporate Governance and Labour Management, 197-225. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199263677.003.0008Caven, V. (2004). Constructing a career: women architects at work. Career Development International, 9(5), 518-531. doi:10.1108/13620430410550763Caven, V. (2006). Career building: women and non‐standard employment in architecture. Construction Management and Economics, 24(5), 457-464. doi:10.1080/01446190600601354Caven, V. and Diop, M. (2011) Women and equality in architecture: an Anglo-French comparative study, in Egbu, C. and Lou, E.C.W. (eds)Proceedings 27th Annual ARCOM Conference, Bristol, UK, 5–7 September, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Reading, pp. 217–26.Caven, V. and Raidén, A. (2010) Work-life balance among architects, in Egbu, C. (ed.)Proceedings 26th Annual ARCOM Conference, Leeds, UK, 6–8 September, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Reading, pp. 533–42.Chinchilla, N., & León, C. (2005). Female Ambition. doi:10.1057/9780230508910Dainty, A. R. J., Bagilhole, B. M., & Neale, R. H. (2000). A grounded theory of women’s career under-achievement in large UK construction companies. Construction Management and Economics, 18(2), 239-250. doi:10.1080/014461900370861Davenport, D. (2000). Essay competition: Comparer, c’est comprendre. Building Research & Information, 28(1), 76-78. doi:10.1080/096132100369145Fowler, B., & Wilson, F. (2004). Women Architects and Their Discontents. Sociology, 38(1), 101-119. doi:10.1177/0038038504039363García Rosales, C. (2009) Salvar Estrellas: La mujer construye 1995–2008, in Leboeiro, M.A. (ed.)Arquitectas: un reto profesional. Jornadas Internacionales de arquitectura y urbanismo desde la perspectiva de las arquitectas, 11–13 December, Madrid, pp. 237–46.Gimenez-Nadal, J. I., Molina, J. A., & Ortega, R. (2012). Self-employed mothers and the work-family conflict. Applied Economics, 44(17), 2133-2147. doi:10.1080/00036846.2011.558486Gutiérrez Mozo, M.E. and Pérez del Hoyo, R. (2012) Docencia y género: primeros pasos de la Universidad de Alicante (España) en la carrera de Arquitectura.Arquitectura y Urbanismo, XXXIII(3), 52–69.Hakim, C. (2008). Is gender equality legislation becoming counter-productive? Public Policy Research, 15(3), 133-136. doi:10.1111/j.1744-540x.2008.00528.xLe Maignan, A. and Sánchez de Madariaga, I. (2009) Profesión arquitecta: una bibliografía, in Leboeiro, M.A. (ed.)Arquitectas: un reto profesional. Conference Proceedings Jornadas Internacionales de arquitectura y urbanismo desde la perspectiva de las arquitectas, 11–13 December, Madrid, pp. 309–25.Moreno, L. (2008) The Nordic path of Spain’s Mediterranean welfare. Center for European Studies Working Paper No. 163.Pardo‐del‐Val, M., & Ribeiro‐Soriano, D. (2007). Political support for women entrepreneurs. Equal Opportunities International, 26(8), 761-777. doi:10.1108/02610150710836127Raidén, A. B., Dainty, A. R. J., & Neale, R. H. (2006). Balancing employee needs, project requirements and organisational priorities in team deployment. Construction Management and Economics, 24(8), 883-895. doi:10.1080/01446190600647191Sánchez de Madariaga, I. (2009) El papel de las mujeres en la arquitectura y el urbanismo, de Matilde Ucelay a la primera generación universitaria en paridad, in Leboeiro, M.A. (ed.)Arquitectas: un reto profesional. Jornadas Internacionales de arquitectura y urbanismo desde la perspectiva de las arquitectas, 11–13 December 2008, Madrid, pp. 69–77.Sánchez de Madariaga, I. (2010). Women in architecture: the Spanish case. Urban Research & Practice, 3(2), 203-218. doi:10.1080/17535069.2010.481377Sang, K. J. C., Dainty, A. R. J., & Ison, S. G. (2007). Gender: a risk factor for occupational stress in the architectural profession? Construction Management and Economics, 25(12), 1305-1317. doi:10.1080/01446190701546177Saraceno, C. (2011). Childcare needs and childcare policies: A multidimensional issue. Current Sociology, 59(1), 78-96. doi:10.1177/0011392110385971Saurel-Cubizolles, M.-J., Romito, P., Escriba-Aguir, V., Lelong, N., Pons, R. M., & Ancel, P.-Y. (1999). Returning to Work after Childbirth in France, Italy, and Spain. European Sociological Review, 15(2), 179-194. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a018259Tobío, C. (2001). WORKING AND MOTHERING - Women’s strategies in Spain. European Societies, 3(3), 339-371. doi:10.1080/1461669012007936

Association of Researchers in Construction Management

on how he manages to balance work and family. It is therefore timely to look more closely at this issue. We present preliminary results from an explorative pilot study on work--depth interviews were carried out with academics from construction-related university departments in Britain and Sweden. Drawing on figures from the OECD and on that the small population of academic respondents studied struggled with the same kinds of work pressures and desires to achieve/perform according to the traditional norm of a masculine society. However, the Swedish men were more inclusive of the whole family life/circumstances in their accounts while the British men tended to be more focused on themselves. Since the analysis of the data is still on-going, the findings remain tentative. Early conclusions suggest that a satisfactory juggling of work-life balance for all these men is dependent on negotiations and re-negotiations of responsibilities between them and their partners. Some British men seemed to expect compromise and sacrifice by their partners, while for all Swedish men there was an expectation of compromise and sacrifice by both partners