Psychological and ethical issues in third party assisted conception and surrogate motherhood

The continuing increase in babies born via third party assisted conception (AC) and surrogate motherhood across the world shows the success of and medical and social demand for third party interventions in family building. However, with the increasing use of such interventions world-wide, commercialisation and commodification have proliferated. This in turn has led to inequality in access to AC services, in choice of third party input, and in questionable human rights and psychosocial welfare issues. Transitioning to parenthood using third party AC and surrogate motherhood, in addition to requiring equality in access, also demand accuracy of birth and genetic information. In the absence of accurate record keeping, continuing practices of anonymity, and marginalization of the contribution of donors and surrogates, psychological, social, health and ethical questions are raised for donors, recipients and potentially for (genetic, gestational) part, half and full offspring, siblings and others in the extended family such as grandparents

Italian Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents and the Diagnostic-clinical Management of HIV-1 Infected Persons

112The aim of this version is simply to render certain concepts expressed in the document more usable, by specific circulation in booklet form, inviting the reader to refer to the extended version for further information and full details. It was decided not to discuss in toto in this version certain fundamental parts of the extended versions such as the populations requiring special attention (elderly, women, immigrants, children), the conditions requiring special attention (drug and/or alcohol addiction, detention) or the situations requiring special attention (transplants). For all these populations, conditions or situations, it should be referred at the full text version of the Guidelines. Lastly, it was decided to refer the reader to the extended version for all bibliographic citations, except for the essential references cited at the end of this versionopenAntinori A; Marcotullio S; Ammassari A; Andreoni M; Angarano G; Carosi G; Cinque P; D' Arminio Monforte A; Di Perri G; Ensoli B; Ferrazzi E; Galli M; Mastroianni C; Matteelli A; Mazzotta F; Moroni M; Pal G; Puoti M; Puro V; Rizzardini G; Sagnelli E; Suter F; Vella S; Lazzarin A. Collaborators: Ensoli B; Moroni M; Lazzarin A; Sagnelli E; Antinori A; Carosi G; Marcotullio S; Mazzotta F; Vella S; Ammassari A; Antonucci G; Andreoni M; Angarano G; Armignacco O; Babudieri S; Baldelli F; Bini T; Bonfanti P; Bonora S; Borderi M; Bruno R; Bucciardini R; Castagna A; Cattelan AM; Cauda R; Cerioli A; Chirianni A; Cingolani A; Cinque P; D' Arminio Monforte A; De Carli G; De Luca A; Di Perri G; Di Pietro M; El Hamad I; Errico M; Ferrazzi E; Floridia M; Gabrielli E; Galli M; Giaquinto C; Girardi E; Gori A; Grossi P; Guaraldi G; Liuzzi G; Lo Caputo S; Maggiolo F; Malena M; Maserati R; Mastroianni C; Matteelli A; Morrone A; Murri R; Mussini C; Nasta P; Oldrini M; Oleari F; Orlando G; Pal G; Pempinello R; Perno CF; Prestileo T; Pompa MG; Puoti M; Puro V; Rancilio L; Rasi G; Rizzardini G; Savasi VM; Signorini L; Sighinolfi L; Sighinolfi M; Stagnitta M; Starace F; Starnini G; Sterrantino G; Suter F; Tamburini E; Tambussi G; Tavio M; Torti C; Tozzi V; Trotta MP; Vaccher E; Vigan A; Visintini R; Vullo V; Zuccotti GVAntinori, A; Marcotullio, S; Ammassari, A; Andreoni, M; Angarano, G; Carosi, G; Cinque, P; D' Arminio Monforte, A; Di Perri, G; Ensoli, B; Ferrazzi, E; Galli, M; Mastroianni, C; Matteelli, A; Mazzotta, F; Moroni, M; Pal, G; Puoti, M; Puro, V; Rizzardini, G; Sagnelli, E; Suter, F; Vella, S; Lazzarin A., Collaborators: Ensoli B; Moroni, M; Lazzarin, A; Sagnelli, E; Antinori, A; Carosi, G; Marcotullio, S; Mazzotta, F; Vella, S; Ammassari, A; Antonucci, G; Andreoni, M; Angarano, G; Armignacco, O; Babudieri, S; Baldelli, F; Bini, T; Bonfanti, P; Bonora, S; Borderi, M; Bruno, R; Bucciardini, R; Castagna, A; Cattelan, Am; Cauda, R; Cerioli, A; Chirianni, A; Cingolani, A; Cinque, P; D' Arminio Monforte, A; De Carli, G; De Luca, A; Di Perri, G; Di Pietro, M; El Hamad, I; Errico, M; Ferrazzi, E; Floridia, M; Gabrielli, E; Galli, M; Giaquinto, C; Girardi, E; Gori, A; Grossi, PAOLO ANTONIO; Guaraldi, G; Liuzzi, G; Lo Caputo, S; Maggiolo, F; Malena, M; Maserati, R; Mastroianni, C; Matteelli, A; Morrone, A; Murri, R; Mussini, C; Nasta, P; Oldrini, M; Oleari, F; Orlando, G; Pal, G; Pempinello, R; Perno, Cf; Prestileo, T; Pompa, Mg; Puoti, M; Puro, V; Rancilio, L; Rasi, G; Rizzardini, G; Savasi, Vm; Signorini, L; Sighinolfi, L; Sighinolfi, M; Stagnitta, M; Starace, F; Starnini, G; Sterrantino, G; Suter, F; Tamburini, E; Tambussi, G; Tavio, M; Torti, C; Tozzi, V; Trotta, Mp; Vaccher, E; Vigan, A; Visintini, R; Vullo, V; Zuccotti, G