An Overview of Italian Gaming The State of the Industry

In recent years, the field of gambling in Italy has registered significant growth and Italians have demonstrated high propensity to play. The purpose of this article is to analyze the dynamics of such growth, in particular of the sectors that have developed more than others, and the effect of State policies and regulations on decisions taken by economic operators. From our research, it emerges that the gambling sector has been affected by a complex and contradictory State normative policy. Despite the fact that the Italian legal system allows only four casinos to operate, contradictory State polices throughout the years have determined a significant expansion of the offer of games but also resulted in a disparity of treatment of different sectors of the gaming industry

International Differences in IFRS Policy Choice and the Persistence of Accounting Classification: The Case of China

This paper focuses on the application of IFRS standards in China. The research is mainly conducted on the basis of Kvaal and Nobes's studies (2010) regarding the different ways that various countries apply IFRS and Nobes's IFRS accounting classification system (2011). For companies that issued B shares, the use of IFRS in China lasted only until the 2006 ASBE (Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises) reform. The present study examines IFRS overt options in an attempt to 1) review the choices made by Chinese companies to discover – in light of the applicable PRC GAAP (Chinese Local Standards) requirement of that time – whether they were more or less likely to choose an option than the other countries analysed by Nobes & Kvaal; 2) rank China's place within Nobes's accounting classification system; and 3) rank China' place, again in the Nobes's model but also in light of a recent study based on BRICS (Note 1)countries (Sarquis, et al. 2014). The results of the statistical analysis confirm that Chinese financial statements display a "local" nature in their use of IFRS and that in its accounting tendencies, China belongs to the Continental European group rather than with the other BRICS countries

Trapianto eterotopico addominale di cuore con funzione di assistenza ventricolare sinistra

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Performance Reporting Choices after the Adoption of IAS 1 Revised: Comparative Evidence from Europe and the USA

Motivated by the issuance of International Accounting Standard 1 revised, this paper investigates reporting choices on the Comprehensive Income of listed companies from Europe and the USA. This research aims at verifying the effects of the requirements issued by the International Accounting Standard 1 revised in improving performance evaluation towards the convergence between European and American accounting standards, Our research tests the correlation between the choice of Income Statement format and different variables, such as the size of companies, sign of Other Comprehensive Income, leverage and status of a US listing. This paper also evaluates the effect of Comprehensive Income on financial performance by calculating the Return On Equity. The main findings underline that the format of Income Statement and the “location” of the Comprehensive Income can be interpreted both as factors that can influence the choices of investors and as a tool available to managers to alter the communication of the firm's performance choices. Keywords: Comprehensive Income; convergence; performance JEL Classifications:  M10, M16, M40, M4

Testing semi-strong efficiency in a fixed odds betting market: Evidence from principal European football leagues.

In this paper, we try to measure the semi-strong efficiency of the sports betting market. In particular, we aim to understand whether the efficiency of the market is realized in the case of fixed odds provided by bookmakers on the four major European football championships. By examining the trends of odds in the event of some major change in expectations about the teams’ results, i.e. when a team’s coach is replaced, we attempt to verify the argument that a profitable betting strategy for the bettor is likely possible. In this case, the market that we are taking into account will be inefficient

Testing semi-strong efficiency in a fixed odds betting market: Evidence from principal European football leagues.

In this paper, we try to measure the semi-strong efficiency of the sports betting market. In particular, we aim to understand whether the efficiency of the market is realized in the case of fixed odds provided by bookmakers on the four major European football championships. By examining the trends of odds in the event of some major change in expectations about the teams’ results, i.e. when a team’s coach is replaced, we attempt to verify the argument that a profitable betting strategy for the bettor is likely possible. In this case, the market that we are taking into account will be inefficient

comparability of company accounts using ifrs and us gaap empirical evidence of european and us financial statements

Purpose-The main objective of this study is to provide a judgment on the comparability of financial statements prepared under IFRS and US-GAAP. We developed two research questions for evaluating comparability within Europe (IFRS) and within the US (US GAAP) and for testing whether comparability is higher or lower when the US companies are included with the European countries.Design/Methodology/Approach-The T index framework was used to summarize the level of comparability for 13 accounting items using data from 250 companies.Findings-Empirical results are mixed. Of 13 accounting items considered, international comparability is significantly lower for 7 items and significantly higher for 4 items when the US companies are included. Furthermore, comparability amongst companies using IFRS is not consistently higher or lower than comparability amongst companies using US GAAP.Practical implications-Answers to the research questions may provide useful suggestions for IASB's current policy direction towards global accounting standards convergence, and in particular for the IASB-FASB convergence project. The results also have implications for companies or countries considering shifting to IFRS or US GAAP.Research limitations/implications-Lack of comparability within countries, rather than between countries, suggests a need to focus on reducing options within standards rather than on differences between standards or countries.Originality value-Our empirical results show that in most cases lack of comparability may be driven by options within a standard rather than by explicit differences between standards

Fraud and incompetence:Accounting in the Papal States (1831–1859)

The Papal States was a longstanding nation ruled by the Pope, the Head of the Roman Catholic Church. Its accountants included priests and laymen who were employed as bureaucrats. Despite an expectation that the finances would be carefully managed, this research from the mid-nineteenth century shows that incompetence and fraud dogged the Papal States’ latter years, contributing to it losing most of its territory in the Second War of Italian Independence from 1859, and its final demise in 1870. This prosopography of three men who held high bureaucratic positions, analyses their approach to accounting in the Papal States. It shows that waste and deficient accounting arose from individuals undertaking fraud and from organisational (and individual) incompetence. In doing so, it elucidates how the Papal States could be a ‘vehicle for fraud’, and in particular, how it was used as a shield to enable both fraud and incompetence to go unpunished

Accounting and raison d’État in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Reopening the University of Pisa (1543–1609)

The University of Pisa in the 16th and early 17th centuries was essential to the governmental plan of the Grand Dukes of Tuscany to strengthen their State. Consistent with the rationality of Foucault’s concept of raison d’État, the Grand Dukes sought to constantly mould the conduct of students and professors through a multitude of interventions. These often contradicted the law in the form of the Statute under which the University was reopened that promised to protect the freedom and independence of students and professors. Detailed control by the Grand Dukes was enabled by an extensive use of written information, most notably in the form of accounting reports, which made it possible for the rulers to govern the University in a detailed and thorough way

Avaliação de sustentabilidade de estabelecimentos rurais, com base de produção na Agroecologia e na agricultura familiar, na região oeste de Santa Catarina

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi de avaliar a sustentabilidade de estabelecimentos rurais, agroecossistemas caracterizados com trabalho de agricultura familiar, com foco em atividade de produção de frutas e hortaliças com base na Agroecologia, localizados na região oeste de Santa Catarina. O trabalho fundamentou suas ações e procedimentos nas relevantes questões sobre agricultura e desenvolvimento sustentável, que permeiam o pensamento da sociedade contemporânea. O método para realizar a pesquisa foi baseado na proposta MESMIS - Marco para a Avaliação de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturais Incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidade abordando os atributos da sustentabilidade e as dimensões ambiental, social e econômica. Foi possível apresentar uma descrição detalhada dos estabelecimentos, determinados os pontos de destaque e mensurados os indicadores de sustentabilidade. Os principais pontos encontrados: mão de obra, lucratividade, água, dependência de insumos externos, controle administrativo, atuação participativa e acesso a extensão rural. O estudo permitiu conhecer amplamente os estabelecimentos, tornando-se uma ferramenta importante para a gestão destas unidades