3,826 research outputs found
Security Proof for Quantum Key Distribution Using Qudit Systems
We provide security bounds against coherent attacks for two families of
quantum key distribution protocols that use -dimensional quantum systems. In
the asymptotic regime, both the secret key rate for fixed noise and the
robustness to noise increase with . The finite-key corrections are found to
be almost insensitive to .Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, version 3 corrects equations (9) and (11), and
slightly modifies the figure to reflect the change to equation (11
The Hawking temperature of expanding cosmological black holes
In the context of a debate on the correct expression of the Hawking
temperature of an expanding cosmological black hole, we show that the correct
expression in terms of the Hawking-Hayward quasi-local energy m of the hole is
T=1/(8\pi m(t)). This expression holds for comoving black holes and agrees with
a recent proposal by Saida, Harada, and Maeda.Comment: 5 latex pages, to appear in Phys. Rev. D. Some references adde
Quantum cryptography with finite resources: unconditional security bound for discrete-variable protocols with one-way post-processing
We derive a bound for the security of QKD with finite resources under one-way
post-processing, based on a definition of security that is composable and has
an operational meaning. While our proof relies on the assumption of collective
attacks, unconditional security follows immediately for standard protocols like
Bennett-Brassard 1984 and six-states. For single-qubit implementations of such
protocols, we find that the secret key rate becomes positive when at least
N\sim 10^5 signals are exchanged and processed. For any other discrete-variable
protocol, unconditional security can be obtained using the exponential de
Finetti theorem, but the additional overhead leads to very pessimistic
estimates
A Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi cosmological wormhole
We present a new analytical solution of the Einstein field equations
describing a wormhole shell of zero thickness joining two
Lema{\i}tre-Tolman-Bondi universes, with no radial accretion. The material on
the shell satisfies the energy conditions and, at late times, the shell becomes
comoving with the dust-dominated cosmic substratum.Comment: 5 pages, latex, no figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
On cosmological observables in a swiss-cheese universe
Photon geodesics are calculated in a swiss-cheese model, where the cheese is
made of the usual Friedmann-Robertson-Walker solution and the holes are
constructed from a Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi solution of Einstein's equations. The
observables on which we focus are the changes in the redshift, in the
angular-diameter--distance relation, in the luminosity-distance--redshift
relation, and in the corresponding distance modulus. We find that redshift
effects are suppressed when the hole is small because of a compensation effect
acting on the scale of half a hole resulting from the special case of spherical
symmetry. However, we find interesting effects in the calculation of the
angular distance: strong evolution of the inhomogeneities (as in the approach
to caustic formation) causes the photon path to deviate from that of the FRW
case. Therefore, the inhomogeneities are able to partly mimic the effects of a
dark-energy component. Our results also suggest that the nonlinear effects of
caustic formation in cold dark matter models may lead to interesting effects on
photon trajectories.Comment: 25 pages, 21 figures; replaced to fit the version accepted for
publication in Phys. Rev.
Light-cone averages in a swiss-cheese universe
We analyze a toy swiss-cheese cosmological model to study the averaging
problem. In our model, the cheese is the EdS model and the holes are
constructed from a LTB solution. We study the propagation of photons in the
swiss-cheese model, and find a phenomenological homogeneous model to describe
observables. Following a fitting procedure based on light-cone averages, we
find that the the expansion scalar is unaffected by the inhomogeneities. This
is because of spherical symmetry. However, the light-cone average of the
density as a function of redshift is affected by inhomogeneities. The effect
arises because, as the universe evolves, a photon spends more and more time in
the (large) voids than in the (thin) high-density structures. The
phenomenological homogeneous model describing the light-cone average of the
density is similar to the concordance model. Although the sole source in the
swiss-cheese model is matter, the phenomenological homogeneous model behaves as
if it has a dark-energy component. Finally, we study how the equation of state
of the phenomenological model depends on the size of the inhomogeneities, and
find that the equation-of-state parameters w_0 and w_a follow a power-law
dependence with a scaling exponent equal to unity. That is, the equation of
state depends linearly on the distance the photon travels through voids. We
conclude that within our toy model, the holes must have a present size of about
250 Mpc to be able to mimic the concordance model.Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures; replaced to fit the version accepted for
publication in Phys. Rev.
Trends in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence and survival among people with hepatitis C: An international study
Variability of the anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola in sorghum genotype mixtures.
This paper reports partial results obtained on the variability of Colletotrichum graminicola developed in response to the host diversity generated by three-line combination of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes. Nine sorghum lines were used in this study: CMSXS210B, CMSXS112B, CMSXS215B, CMSXS221B, CMSXS169R, CMSXS180R, CMSXS182R, CMSXS227R, and CMSXS116R. A total of 39 treatments on mixtures and pure stands of the component lines were evaluated in the field for the development of anthracnose, as a natural epidemic. Samples of the single spore isolates of the pathogen of each treatment indicated a reduction in the phenotypic diversity and an increase in the frequency of more complex races in genotype mixturesin relation to the pure stands of each genotype. O presente trabalho relata resultados parciais sobre a variabilidade de Colletotrichum graminicola, agente causal da antracnose do sorgo (Sorghum bicolor), desenvolvida em resposta à diversidade gerada na população hospedeira através de misturas formadas pela combinação, três a três, de diferentes linhagens de sorgo. Nove linhagens foram utilizadas neste estudo: CMSXS210B, CMSXS112B, CMSXS215B, CMSXS221B, CMSXS169R,CMSXS180R, CMSXS182R, CMSXS227R, and CMSXS116R. Misturas e estandes puros de cada linhagem componente, em um total de 39 tratamentos, foram avaliados no campo, para o desenvolvimento da antracnose em condições de infecção natural. Amostras de isolados monospóricos do patógeno obtidas de cada tratamento indicaram uma redução na diversidade fenotípica do patógeno e um aumento na freqüência de raças de maior complexidade em todas as misturas em relação aos estandes puros de cada genótipo
Variabilidade em Colletotrichum graminicola, agente causal da antracnose, em misturas de genótipos de sorgo.
Test beam measurement of the first prototype of the fast silicon pixel monolithic detector for the TT-PET project
The TT-PET collaboration is developing a PET scanner for small animals with
30 ps time-of-flight resolution and sub-millimetre 3D detection granularity.
The sensitive element of the scanner is a monolithic silicon pixel detector
based on state-of-the-art SiGe BiCMOS technology. The first ASIC prototype for
the TT-PET was produced and tested in the laboratory and with minimum ionizing
particles. The electronics exhibit an equivalent noise charge below 600 e- RMS
and a pulse rise time of less than 2 ns, in accordance with the simulations.
The pixels with a capacitance of 0.8 pF were measured to have a detection
efficiency greater than 99% and, although in the absence of the
post-processing, a time resolution of approximately 200 ps
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