Maternal Sepsis

Infections during pregnancy are prevalent. A small number of cases, however, may be life-threatening. Sepsis may be associated with multiple organ dysfunction and high mortality and it is one of the most common causes of direct maternal death often associated with the inability to recognize the severity of the illness. Long-term morbidity associated with maternal sepsis is significant and includes chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, bilateral tubal occlusion and infertility. The impact on neonatal mortality is also substantial, with over one million infection-related neonatal deaths eve - ry year. In the last few years, a vast number of clinical reviews of severe sepsis in pregnancy have been published, focusing on the characteristics of pregnant woman, the establishment of a specific treatment and the relevance of pregnancy surveillance by a multidisciplinary team. The treatment of sepsis is time-critical and requires early diagnosis, aggressive resuscitation, antibiotic administration and source control

Effects of varying ruminally undegradable protein supplementation on forage digestion, nitrogen metabolism, and urea kinetics in Nellore cattle fed low-quality tropical forage

Citation: Batista, E. D., Detmann, E., Titgemeyer, E. C., Valadares, S. C., Valadares, R. F. D., Prates, L. L., . . . Paulino, M. F. (2016). Effects of varying ruminally undegradable protein supplementation on forage digestion, nitrogen metabolism, and urea kinetics in Nellore cattle fed low-quality tropical forage. Journal of Animal Science, 94(1), 201-216. doi:10.2527/jas2015-9493Effects of supplemental RDP and RUP on nutrient digestion, N metabolism, urea kinetics, and muscle protein degradation were evaluated in Nellore heifers (Bos indicus) consuming low-quality signal grass hay (5% CP and 80% NDF, DM basis). Five ruminally and abomasally cannulated Nellore heifers (248 +/- 9 kg) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square. Treatments were the control (no supplement) and RDP supplementation to meet 100% of the RDP requirement plus RUP provision to supply 0, 50, 100, or 150% of the RUP requirement. Supplemental RDP (casein plus NPN) was ruminally dosed twice daily, and RUP supply (casein) was continuously infused abomasally. Jugular infusion of [(NN)-N-15-N-15]-urea with measurement of enrichment in urine was used to evaluate urea kinetics. The ratio of urinary 3-methylhistidine to creatinine was used to estimate skeletal muscle protein degradation. Forage NDF intake (2.48 kg/d) was not affected (P >= 0.37) by supplementation, but supplementation did increase ruminal NDF digestion (P < 0.01). Total N intake (by design) and N retention increased (P < 0.001) with supplementation and also linearly increased with RUP provision. Urea entry rate and gastrointestinal entry rate of urea were increased by supplementation (P < 0.001). Supplementation with RUP linearly increased (P = 0.02) urea entry rate and tended (P = 0.07) to linearly increase gastrointestinal entry rate of urea. Urea use for anabolic purposes tended (P = 0.07) to be increased by supplementation, and RUP provision also tended (P = 0.08) to linearly increase the amount of urea used for anabolism. The fraction of recycled urea N incorporated into microbial N was greater (P < 0.001) for control (22%) than for supplemented (9%) heifers. Urinary 3-methylhistidine: creatinine of control heifers was more than double that of supplemented heifers (P < 0.001). Control heifers reabsorbed a greater (P < 0.001) fraction of urea from the renal tubule than did supplemented heifers. Overall, unsupplemented heifers had greater mobilization of AA from myofibrillar protein, which provided N for urea synthesis and subsequent recycling. Supplemental RUP, when RDP was supplied, not only increased N retention but also supported increased urea N recycling and increased ruminal microbial protein synthesis

pH e força de cisalhamento da carne de cordeiros alimentados com glicerina bruta na fase de terminação.

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito da inclusão de glicerina bruta (GB) na dieta de cordeiros em terminação, sobre o pH, a temperatura (TºC), a força de cisalhamento (FC) e as perdas obtidas pelo descongelamento (PDESC) e cocção (PCOC) da carne de cordeiros da raça Santa Inês

Performance of Beef Cattle Fed Diets Containing \u3cem\u3eStylosanthes\u3c/em\u3e and Corn Silages

Reports of the use of tropical legumes in silage production are scarce as these legumes have high contents of crude protein, low water soluble carbohydrate and high buffering capacity, which inhibit the production of silages with good fermentation and nutritional characteristics. Recent research has, however, shown that it is possible to produce good quality silages using tropical legumes (Pereira et al. 2012). Souza et al. (2012) concluded that silage produced from Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande (Stylosanthes capitata + Stylosanthes macrocephala) at 60% proportion of the dry matter of the diet can replace corn silage in diets for beef cattle in feedlots without altering their intake and productive performance. However, the ideal proportion of this silage in the diets for beef cattle is still unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the intake and performance of beef cattle fed diets with Stylosanthes and corn silages

Efeito de dietas liquidas a base de leite integral e, ou, subprodutos de soja sobre algumas caracteristicas relacionadas a digestao, em bezerros.

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do leite integral (LI), de um sucedâneo comercial do leite à base de proteína texturizada de soja (SCPTS) e da mistura extrato de soja: leite integral 1:1 (ES:LI) sobre as digestibilidades aparentes da matéria seca (DAMS), da proteína bruta (DAPB), e da energia bruta (DAEB), o balanço de nitrogênio (BNI), a retenção de energia bruta (REB), a capacidade absortiva do intestino, a matéria seca nas fezes (MSF) e o pH da digesta abomasal. Utilizaram-se 12 bezerros mestiços Holandes-Zebu, com idade inicial média de cinco dias e peso vivo médio de 37 kg, distribuídos nos três tratamentos: LI (n=3), SCPTS (n=4) e ES:LI (n=5), em três fases experimentais. As dietas foram exclusivamente líquidas na fase 1 (22o ao 44o dia), suplementadas com concentrado na fase 2 (45o ao 91o dia) e sólidas (somente concentrado) na fase 3 (92o ao 110o dia). Analisaram-se DAMS, DAPB, DAEB, BNI e MSF em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC). Para o pH da digesta abomasal e xilose plasmática, utilizou-se DIC no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas os tratamentos e, nas subparcelas, os tempos de coleta. Os bezerros alimentados com leite integral apresentaram maiores DAMS, DAPB, DAEB, BNI, REB e capacidade absortiva no intestino, quando comparados aos que receberam o sucedâneo comercial contendo proteína texturizada de soja. O uso da mistura em partes iguais do extrato de soja e leite integral apresentou resultados intermediários. Não houve diferenças entre dietas para os teores de matéria seca nas fezes e o pH da digesta abomasal

Strike-slip faults mediate the rise of crustal-derived fluids and mud volcanism in the deep sea

We report on newly discovered mud volcanoes located at ∼4500 m water depth ∼90 km west of the deformation front of the accretionary wedge of the Gulf of Cadiz, and thus outside of their typical geotectonic environment. Seismic data suggest that fluid flow is mediated by a >400-km-long strike-slip fault marking the transcurrent plate boundary between Africa and Eurasia. Geochemical data (Cl, B, Sr, 87Sr/86Sr, δ18O, δD) reveal that fluids originate in oceanic crust older than 140 Ma. On their rise to the surface, these fluids receive strong geochemical signals from recrystallization of Upper Jurassic carbonates and clay-mineral dehydration in younger terrigeneous units. At present, reports of mud volcanoes in similar deep-sea settings are rare, but given that the large area of transform-type plate boundaries has been barely investigated, such pathways of fluid discharge may provide an important, yet unappreciated link between the deeply buried oceanic crust and the deep ocean