Home invasive mechanical ventilation in Finland in 2015-2019

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Elämää ylläpitävän pitkäaikaisen invasiivisen hengitystukihoidon esiintyvyys Suomessa

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Terveys, toimintakyky ja estettömyyden haasteet selkäydinvammaisten joukossa Suomessa: FinSCI-tutkimuksen protokolla

Background and purpose: The purpose of the Finnish Spinal Cord Injury Study (FinSCI) is to identify factors related to the health and functioning of people with spinal cord injury, their challenges with accessibility, and how such factors are interconnected. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is used as a structured framework in the study. Design: Protocol of mixed methods study. Results: Study participants were recruited from all 3 spinal cord injury outpatient clinics in Finland. The final target group consists of 1,789 subjects with spinal cord injury. The final questionnaire was formed from 5 different patient-reported instruments. The spinal cord injury-specified instruments are the Spinal Cord Injury Secondary Condition Scale, the Spinal Cord Independence Measure, and the Nottwil Environmental Factors Inventory Short Form. In addition, questions from the following generic instruments were chosen after a selection process: the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, PROM'S (R), and the National Study of Health, Well-being and Service, FinSote. Altogether, the final questionnaire covers 64 ICF categories and consists of 151 ICF-linked questions. Conclusion: The formulated questionnaire covers widely different aspects of health, functioning and accessibility. The questionnaire results and subsequent interviews will help in developing care and rehabilitation policies and services for people with spinal cord injury.Peer reviewe

Prevalence of comorbidities and secondary health conditions among the Finnish population with spinal cord injury

Study design A cross-sectional study. Objectives To explore the prevalence of comorbidities, secondary health conditions (SHCs), and multimorbidity in the Finnish population with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting The data were collected from the Finnish Spinal Cord Injury Study (FinSCI). Participants were identified from three SCI outpatient clinics responsible for the lifelong follow-up of persons with SCI in Finland, (n = 884 participants, response rate; 50%). Methods The FinSCI-questionnaire included a question from the National Study of Health, Well-being, and Service (FinSote) for screening 12 comorbidities. The reference data of the general population for that question were received from the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. The Spinal Cord Injury Secondary Condition Scale (SCI-SCS) was used to screen 16 SHCs. The data were analysed with univariate testing and multivariable negative binomial regression modelling. Results The most common comorbidities were high blood pressure/hypertension (38%), back problems (28%), and high cholesterol (22%). The most common SHCs were joint and muscle pain (81%), muscle spasms (74%), chronic pain (71%), and bowel problems (71%). The prevalence of comorbidities was highest among persons aged >= 76 years (mean; 2.0; scale range; 0-12). The prevalence of SHCs was highest in the severity of SCI group C1-4 AIS A, B, and C (mean; 8.9; scale range; 0-16). Conclusions Further research on geriatrics in SCI, non-traumatic SCI, and knowledge of the needs of persons with cervical lesion AIS A, B, or C is required, due to the fact that the prevalence of multimorbidity is high in these groups.Peer reviewe

Health-related factors for work participation in persons with spinal cord injury in Finland

Objective: To explore work participation and the health-related factors affecting work participation among the Finnish Spinal Cord injury (FinSCI) study population (n = 884). Methods: A cross-sectional explorative observational study in the FinSCI community survey applying Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) forms on Social Health and Global Health. Analyses of socio-demographic and injury-related data were performed. Results: Employment among the study population (n = 452) was 26.5%. Physical, Mental, Social and General Health were better in the employed group compared with work-age persons not working. Logistic regression showed that work participation was related to all health domains, but Physical Health and Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities in Social Health were the strongest indicators of likelihood of being at work. Paraplegia and young age were associated with increased likelihood of work participation. Conclusion: The first national survey among people with spinal cord injury in Finland shows low level of employment. The results suggest that pain, physical function, and ability to participate in social roles should be monitored by health and vocational professionals when assessing a person's likelihood of being in work.Peer reviewe

Time-course of exercise and its association with 12-month bone changes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Exercise has been shown to have positive effects on bone density and strength. However, knowledge of the time-course of exercise and bone changes is scarce due to lack of methods to quantify and qualify daily physical activity in long-term. The aim was to evaluate the association between exercise intensity at 3, 6 and 12 month intervals and 12-month changes in upper femur areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and mid-femur geometry in healthy premenopausal women.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Physical activity was continuously assessed with a waist-worn accelerometer in 35 healthy women (35-40 years) participating in progressive high-impact training. To describe exercise intensity, individual average daily numbers of impacts were calculated at five acceleration levels (range 0.3-9.2 <it>g</it>) during time intervals of 0-3, 0-6, and 0-12 months. Proximal femur aBMD was measured with dual x-ray absorptiometry and mid-femur geometry was evaluated with quantitative computed tomography at the baseline and after 12 months. Physical activity data were correlated with yearly changes in bone density and geometry, and adjusted for confounding factors and impacts at later months of the trial using multivariate analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Femoral neck aBMD changes were significantly correlated with 6 and 12 months' impact activity at high intensity levels (> 3.9 <it>g</it>, <it>r </it>being up to 0.42). Trochanteric aBMD changes were associated even with first three months of exercise exceeding 1.1 <it>g </it>(<it>r </it>= 0.39-0.59, <it>p </it>< 0.05). Similarly, mid-femoral cortical bone geometry changes were related to even first three months' activity (<it>r </it>= 0.38-0.52, <it>p </it>< 0.05). In multivariate analysis, 0-3 months' activity did not correlate with bone change at any site after adjusting for impacts at later months. Instead, 0-6 months' impacts were significant correlates of 12-month changes in femoral neck and trochanter aBMD, mid-femur bone circumference and cortical bone attenuation even after adjustment. No significant correlations were found at the proximal or distal tibia.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The number of high acceleration impacts during 6 months of training was positively associated with 12-month bone changes at the femoral neck, trochanter and mid-femur. These results can be utilized when designing feasible training programs to prevent bone loss in premenopausal women.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Clinical trials.gov NCT00697957</p

An international survey of the structure and process of care for traumatic spinal cord injury in acute and rehabilitation facilities : lessons learned from a pilot study

BACKGROUND: To describe the key findings and lessons learned from an international pilot study that surveyed spinal cord injury programs in acute and rehabilitation facilities to understand the status of spinal cord injury care. METHODS: An online survey with two questionnaires, a 74-item for acute care and a 51-item for rehabilitation, was used. A subset of survey items relevant to the themes of specialized care, timeliness, patient-centeredness, and evidence-based care were operationalized as structure or process indicators. Percentages of facilities reporting the structure or process to be present, and percentages of indicators met by each facility were calculated and reported separately for facilities from high-income countries (HIC) and from low and middle-income countries (LMIC) to identify "hard to meet" indicators defined as those met by less than two-thirds of facilities and to describe performance level. RESULTS: A total of 26 acute and 26 rehabilitation facilities from 25 countries participated in the study. The comparison of the facilities based on the country income level revealed three general observations: 1) some indicators were met equally well by both HIC and LMIC, such as 24-hour access to CT scanners in acute care and out-patient services at rehabilitation facilities; 2) some indicators were hard to meet for LMIC but not for HIC, such as having a multidisciplinary team for both acute and rehabilitation settings; and 3) some indicators were hard to meet by both HIC and LMIC, including having peer counselling programs. Variability was also observed for the same indicator between acute and rehabilitation facilities, and a wide range in the total number of indicators met among HIC facilities (acute 59-100%; rehabilitation 36-100%) and among LMIC facilities (acute: 41-82%; rehabilitation: 36-93%) was reported. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this international pilot study found that the participating acute and rehabilitation facilities on average adhered to 74% of the selected indicators, suggesting that the structure and processes to provide ideal traumatic spinal cord injury care were broadly available. Recruiting a representative sample of SCI facilities and incorporating regional attributes in future surveys will be helpful to examine factors affecting adherence to indicators.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Tukipyyntöjen tilastointi Microsoft Power BI-muotoon

Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on tehdä Lemonsoft Oy:lle tukipyyntöjen ratkaisuaikojen tilastointia paremmaksi käyttäen Microsoftin Power BI-työkaluja hyväksi. Tällä hetkellä tilastointia joudutaan tekemään osissa, kooten tietoja erinäisistä paikoista excel-taulukkoon. Tästä excel-taulukosta taas käytetään tietoja. Tietoja käytetään työn tilastoimiseen, nopeuteen ja tehokkuuteen. Power BI:llä on tarkoitus selkeyttää tilastointia. Tilastoinnissa käytetään tällä hetkellä erilaisia dynaamisia raportteja, CSV-tiedostoja sekä skriptejä tietokantaan asioiden selvittämiseksi. Tietokannasta pitää selvittää raporteilla muun muassa työntekijöiden viikottainen työaika, sekä ratkaistujen selvityspyyntöjen määrä. Tarkoituksena on saada Power BI tuottamaan lisähyötyä Lemonsoftin asiakaspalvelun johdolle. Johdon on helpompi ja nopeampi saada tieto suoraan Power BI:stä eikä tänne tiedon keruuta tarvitse yksittäisen henkilön tehdä viikottain. Tällöin säästetään henkilön resursseja käyttöön muihin tehtäviin ja tieto on aina saatavilla.Thesis purpose is to do to Lemonsoft oy support request solution time/s statistics better by using Microsoft BI-tools. For the moment statistics is done in pieces, gathering information from different places to exel sheets. Information is in use from this exel sheet. The data is used for statistics on work, speed and efficiency. The mension is to clarify statistics by using Power BI. For the moment, different dynamic raports, CSV-files and skripts is in use for database cleary fisication. Workers weekly worktime and solved explanation requests amount must be cleared with raports from database. The meaning is to have Power BI to develop extra benefit to Lemonsoft’s custom-er service administration. The administration has easy and faster to gather infor-mation direct from Power BI, and the gathering of information here is not neces-sary done weekly by single persons. In this case peoples resources are saved to other tasks and information is always available

Bone adaptation to impact loading—Significance of loading intensity

Abstract Ageing populations have made osteoporosis and fragility fractures a major public health concern worldwide. Half of all women and 30% of all men will suffer a fracture related to osteoporosis during their lifetime. While medical prevention of this immense problem is impossible at population level, it is necessary to find efficient preventive strategies. Exercise is one of the major prevention approaches because one reason behind the increasing burden of osteoporosis is the modern sedentary lifestyle. However, the optimal type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise that best enhances skeletal integrity are still largely unknown. We conducted a 12-month population-based randomized controlled exercise intervention in 120 premenopausal women. The aim was to investigate the effect of impact exercise on bone mineral density, geometry and metabolism in healthy women with the intention of assessing the intensity and amount of impact loading with a novel accelerometer-based measurement device. Training effects on risk factors of osteoporotic fractures, physical performance and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases were also evaluated. This study demonstrated that 12 months of regular impact exercise favoured bone formation, increased bone mineral density in weight-bearing bones, especially at the hip, and led to geometric adaptations by increasing periosteal circumference. Bone adaptations had a dose- and intensity-dependent relationship with measured impact loading. Changes in proximal femur were threshold-dependent, indicating the importance of high impacts exceeding acceleration of 4 g as an osteogenic stimulus. The number of impacts needed to achieve this stimulation was 60 per day. Impact exercise also had a favourable effect on physical performance and cardiorespiratory risk factors by increasing maximal oxygen uptake, dynamic leg strength and decreasing low-density lipoproteins and waist circumference. Changes were dose-dependent with impact loading at wide intensity range. Bone adapts to impact loading through various mechanisms to ensure optimal bone strength. The number of impacts needed to achieve bone stimulation appeared to be 60 per day, comparable to the same number of daily jumps. If done on a regular basis, impact exercise may be an efficient and safe way of preventing osteoporosis.Tiivistelmä Väestön ikääntymisen ja elintapojen muutosten myötä osteoporoosista ja osteoporoottisista murtumista on tullut maailmanlaajuinen terveysongelma. Ongelman laajuuden vuoksi murtumien lääkkeellinen ehkäisy ei ole mahdollista kattavasti väestötasolla, joten vaihtoehtoisten ehkäisymenetelmien kehittäminen on välttämätöntä. Liikunta on yksi potentiaalinen ehkäisykeino, koska yksi tärkeä tekijä ongelman taustalla on arkiliikunnan vähentyminen. Liikunnan tiedetään hyödyttävän luustoa, mutta optimaalisen liikunnan tyyppi, intensiteetti, määrä ja kesto ovat kuitenkin selvittämättä. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää hyppyharjoittelun vaikutusta 35–40-vuotiaiden naisten luun tiheyteen, geometriaan ja aineenvaihduntaan sekä määrittää luun kannalta optimaalisen harjoittelun määrä ja voimakkuus. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin myös harjoittelun vaikutuksia fyysiseen suorituskykyyn, sekä sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskitekijöihin. Toteutimme väestöpohjaisen, satunnaistetun, kontrolloidun 12 kuukauden mittaisen liikuntaintervention, johon osallistui 120 naista. Intervention aikana mittasimme hyppykuormitusten määrää ja voimakkuutta uudella kiihtyvyysanturiin perustuvalla menetelmällä. Nousujohteinen hyppyharjoittelu aiheutti kuormitetuissa luissa muutoksia, joista keskeiset olivat luuntiheyden ja luun ympärysmitan kasvu. Lisäksi luuston aineenvaihdunnassa tapahtui muutoksia, jotka osoittivat luun uudismuodostuksen lisääntyneen. Luun mukautumisen ja mitattujen iskukuormitusten välillä havaittiin annos-vastesuhde. Kuormitusten voimakkuus oli olennaista, sillä reisiluun kaulan luuntiheyden muutokset olivat yhteydessä kuormituksiin, joiden kiihtyvyys oli yli 4 kertaa maan vetovoiman (g) suuruinen. Luustomuutoksen saavuttamiseen tarvittavien kuormitusten määrä yli 4 g:n tasolla oli kuitenkin vain 60 kuormitusta vuorokaudessa, jotka voidaan turvallisesti saavuttaa normaaleilla hypyillä. Liikuntaharjoittelu paransi myös kolesteroliarvoja, maksimaalista hapenottokykyä, voimatasoja sekä pienensi vyötärön ympärystä, vaikuttaen näin positiivisesti sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskitekijöihin. Tutkimus osoitti luun mukautuvan muuttuneisiin kuormituksiin useiden mekanismien kautta ja mukautumisen olevan kuormitusten intensiteetistä riippuvaista. Osteoporoosin ehkäisyn kannalta tehokas ja turvallinen kuormitusmäärä näyttää olevan 60 hyppyä päivässä

Vibroacoustic treatment to improve functioning and ability to work : a multidisciplinary approach to chronic pain rehabilitation

Purpose: To study the use of Vibroacoustic treatment and an added self-care intervention for improving the functioning and ability to work of patients with chronic pain and potential comorbid depressive and anxious symptoms. Materials and methods: A mixed methods study with four single cases. Participants received bi-weekly Vibroacoustic practitioner-led treatment sessions for five weeks, followed by a one-month washout period without treatments. Then, participants conducted four self-care vibroacoustic sessions per week for five weeks, followed by another month-long washout period. Participants kept diaries of their experiences during this time. Quantitative scales included the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, Visual Analogue Scales (pain, mood, relaxation, anxiety, and ability to work), Beck’s Depression Inventory-II, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Anxiety only). The use of physiological markers was also explored. Results: The greatest improvement was from the practitioner-led sessions, but self-care was beneficial for pain relief and relaxation. Participants became more aware of sensations in their own bodies, and during washout periods noticed more clearly the treatment effects when symptoms returned. An added self-care phase to standard Vibroacoustic treatment could be beneficial for maintaining the effects from the more intensive Vibroacoustic treatment as part of multidisciplinary rehabilitation.peerReviewe