946 research outputs found
Are Finance, Management, and Marketing Autonomous Fields of Scientific Research? An Analysis Based on Journal Citations
Although there is considerable consensus that Finance, Management, and Marketing are âscienceâ, some debate remains with regard to whether these three areas comprise autonomous, organized and settled scientific research fields. In this paper we aim to explore this issue by analyzing the occurrence of citations in the top-ranked journals in the areas of Finance, Management, and Marketing. We put forward a modified version of the ânetwork clusterâ as proposed by Klamer and Van Dalen (2002) and conclude that Finance is a âRelatively autonomous, organized and settled field of researchâ whereas Management and (to a larger extent) Marketing are relatively non-autonomous and hybrid fields of researchâ. Complementary analysis based on sub-discipline rankings using the recursive methodology of Liebowitz and Palmer (1984) confirms the above conclusions.Citations; Science; Autonomy
Human capital and corruption: a microeconomic model of the bribes market with democratic contestability
To overcome market failures society creates common laws that stimulate or penalize individual actions, the enforcement of which depends on the actions of public authorities who may be susceptible to corruption. Thus, a new market emerges where âinfluencesâ are traded. Legislators have incentives to deviate from the goal of efficiency and produce laws that maximize the gains that can be expected from bribes. We model this behaviour for an autocracy versus a democracy, using a microeconomic framework. We assume that in an autocracy rulers have a monopoly over the bribes market, whereas in a democracy conflicting groups compete in the bribes market. In order to bring about the downfall of the incumbent rulers, these groups inform voters of the rulers' deviant actions so that, by a stochastic process, they convince voters of the existence of bribes and therefore gain their votes. The models constructed produce results that are compatible with the well-known stylized facts, namely that (1) in a democracy the level of corruption is lower than in an autocracy, although still positive, that (2) in environments where the level of human capital is higher (the proxy for the votersâ receptivity to the efforts of the opposition), regimes are closer to democracies and the level of corruption is lower, and that (3) the level of corruption is higher in more regulated economies.Human capital; corruption; democracy; computational models
Bargaining regimes and wages in Portugal
In this paper we analyse the bargaining regime wage-effect in Portugal. The results indicate that the bargaining regime coverage is important in explain- ing the variability of wages. Wage differentials between bargaining regimes are substantial, a fact which may be related to a decentralised wage setting which pre- vails in Portugal. The highest wages are generated by multi-firm negotiations and the lowest are generated by sectoral contracts. Single-firm contracts align at an intermediate level in the ranking.Financial support from program PRAXIS XXI under grant PRAXIS/2/2.1/CSH/781/95 and FEDER is acknowledged. The third author also acknowledges financial support from program PRAXIS XXI under grant BD/3486/94 and from the University of the Azores.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Spatial analysis of caries experience in population of teens, adults, and elderly people in the state of SĂŁo Paulo : data from SB SP 2015
Estimate the prevalence and gravity of coronal dental caries for populations of adolescents, adults and elderly people. For the crossing of data of the average DMF rates by Regional Health Directorate (RHD) with the digital cartographical base, municipals were grouped by RHD, and the connection between the two bases was formed by a common code or "primary key" in the TerraViewÂź software program (version 4.2.1). The distribution of the DMF average for the teen population was the worst for RHD 8, while RHDs 4, 7 and 14 had lower averages. For the adult population, RHDs 4 and 12 presented the lowest DMF averages. On the other hand, RHDs 8, 13, and 16 had the worst results. For the elderly population, the RHD 4 presented the lowest average, and RHD 9 the highest DMF rate for this population. The differences in DMF averages among the RHDs and the populations studied showed that it is necessary to plan different locoregional oral health actions to face the severe clinical state exposed, since its spatial distribution is disparate, with concentrations of cases in certain regions for all age groups studied3311621CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTĂFICO E TECNOLĂGICO - CNPQFUNDAĂĂO DE AMPARO Ă PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SĂO PAULO - FAPESP0966/1514/50109-
Fatores prognósticos em cùncer de cólon localmente avançado tratado com ressecção extendida
The impact of clinical, pathologic, and surgical variables on the postoperative morbidity, mortality, and survival of patients undergoing extended resections of colon carcinoma were evaluated. METHODS: The medical records of 95 patients who underwent extended resections for colon carcinoma between 1953 and 1996 were reviewed. In all cases, in addition to colectomy, 1 or more organs and/or structures were resected en bloc due to a macroscopically based suspicion of tumor invasion. The clinical, pathologic, and surgical parameters were analyzed. Overall survival rates were analyzed according to the method of Kaplan and Meier. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Eighty-six patients were treated by curative surgeries and the remaining by palliative resections. Invasion of the organs and/or adjacent structures and regional lymph nodes was found microscopically in 48 and 31 patients, respectively. The median follow-up without postoperative mortality was 47.7 months. The 5-year overall survival rates was 52.6%. The 5-year overall survival rates for patients undergoing curative and palliative surgeries was 58.3% and 0%, respectively. The mean survival time in the palliative surgery group was 3.1 months. Multivariate analysis showed that Karnofsky performance status was strongly related to the risk of postoperative complications (P = .01), and postoperative deaths were associated with the type of surgery and Karnofsky performance status at the time of admission (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Some patients with locally advanced colon adenocarcinomas undergoing extended resections have a 5-year overall survival rates of 58.3%. Patients could benefit from palliative-intent procedures, but these measures should cautiously be indicated and avoided in patients with low Karnofsky performance status due to high rates of postoperative mortality and poor survival.Foi avaliado o impacto de variĂĄveis clĂnicas, patolĂłgicas e cirĂșrgicas na morbidade e mortalidade pĂłs operatĂłrias de pacientes submetidos Ă ressecção extendida de carcinoma do cĂłlon. MĂTODOS: ProntuĂĄrios mĂ©dicos de 95 pacientes submetidos ĂĄ ressecção extendida de carcinoma de cĂłlon entre os anos de 1953 e 1996 foram revisados. Em todos os casos, alĂ©m de colectomia, um ou mais ĂłrgĂŁos e/ou estruturas foram ressecados em bloco devido ĂĄ suspeição de invasĂŁo tumoral macroscĂłpica. As variĂĄveis clĂnicas, patolĂłgicas e cirĂșrgicas foram analizadas. As taxas de sobrevida global foram analizadas de acordo com o mĂ©todo de Kaplan and Meier. A anĂĄlise multivariada foi realizada empregando-se o modelo de risco proporcional de Cox. RESULTADOS: Oitenta e seis pacientes foram tratados com cirurgia curativa e o restante com ressecção paliativa. InvasĂŁo microscĂłpica de ĂłrgĂŁos e/ou estruturas adjacentes e linfonodos regionais foi encontrada em 48 e 31 pacientes respectivamente. O tempo de seguimento mediano, sem mortalidade pĂłs operatĂłria, foi de 47.7 meses. A taxa de sobrevida global em 5 anos foi de 52.6%. A taxa de sobrevida global para pacientes submetidos Ă cirurgia curativa e paliativa foi de 58.3% e zero, respectivamente. A sobrevida mediana no grupo de pacientes com cirurgia paliativa foi de 3.1 meses. A anĂĄlise multivariada mostrou que a performance status de Karnofsky fortemente correlacionou com risco de complicaçÔes pĂłs operatĂłrias (p=0.01), e que o risco de morte pĂłs operatĂłria estava associada com o tipo de cirurgia e a performance status de Karnofsky na admissĂŁo (p=0.001) CONCLUSĂES: Pacientes com adenocarcinoma de cĂłlon localmente avançados submetidos Ă ressecção extendida tĂȘm taxa de sobrevida global em 5 anos de 58.3% Este tipo de cirurgia pode ser empregada com intuito paliativo, mas deve ter indicação criteriosa e ser evitada em pacientes com baixa performance status de Karnofsky devido Ă s altas taxas de mortalidade pĂłs operatĂłria e baixa sobrevida
What do they know? Mapping the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dog owners in the United States regarding dog training.
It has been suggested that dog training that utilizes a reward-based approach can promote a healthy relationship between dogs and their owners, but that aversive-based dog training methods may harm dog welfare and the human-animal bond. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing dog owners' decisions regarding dog training methods in the United States. A questionnaire was designed and implemented to assess dog ownersâ training knowledge, perceptions, and practices. A convenience sample of 385 dog owners residing in the United States completed a survey promoted on social media. Descriptive analysis was performed for all data. Most respondents planned to or had already participated in training classes with their dogs. Most participants reported knowing enough to educate their dogs but would reach out for help with behavioral problems, advanced training, and puppy classes. The owners considered the stressfulness and reliability of training methods to be more important than how quickly the results were achieved. Participants preferred less stressful training methods, and the specific method used was most important when choosing a dog trainer or school. Dog owners indicated that the most important behaviors for their dogs to learn were recall, being calm at home alone, and good manners around people and other dogs. This study is the first assessment of dog owners in the United States and their knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding dog training
Effect of storage on physical-chemical properties and phenolics of sweet cherry from SĂŁo JuliĂŁo region.
Effect of storage on physical-chemical properties and phenolics of sweet
cherry from SĂŁo JuliĂŁo region.
A.C. Agulheiro-Santos1, F. Vieira1, D. Gonzalez2, M. Lozano2, V. Palma1,
A.E. Rato1
1Universidade de Ăvora. Instituto de CiĂȘncias AgrĂĄrias e Ambientais MediterrĂąnica (ICAAM). 7000 Ăvora, Portugal.
2Centro de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TecnolĂłgicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX). Ctra. San Vicente. Finca Santa
Engracia. 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
Worldwide the consumption of fruit and vegetables is increasing due to the dietary guidelines
recommended by nutritionist. Because of their high content on phenols, vitamins, mineral
and antioxidants, berry fruits are consumed not only in fresh forms but also as processed and
derivative products such as juices, yogurts, jellies and dried fruits. As a high consumed red
fruit, sweet cherry has been the focus on some studies, mainly regarding bioactive
compounds content. âSweetheartâ cherries from SĂŁo JuliĂŁo region (Alentejo, Portugal) from
two different production campaigns were kept in different storage conditions in order to
evaluate both the environmental and storage effect on some physical-chemical properties and
phenolics. Cold conditions - Cold (1 ÂșC, 95% RH) and modified atmosphere - MA (1 ÂșC,
95% RH with micro-perforated bags of PplusÂź, Sidlaw Packaging, Bristol, UK) were tested.
In order to establish the appropriate storage conditions, individual phenolic acids and
physical-chemical properties were analysed during two consecutive years. Results show a
general decrease on phenolic compounds content between cherries from both years. It is also
observed that MA conditions do not affect significantly both phenolics and physical-chemical
parameters when compared with Cold conditions. Additionally, it is observed similar
behaviour on Cold and MA sweet cherries regarding its pH, total soluble solids content
(TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and colour and individual phenols during storage time.
Concluding, these results show, as expected, changes between cultivars which may be
correlated with the environmental conditions on different years.
Keywords: sweet cherry, postharvest, phenols, physical-chemical, storage conditions
Influence of Soil and Irrigation Management on the Quality of Seedless Crimson Table Grapes
The market for table grapes is moving into mass production of specialty seed-less
grapes in covered areas, aiming at obtaining premium prices with early or late
production of high quality products. Production of quality seedless grapes is not
straightforward since it is requires the correct combination of various independent
characteristics, such as color, sugars, size and quantity at the right moment for
successful harvesting and marketing. The present study was carried out at the two
largest Portuguese producers located in Alentejo, and has the objective of studying the
effect of irrigation management strategies and two different soils on the various
relevant parameters for successful production and marketing. The management
strategies were the application of ten day stress at the end of the cycle, in order to
promote early maturing of the grapes.
Three different timings of the stress were applied. Soil moisture, sap flow, bark
thickness, as well as leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content
were measured regularly during the production season. The results indicate that the
roots explore a rather large soil volume and the plants can successfully withstand
reasonable periods of drought without significant changes to the plant physiology.
Additionally late rains can mask the effect of any farmer applied drought and invalidate
any farmer induced stress to the plants. Water-logged soils tend to cause early onset of
maturity, but cause the ripening stage to extend over a longer period of time, and thus,
in effect result in a delay in the harvest date. Topography also has some effect on the
ripening, since hot air tends to accumulate under the plastic at the higher areas of the
field.
This work is funded by PRODER, 4.1, within the scope of project MORECRIMSO
Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolated from Desmodus rotundus captured in Rio de Janeiro State
Caracterizou-se filogeneticamente o vĂrus da raiva, isolado de morcegos hematĂłgafos (Demodus rotundus). Cento e noventa e nove D. rotundus foram capturados em cinco abrigos, no Norte e Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e sul do EspĂrito Santo. Sete deles foram positivos para a raiva. Amostras desses vĂrus foram sequenciadas e comparadas com sequĂȘncias provenientes de diversos estados brasileiros. As sequĂȘncias de vĂrus da raiva isoladas, na regiĂŁo norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, mostraram caracterĂsticas que as distinguem de amostras de vĂrus isoladas em outras regiĂ”es do paĂs, no entanto foram idĂȘnticas Ă s isoladas de bovinos no noroeste do Rio de Janeiro.Rabies samples isolated from vampire bats captured in the Rio de Janeiro State were phylogenetically analyzed. One hundred and ninety nine vampire bats were captured from five shelters from North and Northwest of Rio de Janeiro and South of EspĂrito Santo States. Seven of them were positive for rabies. Theses samples were sequenced and compared with rabies virus sequences from several Brazilian states. The sequences of rabies virus, isolated in the present work, from North of Rio de Janeiro State, showed characteristics that differ of the sequences isolated from bats from other Brazilian regions. However, they were identical to samples isolated from cattle in Northwest of Rio de Janeiro state.(FAPERJ) Fundação de Amparo Ă Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeir
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