THE FATE AND RECONSTRUCTION OF A ROMAN MOSAIC FLOOR AT PÉCS = EGY PÉCSI RÓMAI MOZAIKPADLÓ SORSA ÉS REKONSTRUKCIÓJA

In Pécs due to the continuous development of the town throughout many centuries, there are only few sites where the remains of the Roman town can be excavated and even fewer remains come to light undisturbed. Some archaeological monuments have already been disappeared for good, others are situated under streets and houses unavailable for any archaeological research. In many cases it is not easy to follow what happened to the finds and remains. The mosaic floor that was found in 1841 during the building of a house at 6 Káptalan Street and a Roman burial chamber, observed during canalization in 1927 belong to this category. Some researchers still consider these as they were parts of the same early Christian building. Some authors made mistakes or misinterpreted the sources, because they relied on old, short and inaccurate descriptions of the finds. Either they were not aware of the sources or did not read them carefully. Therefore there are many different opinions in the publications often contradicting each other. Also, the lack of drawings and documentation added to the difficulties of later research, just like the inaccurate observations in some previous publications. In 2011 when we made the illustrations to Pécs Története (History of Pécs town), Volume I, it became evident, that the reconstruction of the mosaics, published in 1984, and the interpretation of the archaeological remains found in 1927 were inaccurate. These Roman remains did not come to light in the same time yet they are connected to each other in so many ways. We have started our research with the examination of both the written sources and the actual archaeological material. Later we have researched the different opinions of earlier publications and only after that were we in the position - with the help of few survived drawings and photos - to re-evaluate the remains and to make an attemp to reconstruct what they might have looked like in Roman times. Our recent research on the finds from 1841 and 1927 started in 2011, when we made a presentation about them for the archaeology PhD students of the University of Pécs for the first time. In accordance with the topic of the semester first we gave an account of our ongoing research regarding the actual size of the mosaics and the location and identification of Burial Chamber X that came to light in 1927. We have also presented the new, amended reconstruction of the mosaics and some of the corrections we have made. We have published our finished research about the building and the mosaics on the 10th of December 2013 at the Morsa Archaelogica Conference in Pécs. We hope that this article helps to answer the questions that emerged or were left unanswered so far about the mosaics and the archaeological remains found in 1927

Ménfőcsanak-83. út sok korszakos lelőhelyének feldolgozása = Analysis of the multi-period site of Ménfőcsanak road n. 83.

Kutatásunk során a Ménfőcsanak-83. út nyomvonalán feltárt középső bronzkori, kelta és langobard temető, illetve rézkori, kelta, római, avar és Árpád-kori település feldolgozását és publikációra előkészítését tűztük célul. Az elnyert pályázat csökkentett költségvetése miatt az eredeti munkaterv módosítására kényszerültünk, így a lelőhely őskori anyagának feldolgozása készült el. A késő rézkori településrészlet adatokat nyújt a Kisalföld, DK-Szlovákia és Alsó-Auszria településtörténetéhez és kapcsolataihoz a bolerázi kultúra időszakában. A középső bronzkori temető 60 sírja a mészbetétes kerámia kultúrája és a tokodi csoport a legjelentősebb temetkezési helyei közé sorolható, feldolgozásuk alapvetően járul hozzá a korszakról rendelkezésre álló információhoz. A halomsíros kultúra két további sírja a középső bronzkor végén-késő bronzkor kezdetén lezajlott kulturális változások jobb megértéséhez szolgál adatokkal. A vaskori temető a kelták legkorábbi megtelepedésének bizonyítéka Magyarországon és a későbbi időszakban is használatban volt (La Tène B1-től-C/D fordulójáig). Az ugyanitt feltárt település a temető kezdeténél fiatalabb korszakra (La Tène B2-B2/C1 időszakra) tehető. A kora császárkorban továbbélő bennszülött lakosság által lakott, valamint az avar kori és Árpád-kori (XI-XIII. századi) településrészletek, továbbá a langobard temető feldolgozása folyamatban van. Utóbbiak befejezésének lehetőségét egy újabb pályázattól reméljük. | Our research is focused on evaluating and preparing to publish the finds of the middle Bronze Age, Celtic and Langobard cemetery and the settlements from the Copper Age, Celtic, Roman, Avar period and the Árpádian Age that has been discovered at Ménfőcsanak road Nr. 83. Due to the depressed grant the processing of the prehistoric phases of the site have been completed. The processing of the small part of a late Copper Age settlement gives data on the settlement history of the Kisalföld in the period of the Boleráz culture. The analysis of the 60 middle Bronze Age burials as one of the most important cemeteries of the Transdanubian Incrusted Pottery culture and the Tokod group gives basicly new information about the funerary rites of the period. Two other graves of the Tumulus culture helps to understand the cultural changes in the end of the middle and the beginning of the late Bronze Age. The Iron Age cemetery is the evidence of the earliest Celtic settlement in the territory of Hungary. It has been used in the later phase (from La Tène B1 until the turn of La Tène C/D) as well. The settlement which was also found here can be dated to a bit younger period (La Tène B2-B2/C1) of the Celtic Age. The evaluation of the villages from the early Roman, the Avar period, the Arpadian Age (XI-XIII. century), and cemetery of the Langobards have also been proceed. Finishing the latter one can be expected with the help of another grant

Régészeti kutatások Békés megyében = Archaeological investigations in County Békés

A pályázatban a Békés megyében 1986-1993 között folyt mikroregionális kutatások eredményeinek elsősorban a középkorra vonatkozó közlését vállaltuk két kötetben. A tervben szereplő két kötet közül az első az Endrőd 170. és Örménykút 52. lelőhelyeken folytatott ásatások leletanyagának közlése angol nyelven. A kézirat a feltárt régészeti anyag közlése mellett tartalmazza az Endrőd 170. lelőhely botanikai és zoológiai maradványainak publikációját is, mely alapul szolgál a környezeti rekonstrukcióhoz. A munka a Varia Archaeologica Hungarica sorozat 25. köteteként 2011. májusában megjelent. (Andrea H. Vaday – Dénes Jankovich B. – László Kovács: Archaeological investigations in County Békés 1986-1992. Budapest 2011, 640 oldal.) A második kötetben az alföldi mikrorégió lelőhelyeinek térinformatikai feldolgozását, illetve az Endrőd 6. lelőhely ásatási anyagát adjuk közre, ezen kívül sikerült feldolgoztatni a lelőhely Árpád-kori zoológiai anyagát is. A pályázatban tervezett második kötetbe ezen felül a mikrorégió területén folytatott ásatások Árpád-kori és középkori leleteinek közlése, a kutatási eredmények összefoglaló ismertetése, továbbá az avar korra, a 10. századra és a középkorra vonatkozó településtörténeti megfigyelések és eredmények tanulmányok formájában A kézirat a 401 oldal szöveg mellett összesen 304 illusztrációt tartalmaz, köztük 7 színes elterjedési térképpel. | The Archaeological Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences conducted a microregional research project in the Great Hungarian Plain, in Békés County, between 1984 and 1993. The number of different publications coming out with the connection of these investigations go up to 60, but the scientific results of medieval periods has been missing. This project aimed to retrieve this deficiency by producing two volumes of studies. It included the result of two excavations: the site of END0170, on one hand and the site of ÖRM0052, on the other. The botanical and zoological remains of the END0170 site also were published in this volume. With the support of this project we were able to finish the desktop preparation, and the book issued in English in 2011. (Andrea H. Vaday – Dénes Jankovich B. – László Kovács: Archaeological investigations in County Békés 1986-1992. Budapest 2011, 640 pages, with several illustrations.) The second intended volume aimed to publish the medieval archaeological materials of many excavations, and the evaluation of investigation of settlement network, data for reconstruction of medieval weather, soil types, vegetation and fauna. The manuscripts and illustrations of these topics had to be completed, updated, and the site distribution as well as the plans of excavations were input in a GIS structure with their database, and seven colour distribution map were produced by GIS. The printed publication was not the aim of this project

Modulation of Leukocyte Behavior by an Inflamed Extracellular Matrix

Inflammation is a response of the immune system to foreign insult or physical damage. Various cellular and humoral components of the immune system are recruited from the vascular system and are translocated through endothelium, and into extracellular matrix (ECM) compartments of inflamed tissues. This translocation is orchestrated by various types of accessory signals, in the form of soluble or complexed molecules, which evoke remarkable transitions in leukocyte activities. Recruited inflammatory cells give rise to mechanisms of migration, including the secretion of enzymes and other pro-inflammatory mediators and the alteration of their adhesive contacts with the ECM. Hence, migrating cells secrete enzymes, chemokines, and cytokines which interact with the ECM, and thereby, provide the cells with intrinsic signals for coordinating their responses. Resultant products of enzymatic modifications to the ECM microenvironment, such as cytokine- and ECM-derived molecules, may be also part of a cell-signaling mechanism that provides leukocytes with information about the nature of their inflammatory activity; such a mechanism may give the immune system data that can be cognitively interpreted for consequential activities. This article reviews the findings that support this notion and describe the dynamic interactions between participants of the inflammatory processes

2-Amino-5-bromo­pyridine–benzoic acid (1/1)

In the title adduct, C5H5BrN2·C7H6O2, the carboxyl group of the benzoic acid mol­ecule is twisted away from the attached ring by 12.97 (11)°. The 2-amino-5-bromo­pyridine mol­ecules inter­act with the carboxylic group of neighbouring benzoic acid mol­ecules through N—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming cyclic R 2 2(8) hydrogen-bonded motifs and linking the mol­ecules into a two-dimensional network lying parallel to (100). The crystal structure is further stabilized by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

2-Amino-5-bromo­pyridinium trifluoro­acetate

In the title compound, C5H6BrN2 +·C2F3O2 −, the F atoms of the anion are disordered over two sets of sites, with occupancies of 0.59 (2):0.41 (2). In the crystal structure, the anions and cations are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to (100) by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Within this network, the N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R 2 2(8) ring motifs

2-Amino-5-bromo­pyridinium 3-amino­benzoate

In the title salt, C5H6BrN2 +·C7H6NO2 −, the pyridine N atom of the 2-amino-5-bromo­pyridine mol­ecule is protonated. In the crystal, the protonated N atom and the 2-amino group are hydrogen-bonded to the carboxyl­ate O atoms via a pair of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming an R 2 2(8) ring motif. Two inversion-related 3-amino­benzoate anions are linked through N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonds, forming an R 2 2(14) ring motif. The crystal structure is further stabilized by π⋯π inter­actions involving the benzene and pyridinium rings with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.7743 (15) Å

2-Amino-5-bromo­pyridinium hydrogen succinate

In the title compound, C5H6BrN2 +·C4H5O4 −, the pyridine N atom of the 2-amino-5-bromo­pyridine mol­ecule is protonated. The protonated N atom and the amino group are linked via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to the carboxyl­ate O atoms of the singly deprotonated succinate anion. The hydrogen succinate anions are linked via O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond is also observed