Influencia de la alúmina como absorbedor de microondas en la reacción de formación de espinel alúmina-magnesia

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Mecánica con Especialidad en Materiales) UANLUANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Sinterización de manganitas NI-FE empleando microondas como fuente de energía

Tesis (Doctor en Ingeniería de Materiales) U.A.N.L.UANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Microstructure of Ba1−xLaxTiO3−δ ceramics sintered by spark plasma sintering

Nano-sized Ba1−xLaxTiO3 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.14) powders were prepared by a coprecipitation method and calcined at 850 °C in air. The corresponding ceramics were obtained by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at 1050 °C. These ceramics are oxygen deficient and are marked as Ba1−xLaxTiO3−δ. Both powders and ceramics were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The effect of lanthanum concentration on the densification behavior, on the structure and the microstructure of the oxides was investigated. Average grain sizes are comprised between 54 (3) nm and 27 (2) nm for powders, and 330 (11) nm and 36 (1) nm for ceramics according to the La-doping level. Powders crystallize in the cubic (or pseudo-cubic) perovskite phase. The structure of ceramics consists in a mixture of cubic (or pseudo-cubic) and tetragonal perovskite type phases. As the lanthanum content increases, the tetragonality of the samples decreases, as well as the grain size

Co-fired AlN–TiN assembly as a new substrate technology for high-temperature power electronics packaging

New wide-band gap semiconductors (SC) for power electronics such as SiC, GaN and diamond will allow higher power densities, leading to higher operating temperatures. However, the surrounding materials will also undergo an increase in temperature, meaning that a parallel effort is needed in SC packaging technologies research. One of the essential components, the substrate, is used to insulate electrically the SC from the rest of the system, drain the generated heat and provide a path to connect the SC to the rest of the system. Direct bonded copper (DBC) and active metal-brazed (AMB) substrates have limited temperature and cycling operation, owing to the large differences in the thermal expansion coefficients between the ceramics and the metals. In this work we propose a new and original substrate technology based on two co-sintered ceramics: an insulating ceramic (AlN) and a conductive one (TIN). The microstructure, the chemical compatibility and the electrical properties indicate that the proposed substrate could operate at a temperature above 200 1C the current substrate technologies, which makes it particularly attractive for high-temperature power electronics applications

Electrical properties of double-wall carbon nanotubes nanocomposite hydrogels

The electrical behaviour of nanocomposite hydrogels and especially hydrogels containing carbon nanotubes is generally poorly understood. In this paper, we investigate the influence of double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) content on the electrical properties of agarose/DWCNT nanocomposite hydrogels. These nanocomposite hydrogels are potential candidates as electrode materials for transdermal drug delivery by electropermeabilization. Both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) measurements at different voltage amplitudes were performed, as well impedance spectroscopy (1 Hz–1 MHz). Data suggest a non-linear dependence of the conduction phenomena vs the applied electric field. From the current-voltage characteristics, the nanocomposite conduction phenomenon is narrowed to two possible mechanisms, a Schottky type or a Poole-Frenkel type. These findings are the first step towards the understanding of the conduction phenomena in such complex nanocomposite structures, comprising DWCNT, water and the 3D polymeric network. The work described in this work is of much wider interest because this kind of nanocomposites may have many other applications, while the fundamental questions about their electrical conductivity remain universal

Structural characterization of dense reduced BaTiO3 and Ba0.95La0.05TiO3 nanoceramics showing colossal dielectric values

BaTiO3−x and Ba0.95La0.05TiO3−x nanoceramics showing colossal permittivity values have been characterized. While starting powders are of cubic symmetry, X-ray and Neutron Diffraction techniques and Raman Spectroscopy measurements show that the one-step processed ceramics obtained by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) contain cubic and tetragonal phases. Rather large oxygen deficiency determined in such ceramics by Electron Micro Probe analysis and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy analyzes is explained by the presence of Ti3+, as evidenced by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy measurements. Transmission Electron Microscopy and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy show that these ceramics contain 50–300 nm grains, which have single-domains, while grain boundaries are of nanometer scale. Colossal permittivity values measured in our dense nanoceramics are explained by a charge hopping mechanism and an interfacial polarization of a large number of polarons generated after sample reduction in SPS apparatus

Dielectric properties of colossal permittivity materials: An update

During the last 10 years, a lot of interests have been devoted to the so-called CDC (colossal dielectric constant) materials. The first materials exhibiting this behavior were the perovskite-based ceramics on the CCTO (CaCu3Ti4O12) composition. Relative dielectric permittivity can attain values up to (or even larger than) 105. Nevertheless, their dielectric losses are too high, the lower values ranging 10%, in a narrow frequency range, thus limiting their applications. The underlying physical mechanisms at the origin of the CDC are still under study. The analysis of broadband impedance spectroscopy measurements leads most of the authors to propose an interfacial polarization mechanism (at the electrodes or at internal barriers), there is a limited number of complementary electrical characterization techniques, which, up to now, comfort the proposed interfacial polarization mechanisms. In the present work, I-V and time-domain polarization are used to characterize these materials. One of the main results is the observation of a non-symmetrical response of these materials related to the direction of the polarization. These results are observed for both macroscopic level on bulk polycrystalline material and within individual grains of the same samples. These results do not fit current accepted models for polarization for CDC materials

Caracterización de las propiedades eléctricas locales del CaCu3 Ti4 O12.

CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) is a material that presents a colossal dielectric constant (>105). In this work, CCTO was synthesized by chemical coprecipitation and sintered at 1050°C. Electrical properties were studied in bulk ceramic materials, as well as on individual grains and trough grain boundaries in alternative regime and continuous current. In AC regime, grains and grain boundaries show a resistive-like behavior. In DC regime local grain and grain boundary measurements do not allow determining the origin of the non-symmetric response in the bulk samples. It is finally found that non-ohmic contact between the heterogeneous ceramic and the electrodes could explain both the bulk and local electrical behaviors

Caracterización de las Propiedades eléctricas locales del CaCu3Ti4O12

El CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) es un material que presenta permitividad dieléctrica colosal (>105). En este trabajo, el CCTO fue sintetizado mediante coprecipitación química y sinterizado a 1050°C. Las propiedades eléctricas fueron estudiadas de manera macroscópica y localmente en granos y a través de fronteras de grano, tanto en corriente continua como en régimen alternativo. En este régimen, los granos y fronteras de granos presentan un comportamiento resistivo, no capacitivo. En corriente continua, las medidas locales no permiten distinguir el origen de la respuesta asimétrica macroscópica del material. Finalmente se encuentra que un contacto no-óhmico entre el cerámico heterogéneo y los electrodos podría explicar el comportamiento macroscópico y de las mediciones locales. ABSTRACT CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) is a material that presents a colossal dielectric constant (>105). In this work, CCTO was synthesized by chemical coprecipitation and sintered at 1050°C. Electrical properties were studied in bulk ceramic materials, as well as on individual grains and trough grain boundaries in alternative regime and continuous current. In AC regime, grains and grain boundaries show a resistive-like behavior. In DC regime local grain and grain boundary measurements do not allow determining the origin of the non-symmetric response in the bulk samples. It is finally found that non-ohmic contact between the heterogeneous ceramic and the electrodes could explain both the bulk and local electrical behaviors