Escucha México, Estrategias Gráficas y Cultura Auditiva. Otoño 2022

Este reporte del PAP Escucha México, perteneciente al trabajo realizado durante el periodo de Otoño 2022, cuenta con información detallada sobre los resultados alcanzados en cada uno de los proyectos que integran esta organización en el período anteriormente establecido. Para este proceso en específico, se buscó enfocar la mayor cantidad de esfuerzos posibles a que el 4to Encuentro Internacional de Cultura Auditiva se desarrollara de la mejor forma posible, sin descuidar el trabajo que se siguió realizando en el resto de proyectos. Como resumen general, todos presentaron resultados positivos, pues se tuvo presencia importante en redes sociales, mejor que en periodos anteriores, además de que se combinaron esfuerzos para que el 4to Encuentro tuviera una difusión adecuada y alcanzara a la mayor cantidad de personas posibles, lo que a su vez resultó en eventos llenos de gente interesada en aprender sobre Cultura Auditiva y Discapacidad, ejes temáticos centrales de este PAP.ITESO, A.C

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Synthesis and Application of Scaffolds of Chitosan-Graphene Oxide by the Freeze-Drying Method for Tissue Regeneration

Several biomaterials, including natural polymers, are used to increase cellular interactions as an effective way to treat bone injuries. Chitosan (CS) is one of the most studied biocompatible natural polymers. Graphene oxide (GO) is a carbon-based nanomaterial capable of imparting desired properties to the scaffolds. In the present study, CS and GO were used for scaffold preparation. CS was extracted from the mycelium of the fungus Aspergillus niger. On the other hand, GO was synthesized using an improved Hummers-Offemann method and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Subsequently, three formulations (GO 0%, 0.5%, and 1%) were used to prepare the scaffolds by the freeze-drying technique. The scaffolds were characterized by FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to determine their thermal stability and pore size, demonstrating that their stability increased with the increase of GO amount. Finally, the scaffolds were implanted, recollected 30 days later, and studied with an optical microscope, which evidenced the recovery of the tissue architecture and excellent biocompatibility. Hence, these results strongly suggested the inherent nature of chitosan/graphene oxide (CS/GO) scaffolds for their application in bone tissue regeneration

Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of CS-Graphene Oxide Compounds <i>In Vivo</i>

In the last few years, graphene oxide (GO) has gained considerable importance in scaffold preparation for tissue engineering due to the presence of functional groups that allow the interaction between the extracellular matrix and the components of the cellular membrane. The interaction between GO and chitosan (CS) can not only improve the biomechanical properties of the scaffold but also generate a synergistic effect, facilitating tissue recovery. In vivo studies on GO are scarce; therefore, biocompatibility tests on CS-GO scaffolds and bone regeneration experiments on critical size defects were carried out on Wistar rats. Scaffolds made of CS, CS-GO 0.5%, and CS-GO 1% were prepared and implanted on Wistar rats cranial bones for three months. Scaffold samples were analyzed through histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy. The analysis performed showed reabsorption of the material by phagocytic activity and new bone formation. The CS-GO 0.5% formulation gave the best performance in bone regeneration, with excellent biocompatibility. These results show the potential of this compound for tissue regeneration opening and medical applications

Efecto del contenido de BaSO y DEAEA 4 sobre las propiedades reológicas de cementos óseos para vertebroplastia.

En este trabajo se estudió el efecto del contenido de sulfato de bario (BaSO ) y del acrilato del 2-dietilamino etilo 4 (DEAEA) sobre el comportamiento reológico (inyectabilidad y viscosidad) de cementos óseos acrílicos, empleando para esto un diseño experimental con gráficos de superficies de respuesta y de contorno. Los resultados mostraron que un aumento en el contenido de BaSO produce una disminución de la viscosidad y un aumento de la 4 inyectabilidad del cemento óseo en estado fresco; en contraste, el DEAEA solo parece tener un ligero efecto sobre la inyectabilidad del mismo. La formulación con 4 % de DEAEA y 30 % de BaSO resultó tener las mejores propiedades 4 reológicas para su posible aplicación en vertebroplastia percutánea (VPP), por lo que esta formulación fue caracterizada fisicoquímica y mecánicamente; los resultados obtenidos en estos análisis fueron comparados con el cemento óseo comercial Zimmer Dough

Arabinoxylan-Based Particles: In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity and Cytotoxicity on a Human Colon Cell Line

Background and objectives: Arabinoxylans (AX) can gel and exhibit antioxidant capacity. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential application of AX microspheres as colon-targeted drug carriers. However, the cytotoxicity of AX gels has not been investigated so far. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to prepare AX-based particles (AXM) by coaxial electrospraying method and to investigate their antioxidant potential and cytotoxicity on human colon cells. Materials and Methods: The gelation of AX was studied by monitoring the storage (G&prime;) and loss (G&prime;&prime;) moduli. The morphology of AXM was evaluated using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro antioxidant activity of AX before and after gelation was measured using the 2,2&prime;-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. In addition, the effect of AX and AXM on the proliferation of human colon cells (CCD 841 CoN) was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: The final G&prime; and G&prime;&prime; values for AX gels were 293 and 0.31 Pa, respectively. AXM presented spherical shape and rough surface with a three-dimensional and porous network. The swelling ratio and mesh size of AXM were 35 g water/g AX and 27 nm, respectively. Gelation decreased the antioxidant activity of AX by 61&ndash;64 %. AX and AXM did not affect proliferation or show any toxic effect on the normal human colon cell line CCD 841 CoN. Conclusion: The results indicate that AXM could be promising biocompatible materials with antioxidant activity

Effect of Ultrasound-Treated Arabinoxylans on the Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil

Arabinoxylans (AX) are polysaccharides with antioxidant activity and emulsifying properties, which make them an attractive alternative for its potential application as a natural antioxidant in oils. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasonic treatment of AX on their antioxidant capacity and its ability to improve the oxidative stability of soybean oil. For this purpose, AX were exposed to ultrasonic treatment at 25% (100 W, AX-1) and 50% (200 W, AX-2) power and an operating frequency of 20 KHz during 15 min, and their macromolecular properties (weight average molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index and intrinsic viscosity) were evaluated. The antioxidant capacity of AX was determined by the DPPH assay and Rancimat test. Results showed that ultrasonic treatment did not affect the molecular identity of the polysaccharide but modified its Mw distribution. AX-1 showed the highest antioxidant activity (75% inhibition) at 533 &micro;g/mL by the DPPH method compared to AX and AX-2. AX at 0.25% (w/v) and AX-1 at 0.01% (w/v) exerted the highest protective effects on oxidative stability of soybean oil with induction periods of 7.69 and 5.54 h, respectively. The results indicate that AX could be a good alternative for the potential application as a natural antioxidant in oils

Enhanced Activity of NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Lung of Patients with Anti-Synthetase Syndrome

Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammatory interstitial lung disease (ILD). The main objective of this work was to quantify the concentrations of cytokines and molecules associated with inflammasome activation in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of patients with ASSD and a comparison group of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. Cytokines and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined using the concentrated BAL protein. The activity of caspase-1 and concentration of NLRP3 with the protein purified from the cell pellet in each group of patients. We found higher caspase-1 levels in ASSD vs. SSc, 1.25 RFU vs. 0.75 RFU p = 0.003, and LDH levels at 0.15 OD vs. 0.09 OD p &lt; 0.001. A significant difference was observed in molecules associated with inflammasome activation, IL-18: 1.42 pg/mL vs. 0.87 pg/mL p = 0.02 and IFN-&gamma;: 0.9 pg/mL vs. 0.86 pg/mL, p = 0.01. A positive correlation was found between caspase-1 and LDH in the patients with ASSD Rho 0.58 (p = 0.008) but not in the SSc group. In patients with ASSD, greater caspase-1 and higher LDH activity were observed in BAL, suggesting cell death due to pyroptosis and activation of the inflammasome pathway

Enhanced Activity of NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Lung of Patients with Anti-Synthetase Syndrome

Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammatory interstitial lung disease (ILD). The main objective of this work was to quantify the concentrations of cytokines and molecules associated with inflammasome activation in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of patients with ASSD and a comparison group of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. Cytokines and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined using the concentrated BAL protein. The activity of caspase-1 and concentration of NLRP3 with the protein purified from the cell pellet in each group of patients. We found higher caspase-1 levels in ASSD vs. SSc, 1.25 RFU vs. 0.75 RFU p = 0.003, and LDH levels at 0.15 OD vs. 0.09 OD p p = 0.02 and IFN-γ: 0.9 pg/mL vs. 0.86 pg/mL, p = 0.01. A positive correlation was found between caspase-1 and LDH in the patients with ASSD Rho 0.58 (p = 0.008) but not in the SSc group. In patients with ASSD, greater caspase-1 and higher LDH activity were observed in BAL, suggesting cell death due to pyroptosis and activation of the inflammasome pathway

Do the Naica giant crystals deteriorate due to human sction?

Resumen del trabajo presentado al 25th international Congress on X-ray optic and microanalysis (ICXOM), celebrado en EE.UU. del 5 al 9 de agosto de 2019.The support given by CONACYT Project No. 183706 and by SSRL, ELETTRA, ESRF synchrotron facilities is acknowledged. Authors are thankful to Cia. Peñoles and Naica Mine for providing samples