Symptomatologie conjugale et sexuelle chez des survivants d'agression sexuelle à l'enfance

Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2016-2017La présente thèse a pour objectif d'examiner le caractère dynamique des rapports entre l'agression sexuelle à l'enfance (ASE) et les répercussions sexuelles et conjugales à l'âge adulte. Plus spécifiquement, la première étude examine la validité d'un modèle médiationnel de l'association entre l'ASE, les séquelles sexuelles (c.-à-d., compulsion sexuelle et évitement sexuel) et l'ajustement conjugal. Les analyses acheminatoires menées à l'aide d'un échantillon de 686 adultes en relation de couple révèlent une association positive entre l'ASE, la compulsion sexuelle et l'évitement sexuel qui sont reliés, à leur tour, à une plus faible satisfaction conjugale. La deuxième étude tente de reproduire ce modèle médiationnel en modifiant l'indicateur du fonctionnement conjugal. Ainsi, elle a pour objectif d'examiner le lien entre l'ASE, la compulsion sexuelle et les relations sexuelles extradyadiques. Les résultats d'analyses d'équations structurelles effectuées auprès de 669 adultes en relation de couple font état d'une association positive entre la sévérité de l'ASE et la compulsion sexuelle qui augmente ensuite la probabilité de s'engager dans des relations sexuelles extradyadiques. Afin de mieux comprendre l'interdépendance entre le fonctionnement sexuel et conjugal des survivants d'ASE, la troisième étude examine le rôle du contexte relationnel sous-jacent aux répercussions sexuelles. L'objectif principal est d'analyser l'invariance des associations entre l'ASE, la compulsion sexuelle et l'évitement sexuel selon le statut conjugal. Les résultats d'analyses acheminatoires réalisées auprès de 1033 adultes démontrent que la sévérité de l'ASE est associée à la compulsion sexuelle chez les individus non-mariés tandis que la sévérité de l'ASE est associée à l'évitement sexuel chez les individus mariés. Ces trois études confirment l'absence de différences de genre quant aux répercussions sexuelles et conjugales ce qui soutient l'hypothèse de similarité entre les hommes et les femmes. Cette série d'études démontre également l'importance de deux patrons de réponses sexuelles, la compulsion sexuelle et l'évitement sexuel, dans le développement de difficultés conjugales tout en soulignant l'émergence de l'évitement sexuel suite à l'ASE précisément au sein des relations de couple où l'engagement et l'intimité sont élevés. Ainsi, la thèse souligne l'importance de tenir compte de la dynamique entre les facteurs relationnels et sexuels pour comprendre les liens complexes qui expliquent les difficultés autant sexuelles que conjugales chez les survivants d'ASE

Stressed and distressed: how is the COVID-19 pandemic associated with sexual frequency, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction?

Background: The Canadian government’s response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic included the implementation of several restrictive measures since March 2020. These actions sought to decrease social contact and increase physical distancing, including that within universities. Such constraints were required to impede the transmission of the virus; however, concerns remain about their impact on the sexual and intimate relationships of university employees and students. Aim: This study examined the associations between COVID-19–related stress and sexual frequency, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction, also testing the mediating role of psychological distress. Methods: The models were tested with Canadian data collected from university employees and students in 2 phases: the first wave in April-May 2020 (T1; n = 2754) and the second wave in November-December 2021 (T2; n = 1430), 18 months afterward. Participants completed self-report questionnaires online. Path analyses were performed to test the associations of the mediation models. Outcomes: The principal outcomes included psychological distress determined via the Patient Health Questionnaire–4, relationship satisfaction measured via the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and sexual satisfaction and sexual frequency ascertained through a single item each. Results: Overall, COVID-19–related stress was associated with higher psychological distress, which in turn was related to lower sexual frequency, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction. Similar results were obtained with T1 and T2 data, indicating the mediating effect of psychological distress. Clinical implications: These findings increase scholarly comprehension of the negative associations between stress/distress and sexual and romantic relationships. Sexuality and close relationships are vital to the quality of human life; thus, targeted interventions should be developed to reduce COVID-19–related stress and its impact on sexual and romantic relationships to mitigate the long-term influences of this unique global challenge. Strengths & Limitations: To our knowledge, this study is the first to use a large sample size and replicate findings in 2 waves. Nonetheless, it is limited by the use of cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies with the same participants are mandated to better understand the evolution of these outcomes. Conclusion: COVID-19–related stress and psychological distress were found among participating university students and employees and were associated with lower sexual satisfaction, sexual frequency, and intimate relationship satisfaction. These results were observed at the early onset of the pandemic and 18 months afterward, suggesting that the stress generated by the pandemic were not mere reactions to the onset of the pandemic but persisted over time

Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in 42 countries: Insights from the International Sex Survey and introduction of standardized assessment tools

© 2023 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Background and aims Despite its inclusion in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, there is a virtual paucity of high-quality scientific evidence about compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD), especially in underrepresented and underserved populations. Therefore, we comprehensively examined CSBD across 42 countries, genders, and sexual orientations, and validated the original (CSBD-19) and short (CSBD-7) versions of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale to provide standardized, state-of-the-art screening tools for research and clinical practice. Method Using data from the International Sex Survey (N = 82,243; Mage = 32.39 years, SD = 12.52), we evaluated the psychometric properties of the CSBD-19 and CSBD-7 and compared CSBD across 42 countries, three genders, eight sexual orientations, and individuals with low vs. high risk of experiencing CSBD. Results A total of 4.8% of the participants were at high risk of experiencing CSBD. Country- and gender-based differences were observed, while no sexual-orientation-based differences were present in CSBD levels. Only 14% of individuals with CSBD have ever sought treatment for this disorder, with an additional 33% not having sought treatment because of various reasons. Both versions of the scale demonstrated excellent validity and reliability. Discussion and conclusions This study contributes to a better understanding of CSBD in underrepresented and underserved populations and facilitates its identification in diverse populations by providing freely accessible ICD-11-based screening tools in 26 languages. The findings may also serve as a crucial building block to stimulate research into evidence-based, culturally sensitive prevention and intervention strategies for CSBD that are currently missing from the literature.Peer reviewe

Psychometric properties of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations: Findings from the International Sex Survey (ISS)

Introduction. Despite being a widely used screening questionnaire, there is no consensus on the most appropriate measurement model for the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Furthermore, there have been limited studies on its measurement invariance across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations. Aims. The present study aimed to examine the fit of different measurement models for the AUDIT and its measurement invariance across a wide range of subgroups by country, language, gender, and sexual orientation. Methods. Responses concerning past-year alcohol use from the participants of the cross-sectional International Sex Survey were considered (N = 62,943; Mage: 32.73; SD = 12.59). Confirmatory factor analysis, as well as measurement invariance tests were performed for 21 countries, 14 languages, three genders, and four sexual-orientation subgroups that met the minimum sample size requirement for inclusion in these analyses. Results. A two-factor model with factors describing ‘alcohol use’ (items 1–3) and ‘alcohol problems’ (items 4–10) showed the best model fit across countries, languages, genders, and sexual orientations. For the former two, scalar and latent mean levels of invariance were reached considering different criteria. For gender and sexual orientation, a latent mean level of invariance was reached. Conclusions. In line with the two-factor model, the calculation of separate alcohol-use and alcohol-problem scores is recommended when using the AUDIT. The high levels of measurement invariance achieved for the AUDIT support its use in cross-cultural research, capable also of meaningful comparisons among genders and sexual orientations