La didattica nei Musei Archivi e Biblioteche

L’intervento approfondisce la modalità di utilizzo delle risorse del MAB per favorire l’arricchimento e l’integrazione della programmazione scolastica in Friuli Venezia Giulia. Le attività attualmente offerte da MAB hanno prevalentemente un carattere occasionale; vista la specificità dei materiali custoditi, spesso adatti più agli studiosi delle singole discipline, è necessario fornire un approccio più generalista, su cui gli insegnanti devono costruire dei percorsi specifici, che comportano inevitabilmente un grande dispendio di ore di lavoro e di ore scolastiche. E’ necessario poi che l’approccio non sia solo passivo, ma che gli studenti vengano coinvolti attivamente nella costruzione del processo educativo. La necessità poi di uscire dalla scuola pone anche dei limiti legali, penali e civili, che investono l’insegnante, nella sua funzione di accompagnatore. Più agevole sembra essere la fruizione di materiale MAB disponibile in modalità online: sebbene non venga meno la funzione del docente, è possibile per gli studenti approcciarsi ai contenuti in maniera più graduale; la modalità virtuale poi risulta più attraente gli occhi dei giovani studenti. Negli ultimi anni le strutture MAB propongono una certa varietà di offerte alle scuole, che non sempre riescono a scegliere in una tale varietà di stimoli. Viene proposto quindi un tavolo di confronto MAB - scuole, che selezioni un numero ristretto di temi significativi, che possano permettere alle scuole del territorio piena realizzazione la loro autonomia didattica, di ricerca, sperimentazione e sviluppo come è previsto dalle norme, (DPR 275/99)

Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease patients treated with bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation: A long-term overview

Bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is an effective treatment in advanced Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However, the effects of STN-DBS on freezing of gait (FOG) are still debated, particularly in the long-term follow-up (>/=5-years). The main aim of the current study is to evaluate the long-term effects of STN-DBS on FOG. Twenty STN-DBS treated PD patients were included. Each patient was assessed before surgery through a detailed neurological evaluation, including FOG score, and reevaluated in the long-term (median follow-up: 5-years) in different stimulation and drug conditions. In the long term follow-up, FOG score significantly worsened in the off-stimulation/off-medication condition compared with the preoperative off-medication assessment (z = -1.930; p = 0.05) but not in the on-stimulation/off-medication (z = -0.357; p = 0.721). There was also a significant improvement of FOG at long-term assessment by comparing on-stimulation/off-medication and off-stimulation/off-medication conditions (z = -2.944; p = 0.003). These results highlight the possible beneficial long-term effects of STN-DBS on FOG

Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease Patients Treated with Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation: A Long-Term Overview

Bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is an effective treatment in advanced Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, the effects of STN-DBS on freezing of gait (FOG) are still debated, particularly in the long-term follow-up (≥5-years). The main aim of the current study is to evaluate the long-term effects of STN-DBS on FOG. Twenty STN-DBS treated PD patients were included. Each patient was assessed before surgery through a detailed neurological evaluation, including FOG score, and revaluated in the long-term (median follow-up: 5-years) in different stimulation and drug conditions. In the long term follow-up, FOG score significantly worsened in the off-stimulation/off-medication condition compared with the pre-operative off-medication assessment (z = -1.930; p = 0.05) but not in the on-stimulation/off-medication (z = -0.357; p = 0.721). There was also a significant improvement of FOG at long-term assessment by comparing on-stimulation/off-medication and off-stimulation/off-medication conditions (z = -2.944; p = 0.003). These results highlight the possible beneficial long-term effects of STN-DBS on FOG

Years of life that could be saved from prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes premature death and loss of life expectancy worldwide. Its primary and secondary prevention can result in a significant number of years of life saved. AIM: To assess how many years of life are lost after HCC diagnosis. METHODS: Data from 5346 patients with first HCC diagnosis were used to estimate lifespan and number of years of life lost after tumour onset, using a semi-parametric extrapolation having as reference an age-, sex- and year-of-onset-matched population derived from national life tables. RESULTS: Between 1986 and 2014, HCC lead to an average of 11.5 years-of-life lost for each patient. The youngest age-quartile group (18-61 years) had the highest number of years-of-life lost, representing approximately 41% of the overall benefit obtainable from prevention. Advancements in HCC management have progressively reduced the number of years-of-life lost from 12.6 years in 1986-1999, to 10.7 in 2000-2006 and 7.4 years in 2007-2014. Currently, an HCC diagnosis when a single tumour <2 cm results in 3.7 years-of-life lost while the diagnosis when a single tumour 65 2 cm or 2/3 nodules still within the Milan criteria, results in 5.0 years-of-life lost, representing the loss of only approximately 5.5% and 7.2%, respectively, of the entire lifespan from birth. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence results in the loss of a considerable number of years-of-life, especially for younger patients. In recent years, the increased possibility of effectively treating this tumour has improved life expectancy, thus reducing years-of-life lost

La funzione docente

Il contributo proposto vuole affrontare il tema delle competenze della funzione docente a scuola nella complessità dei compiti a essa affidati. Il testo vuole essere tutt’altro che esaustivo ma intende porre alcuni spunti di riflessione utili per i docenti, per le scuole e per i formatori in generale. Sono evidenziati i diversi piani di azione del docente in classe e nel sistema nel suo insieme.This paper aims to address the issue of teaching skills in schools and their complexity. The paper does not propose to be exhaustive but aims to give some food for thought useful for teachers, schools and instructors in general. The aim is to highlight the different plans of action of the teacher in the classroom and in the system as a whole

Proton pump inhibitors in cirrhosis: Tradition or evidence based practice?

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) are very effective in inhibiting acid secretion and are extensively used in many acid related diseases. They are also often used in patients with cirrhosis sometimes in the absence of a specific acid related disease, with the aim of preventing peptic complications in patients with variceal or hypertensive gastropathic bleeding receiving multidrug treatment. Contradicting reports support their use in cirrhosis and evidence of their efficacy in this condition is poor. Moreover there are convincing papers suggesting that acid secretion is reduced in patients with liver cirrhosis. With regard to Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection, its prevalence in patients with cirrhosis is largely variable among different studies, and it seems that H pylori eradication does not prevent gastro-duodenal ulcer formation and bleeding. With regard to the prevention and treatment of oesophageal complications after banding or sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices, there is little evidence for a protective role of PPI. Moreover, due to liver metabolism of PPI, the dose of most available PPIs should be reduced in cirrhotics. In conclusion, the use of this class of drugs seems more habit related than evidence-based eventually leading to an increase in health costs