Stories of stolen lives: one narrative, shared by many

Presentación en el Primer encuentro latinoamericano de prestadores públicos de abortos seguros y legales. CLACAI; CEDES, Buenos Aires, 11 y 12 de Agosto de 201

Caracterización molecular de las cepas de Bradyrhizobium japonicum J-01, J-96 y J-98, mediante protocolos rep-PCR

The cultivation of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merril), in oxisols of the Colombian Orinoco has restrictions due to high aluminum saturation and generally low CEC and OM, which affect the biological fixation of N and the normal growth of plants. In response to this problem, the plants are inoculated with different strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The B. japonicum strains J-96 and J-98 are a highly effective choice for biological nitrogen fixation in soybean varieties in the Colombian Orinoco. This study determined the molecular patterns of the strains J-01, J-96 and J-98 with the primers Box- PCR and Eric-PCR; genetic differences were established, which can be useful for future programs of identification of individuals, population studies and assisted selection. The B. japonicum strains J-96 and J-98 are highly effective new options of biological varieties for nitrogen fixation of soybeans in the Colombian Orinoco.  El cultivo de la soya (Glycinemax (L.) Merril), en oxisoles de la Orinoquia colombiana presenta restricciones por la alta saturación de aluminio y en general, baja capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) y de materia orgánica (MO), que afectan la fijación biológica del nitrógeno (N) y el crecimiento normal de las plantas. Una alternativa ambiental, a este problema es inocular las plantas con diferentes cepas de Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Las cepas de B. japonicum J-96 y J-98 se constituye en una opción de fijación biológica de nitrógeno altamente efectivas para las variedades de soja, en la Orinoquia colombiana. En este trabajo se determinaron los patrones moleculares de cepas J-01, J-96 y J-98, a partir de los primers Box-PCR y Eric- PCR. Se logró establecer diferencias genéticas entre estas, las cuales pueden ser de utilidad para complementar futuros programas de identificación de individuos, estudios poblacionales y selección asistida. Las cepas de B. japonicum J-96 y J-98, constituyen nuevas opciones de variedades biológicas para fijación de nitrógeno de soya altamente eficaces en el Orinoco colombiano.  

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los cuerpos de socorro en la atención prehospitalaria de trauma por accidente de tránsito. Situación en El salvador: Área Metropolitana

Los accidentes de tránsito constituyen uno de los principales factores de muerte y de invalidez en país por lo que se considera imprescindible que los cuerpos de socorro tengan la capacidad de brindar atención prehospitalaria de manera eficaz, eficiente y con calidad con el fin de priorizar, evaluar, tratar y trasladar en condiciones adecuadas. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio transversal; de una población de 230 individuos se tomó una muestra de 145 participantes quienes contestaron un cuestionario acerca de conocimiento básico y avanzando; en la parte práctica se les evaluó el desempeño con una ficha de evaluación a 76 participantes de los cuales sólo 69 son evaluables. Se obtuvo que el 85.5% de los participantes cuenta con conocimientos básicos, 10% con conocimientos avanzados y en la práctica 84% aprobó según lineamientos. Según los participantes 8 relacionados con conocimiento- práctica se obtiene que 82.6% aprobaron la práctica y 86.9% aprobaron en conocimientos.Tesis para optar al título de Doctor en Medicin

-

Objetivo: un estudio epidemiológico transversal fue desarrollado para establecer la seroprevalencia de la  Leishmaniasis Visceral (LV) en caninos localizados en la zona endémica del departamento del Tolima por  medio de las pruebas de Inmunofluorescencia Indirecta (IFI) y Western Blot (WB). Materiales y métodos: se  incluyeron en el estudio 211 caninos mestizos procedentes de seis municipios de la zona endémica de  leishmaniasis visceral del departamento del Tolima. Se utilizó como antígeno la cepa colombiana de  Leishmania infantum MHOM/COL/CL044B para IFI y WB. Resultados: se estableció una seroprevalencia de la Leishmaniasis Visceral Canina en el grupo de animales evaluados del 41,7 y 22,2% por medio de IFI y WB,  respectivamente. La concordancia entre las dos técnicas fue negativa (k = -0,102; p = 0,084). Se detectaron 12  fracciones antigénicas en la prueba WB entre los 13 y 91 kDa, de las cuales la de 14 kDa se considera valiosa  en el diagnóstico precoz de la infección, para evaluar la resolución de la enfermedad y la evolución del  tratamiento. Se sugiere desarrollar un constructo de pruebas diagnósticas directas e indirectas que permitan confirmar el estado real de la infección de los caninos, para orientar eficientemente los programas de control de la enfermedad en zonas endémicas de leishmaniasis visceral.Objective: a cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out in order to establish the prevalence of  canine visceral leishmaniasis in the endemic area of Tolima department by means of Indirect  Immunofluorescence (IFAT) and Western Blotting (WB) tests. Materials and Methods: the study included  211 mongrel dogs from six municipalities of the endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) of the Tolima  department. The Colombian Leishmania infantum MHOM/CO/CL044B strain was used as antigen for IFI and  WB. Results: The seroprevalence in the group tested was 41.7% and 22.2% by IFAT and WB, respectively. The  agreement between the two techniques was negative (k = -0.102; p = 0.084). 12 antigenic fractions were  detected between 13 and 91 kDa, of which 14 kDa is considered valuable in early diagnosis of the infection, in order to evaluate the resolution of the disease and treatment progress. The article suggests developing a  construct of direct and indirect diagnostic tests for confirming the real state of the animals’ infection to guide disease control programs in endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis

Stiripentol in D ravet syndrome: Results of a retrospective U . S . study

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/100157/1/epi12303.pd

Global birth defects app: An innovative tool for describing and coding congenital anomalies at birth in low resource settings

BACKGROUND: Surveillance programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have difficulty in obtaining accurate information about congenital anomalies. METHODS: As part of the ZikaPLAN project, an International Committee developed an app for the description and coding of congenital anomalies that are externally visible at birth, for use in low resource settings. The “basic” version of the app was designed for a basic clinical setting and to overcome language and terminology barriers by providing diagrams and photos, sourced mainly from international Birth Defects Atlases. The “surveillance” version additionally allows recording of limited pseudonymized data relevant to diagnosis, which can be uploaded to a secure server, and downloaded by the surveillance program data center. RESULTS: The app contains 98 (88 major and 10 minor) externally visible anomalies and 12 syndromes (including congenital Zika syndrome), with definitions and International Classification of Disease v10 -based code. It also contains newborn examination videos and links to further resources. The user taps a region of the body, then selects among a range of images to choose the congenital anomaly that best resembles what they observe, with guidance regarding similar congenital anomalies. The “basic” version of the app has been reviewed by experts and made available on the Apple and Google Play stores. Since its launch in November 2019, it has been downloaded in 39 countries. The "surveillance” version is currently being field-tested. CONCLUSION: The global birth defects app is a mHealth tool that can help in developing congenital anomaly surveillance in low resource settings to support prevention and care

Sexually transmitted infection screening, prevalence and incidence among South African men and transgender women who have sex with men enrolled in a combination HIV prevention cohort study : the Sibanye Methods for Prevention Packages Programme (MP3) project

INTRODUCTION : Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) experience high incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI), and data are needed to understand risk factors for STIs in these populations. The Sibanye Health Project was conducted in Cape Town and Port Elizabeth, South Africa from 2015 to 2016 to develop and test a package of HIV prevention interventions for MSM and TGW. We describe the incidence, prevalence and symptoms of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhea (NG) and syphilis observed during the study. METHODS : Participants completed HIV testing at baseline. All participants who were HIV negative were followed prospectively. Additionally, a sample of participants identified as living with HIV at baseline was selected to be followed prospectively so that the prospective cohort was approximately 20% HIV positive; the remaining participants identified as HIV positive at baseline were not followed prospectively. Prospective participants were followed for 12 months and returned for clinic-based STI/HIV testing and assessment of STI symptoms at months 6 and 12. Additional HIV/STI testing visits could be scheduled at participant request. RESULTS : Following consent, a total of 292 participants attended a baseline visit (mean age = 26 years), and 201 were enrolled for the 12-month prospective study. Acceptance of screening for syphilis and urethral NG/CT was near universal, though acceptance of screening for rectal NG/CT was lower (194/292; 66%). Prevalence of urethral CT and NG at baseline was 10% (29/289) and 3% (8/288) respectively; incidence of urethral CT and NG was 12.8/100 person-years (PY) and 7.1/100 PY respectively. Prevalence of rectal CT and NG at baseline was 25% (47/189) and 16% (30/189) respectively; incidence of rectal CT and NG was 33.4/100 PY and 26.8/100 PY respectively. Prevalence of syphilis at baseline was 17% (45/258) and incidence was 8.2/100 PY. 91%, 95% and 97% of diagnosed rectal NG/CT, urethral NG/CT and syphilis infections, respectively, were clinically asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS : Prevalence and incidence of urethral and rectal STIs were high among these South African MSM and TGW, and were similar to rates in other settings in the world. Clinical symptoms from these infections were rare, highlighting limitations of syndromic surveillance and suggesting the need for presumptive testing and/or treatment to address the STI epidemic among MSM/TGW in South Africa.Table S1. Acceptance of urethral and syphilis STI screening at baseline and over 12 months of follow-up among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Cape Town and Port Elizabeth, South Africa.Table S2. Rate (per 100 person years), unadjusted rate ratios (RR), and 95% confidence intervals of urethral and rectal chlamydia, urethral and rectal gonorrhea, and syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Cape Town and Port Elizabeth, South Africa.The National Institutes of Healthhttp://www.jiasociety.orgam2021School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH

Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake, adherence, and adverse events among South African men who have sex with men and transgender women

DATA AVAILABILITY : Data that support the findings may contain identifying or sensitive patient information. To preserve participant confidentiality, these data cannot be shared publicly. The principal investigator of this study, P.S.S. (pssulli@emory. edu), can be contacted with requests to access these data.BACKGROUND : HIV prevention programmes that include pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in South Africa have not been widely implemented. OBJECTIVES : The authors examined oral PrEP uptake, adherence, and adverse events among HIV-uninfected MSM and TGW to inform intervention acceptability and feasibility. METHOD : In 2015, MSM and TGW in two South African cities were offered a comprehensive package of HIV prevention services, including daily oral PrEP, and were followed for one year. Different models of PrEP delivery were used at each site. Adherence was measured using self-report and pill-count data and tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations. RESULTS : Among 135 participants who were eligible for PrEP, 82 (61%) initiated PrEP, of whom 67 (82%) were on PrEP at study end. Participants were on PrEP for a median of 294 out of 314.5 possible days (93% protected days). The median time from PrEP initiation to discontinuation or study end was 305 days (interquartile range: 232–325 days). Across the follow-up time points, 57% – 72% of participants self-reported taking protective levels of PrEP and 59% – 74% were adherent to PrEP as indicated by pill counts. Fewer (≤ 18%) achieved protective TFV-DP concentrations of ≥ 700 fmol/punch in dried blood spots. Side effects, while typically mild, were the most commonly cited reason by participants for early PrEP discontinuation. CONCLUSION : Many MSM and TGW initiated and maintained PrEP, demonstrating that PrEP can be successfully delivered to South African MSM and TGW in diverse programmatic contexts. Biologic adherence measures suggest MSM and TGW may experience challenges taking PrEP regularly. Counselling for coping with side effects and motivating daily pill taking is recommended to support South African MSM and TGW in achieving protection with PrEP.The Center for AIDS Research at Emory University and the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases.http://www.sajhivmed.org.zaam2023School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH