SOLID STATE MORPHOLOGY AND SIZE TUNING OF NANOSTRUCTURED PLATINUM USING MACROMOLECULAR COMPLEXES

Indexación: Web of Science; Scielo.The macromolecular complexes Chitosan●(PtCl2)n and PSP-co-4-PVP●(PtCl2)n, were prepared from the respective polymer and PtCl2 in metal:polymer molar ratios 1:1 and 1:5. Pyrolisis of the macromolecular complexes Chitosan●(PtCl2)n and PSP-co-4-PVP●(PtCl2)n at 800 °C under air affords cubic nanostructured Pt in the pure phase. The morphology of the pyrolityc products depends on the molar metal:polymer ratio; i.e. a "cotton" 3D shape for the 1:1 ratio and a 'foamy" 3D shape for the 1:5 ratio. On the other hand, the particle size depends on the polymer nature, obtaining Pt nanoparticles as small as 6 nm for the chitosan precursors in both molar ratio.http://ref.scielo.org/8p5h2

Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA), an Important Fatty Acid in Aging and the Protection of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a fatty acid essential for the proper development and functioning of the nervous and visual system. DHA is found in significant concentrations in the phospholipids of neuronal membranes. DHA is provided y the mother during the fetal and early infancy life, during pregnancy and through breastfeeding. Given the importance of an adequate supply of the fatty acid to the newborn, it has been suggested DHA supplementation to the mother before and during the pregnancy and also during the breastfeeding period. In the recent years, research from different scientist have established that DHA has an important role in the development of the nervous system, as well as having an important key role in the preservation of this tissue, especially during aging and senescence and in some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. DHA may preserve the integrity and the neuronal viability against different metabolic insults and/or cytotoxic events, among which inflammation and oxidative stress are the most relevant. The neuroprotective effects of DHA in neural tissue are mediated by a metabolic derivative, known as neuroprotectin D-1. This molecule may respond to aggression having anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and even neuroregenerative effects, which may contribute to preserve the proper neuronal viability as well as the health and function of the nervous system. This review discusses different evidences about the neuroprotective effect of DHA, during aging and against some neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the important role of the proper nutrition in this protection

Immunogenicity to biological drugs in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

Monoclonal antibodies or fusion proteins, defined as biological drugs, have modified the natural history of numerous immune-mediated disorders, allowing the development of therapies aimed at blocking the pathophysiological pathways of the disease, providing greater efficacy and safety than conventional treatment strategies. Virtually all therapeutic proteins elicit an immune response, producing anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) against hypervariable regions of immunoglobulins. Immunogenicity against biological drugs can alter their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, thereby reducing the efficacy of these drugs. In more severe cases, ADAs can neutralize the therapeutic effects of the drug or cause serious adverse effects, mainly hypersensitivity reactions. The prevalence of ADAs varies widely depending on the type of test used, occurrence of false-negative results, and non-specific binding to the drug, making it difficult to accurately assess their clinical impact. Concomitant use of immunosuppressors efficiently reduces the immunogenicity in a dose-dependent manner, either by decreasing the frequency of detectable ADAs or by delaying their appearance, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of biological therapies. Among the new therapeutic strategies for the management of psoriasis, biological agents have gained increasing importance in recent years as they interrupt key inflammation pathways involved in the physiopathology of the disease. Reports regarding ADA in new biologics are still scarce, but the most recent evidence tends to show little impact on the clinical response to the drug, even with prolonged treatment. It is therefore essential to standardize laboratory tests to determine the presence and titles of ADAs to establish their administration and management guidelines that allow the determination of the real clinical impact of these drugs

Incidentes críticos de erosão da confiança na liderança de chefes de enfermagem

Investigations show that distrust towards head figures has a particularly negative effect on organizational dynamics. Because of this, the main types of behavior associated with distrust in nursing professionals with leadership duties have been identified, examining which aspect of reliability is most frequently related to distrust. Based on an analysis of 61 critical incidents, selected from 90 hospital employees, the most frequently mentioned behavior types related to distrust were "Public Abuse", "Not giving permission for time off for a special occasion" and especially an erosion of trustworthiness in the leader's integrity dimension. The implications of these findings are discussed, so that nursing professionals can avoid the development of distrust in interpersonal relationships and damage to the appropriate functioning of health services.Investigaciones muestran que la desconfianza hacia las jefaturas tiene un especial efecto negativo en la dinámica organizacional. Por ello, se identificaron los principales tipos de conductas asociadas a desconfiar de profesionales de enfermería con cargo de jefatura y se examinó cual dimensión de la confiabilidad se relaciona más frecuentemente con la desconfianza. Basándose en el análisis de 61 incidentes críticos obtenidos de 90 funcionarios de un hospital, se identificó que los tipos de conducta que generaban más frecuentemente mención de desconfianza fueron "Maltrato en público" y "No dar un permiso para algo especial"; y que se erosiona especialmente la confiabilidad del jefe en la dimensión integridad. Se discuten las implicancias de estos hallazgos para que los profesionales de enfermería que ejercen liderazgo eviten el surgimiento y desarrollo de la desconfianza en sus relaciones interpersonales y no perjudiquen el apropiado funcionamiento de los servicios de salud.Algumas investigações mostram que a desconfiança nos chefes produz um efeito especialmente negativo nas dinâmicas organizacionais. Assim, identificamos os principais tipos de condutas associadas a desconfiar dos profissionais de enfermagem com cargos de chefes; também, examinaram-se quais dimensões da confiabilidade se relacionam mais frequentemente com a desconfiança. Baseando-se na análise de 61 incidentes críticos coletados em 90 funcionários de um hospital, identificou-se que os tipos de condutas que geravam mais frequentemente a menção de desconfiança eram acontecimentos de "Maus-tratos em público" e "Não dar uma permissão para algo especial"; e que se desgasta, especialmente, a confiabilidade do chefe na dimensão integridade. Discutem-se as implicações destes resultados para que os profissionais da enfermagem, que exercem a liderança, evitem o seu surgimento e o posterior desenvolvimento de desconfiança nas suas relações interpessoais, as que são prejudiciais para o adequado funcionamento dos serviços de saúde

Como la fuerza obligatoria de los contratos se ve afectada por la figura del abuso del derecho

59 p.El objetivo del estudio es demostrar la aplicabilidad de la teoría del abuso del derecho en materia contractual. Por lo mismo la investigación, en primera instancia, girará en torno al sentido y alcance de la teoría del abuso del derecho, para luego, traspasar todo el contenido teórico al plano práctico de sus presupuestos. Luego se incorporan los presupuestos de la teoría del abuso del derecho. Con el objeto de ampliar el entendimiento del tema es necesario explicar de manera breve elementos relacionados al abuso del derecho. Valga una reflexión: las normas de nuestro sistema tienen, incorporadas en sí, preceptos morales 1**, lo que hace que el abuso del derecho tenga una naturaleza positiva, pues la prohibición de abusar implica la desobediencia al deber moral que esta integrado a la norma que concede el derecho abusado. Así, nuestro Derecho se hace parte, aceptándolo como un principio que inspira las relaciones jurídicas. 1** Las normas morales, que no están escritas como la mayoría de las disposiciones jurídicas, emanan,según algunos, de la propia naturaleza humana y el hombre las reconoce y determina por su sana y libre reflexión. Alessandri, Somarriva y Vodanovic. 1961. Tratado de Derecho Civil. Partes Preliminar y General. p. 16