Ácidos fenólicos, flavonoides e atividade antioxidante em méis de Melipona fasciculata, M. flavolineata (Apidae, Meliponini) e Apis mellifera (Apidae, Apini) da Amazônia.

PHENOLIC ACIDS, FLAVONOIDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN HONEY OF Melipona fasciculata, M. flavolineata (Apidae, Meliponini) AND Apis mellifera (Apidae, Apini) FROM THE AMAZON. Honey produced by three stingless bee species (Melipona flavolineata, M. fasciculata and Apis mellifera) from different regions of the Amazon was analyzed by separating phenolic acids and flavonoids using the HPLC technique. Data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis (PCA, HCA and DA). Results showed the three species of honey samples could be distinguished by phenolic composition. Antioxidant activity of the honeys was determined by studying the capacity of inhibiting radicals using DPPH assay. Honeys with higher phenolic compound contents had greater antioxidant capacity and darker color

Estoque de nitrogênio em diferentes manejos da vegetação secundária em sistemas agroflorestal sequencial no Nordeste paraense.

O estoque de nitrogênio total no solo pode ser modificado devido a prática de manejo inadequado, principalmente à derruba e queima da vegetação secundária no preparo de área. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi quantificar o estoque de nitrogênio no solo em diferentes sistemas de preparo do uso da terra, com e sem queima, combinados com dois níveis de adubação (NPK). O trabalho foi desenvolvido na comunidade de Cumaru, município de Igarapé-Açu (PA) em Latossolo amarelo de textura média sob diferentes preparos de área com e sem adubação NPK, com seis repetições cada. Avaliaram-se os seguintes tratamentos: Queima + NPK (com adubação), Queima ? NPK (sem adubação), Trituração + NPK (com adubação) e Trituração ? NPK (sem adubação). As amostras de solo foram coletadas em março de 2010 nas profundidades 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-50 cm com o auxílio de um trado do tipo sonda e uma marreta. A concentração de nitrogênio das amostras de solo foi determinada por combustão via seca. O tratamento trituração + NPK apresentou um estoque de nitrogênio total do solo (4,01 ± 0,25 Mg ha-1) maior do que a trituração ? NPK (3,82 ± 0,23 Mg ha-1), a queima ? NPK (3,66 ± 0,16 Mg ha-1) e a queima + NPK (3,55 ± 0,25 Mg ha-1), porém o estoque de nitrogênio no solo não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. Concluiu-se que a aplicação de diferentes manejos para preparo da área e a adubação não alteraram o estoque de nitrogênio no solo.Editores técnicos: Roberto Porro, Milton Kanashiro, Maria do Socorro Gonçalves Ferreira, Leila Sobral Sampaio e Gladys Ferreira de Sousa

Protocolo de medição e estimativa de biomassa e carbono florestal.

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Genetic divergence among a breeding population of Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Mangabeira) as determined by multivariate statistical methods.

The mangabeira its figure out among the mains native fruit tree explored by extractivism in Brasil. The objective evaluate the genetic divergence of landraces in orientation of crosses using multivariate techinics. The complete random blocks experimental design with four repetitions was used to evaluate twelve quantitative characteristics from twelve genotypes elite of mangabeiras concerning to divergence genetic using the software R (2012). Three groups genetically divergent were composed by biplot graphic and stored by UPGMA cluster analysis (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic Average / Weighted Clustering Method not using the Arithmetic Mean) showing genetic diversity and variability among 12 mangabeira accesses. Forty-four possible crosses are planned among genotypes of genetically dissimilar three groups and six among individuals in group III. Multivariate techniques were appropriate in the study of genetic divergence

Analysis of Strict Social Isolation (SSI-Lockdown) Measures Impacts on Atmospheric Pollutant Emissions and Health Risks on Roads with Intense Vehicle Flow in the City of Fortaleza-Ceara/Brazil

In early 2020, governments of many countries adopted strict social isolation (SSI) measures to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Disease (COVID-19). Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the influence of those SSI measures on atmospheric pollutants emissions and their potential health risks in the city of Fortaleza - Ceará. To this end, static and dynamic analyses were carried out in order to investigate the levels of some atmospheric pollutants found in four main avenues during SSI and post-SSI periods.  In addition, some health indicators were investigated by analyzing potential Particulate Matter (PM) deposition in the respiratory tract of populations exposed to those environments. Our results for both dynamic and static analyses show that all pollutant concentrations from those avenues displayed an increase between SSI and the post-SSI period. The total PM2.5 dose deposited in the respiratory tract and potential total PM10 respiratory deposition showed increases between the SSI and post-SSI periods. The inhaled-dose numbers also showed considerable increases for all avenues when comparing SSI and post-SSI periods. According to our results, SSI contributed to decreases in atmospheric pollutant emissions, in potential particulate matter respiratory tract deposition and, consequently, in the inhaled particulate matter dose

Trace and antitrace maps for aperiodic sequences, their extensions and applications

We study aperiodic systems based on substitution rules by means of a transfer-matrix approach. In addition to the well-known trace map, we investigate the so-called `antitrace' map, which is the corresponding map for the difference of the off-diagonal elements of the 2x2 transfer matrix. The antitrace maps are obtained for various binary, ternary and quaternary aperiodic sequences, such as the Fibonacci, Thue-Morse, period-doubling, Rudin-Shapiro sequences, and certain generalizations. For arbitrary substitution rules, we show that not only trace maps, but also antitrace maps exist. The dimension of the our antitrace map is r(r+1)/2, where r denotes the number of basic letters in the aperiodic sequence. Analogous maps for specific matrix elements of the transfer matrix can also be constructed, but the maps for the off-diagonal elements and for the difference of the diagonal elements coincide with the antitrace map. Thus, from the trace and antitrace map, we can determine any physical quantity related to the global transfer matrix of the system. As examples, we employ these dynamical maps to compute the transmission coefficients for optical multilayers, harmonic chains, and electronic systems.Comment: 13 pages, REVTeX, now also includes applications to electronic systems, some references adde

Avalanches in Breakdown and Fracture Processes

We investigate the breakdown of disordered networks under the action of an increasing external---mechanical or electrical---force. We perform a mean-field analysis and estimate scaling exponents for the approach to the instability. By simulating two-dimensional models of electric breakdown and fracture we observe that the breakdown is preceded by avalanche events. The avalanches can be described by scaling laws, and the estimated values of the exponents are consistent with those found in mean-field theory. The breakdown point is characterized by a discontinuity in the macroscopic properties of the material, such as conductivity or elasticity, indicative of a first order transition. The scaling laws suggest an analogy with the behavior expected in spinodal nucleation.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. E, corrected typo in authors name, no changes to the pape