Prospects of Upgrade of the Main Drives of CNC Machine Tools Using Mechatronic Modules

This article observes the principles of construction and operation of the belt drives with detached electric motor and the drives with motor spindle. It also describes the characteristics of the elements used in spindles. In choosing a spindle, one proceeds from the primary and secondary requirements for the machine tool: rotation speed, power output, hardness, workspace dimensions, design complexity, application area, option of repair and replacement, and cost. The article considers the advantages and disadvantages of the spindles with additional mechanic gears and the motor spindles. As an example, we compare variants of upgrade of the «16M30F3» machine tool’s main drive. As a result, the following conclusions were made: motor spindle has more advantages than standard drive, but it is way more expensive and its repair is more difficult. Hence, this spindle type is only applicable to machine tools with high standards of quality and performance. Belt-driven spindle is special for easy repair and a wide range of technical specifications: one can choose multiple motor variants for one drive; again, it is much cheaper than motor spindle. However, final decision on spindle should concern the main requirements for the machine tool, workplace dimensions, application of the machine tool and, possibly, financial restrictions. Keywords: CNC machine tool, motor spindle, mechatronics, machine building, electric drive, electric motor, motion control, built-in motor

Smart Thermostats in Building Automation Systems and Smart Homes

This article surveys the current achievements concerning smart thermostats for smart homes and smart buildings and observes the level of smartness of the microclimate control systems for buildings and rooms. The article shows the results of analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the marketed solutions and sets requirements for smart thermostat as a component of building automation system. All solutions were classified at three “smartness levels”, from zero to second, where zero level means simple manually adjusted temperature regulator, first level assumes working according the programmable schedule. The second level smart thermostat automatically generates and dynamically changes its schedule basing on the users’ activity and presence, as well as on user-defined priorities. The article sets goals for further research in the field of self-learning algorithms for smart thermostat, because it seems actual to develop a self-learning smart thermostat capable of supporting a large buildings; it should analyze user behavior and effect control both at the level of a whole building and at the level of single rooms. Keywords: smart thermostat, smart home, building automation, energy saving, control systems, controller, regulator, algorith

Project-Based Learning at Nizhny Tagil Technological Institute of Ural Federal University

This study describes the processes of projecting and implementation of project-based learning at Nizhniy Tagil Technological Institute of UrFU. We observe the adopted conception supposing cooperation of teachers, external and internal consultants and experts, customers and students; such cooperation is aimed at creating a unique product, service or technological advance and results (besides the product, service or technological advance) in planned and extra educational outcome. The principal goal of adoption of project-based learning at the institute is to adjust the academic departments of the institute according to the business-based model. The main idea is that “A specialists grows in a professional environment”. Such an environment should be created through organization of project activities at the institute with professionals participating as experts, consultants or customers. Representatives of the professional community will benefit due to the opportunity to “see their future workers at work”, test their adventurous ideas and implement projects with limited budget. By stimulating business activities, the institute becomes a center of much-in-demand competences, forms technological advances and favors emergence of research teams. The study presents methodical and organizational practices and the achieved results. Keywords: education, project-based learning, training, competence, implementation, learning-by-doing, skills, practic

The software system for modelling gas-dynamic parameters of the opencast atmosphere

The local meteorological elements are connected with technical, economic and social parameters of the opencast atmosphere. The goal of this paper is the realization of methods and the developing of software for the calculation and visualization of the distribution of contaminations in the quarry atmosphere based on a simulation study for the dynamics of moving air masses in the opencast space. The environmental impact of mining dust spreading on the concentration of pollutants has been described. Quarry aerology for open-pit mines exploits applications of the theory of functions of complex variables for computing concentration of harmful substances and convective airflows in the local space. The software system for calculation of gas-dynamic parameters in the opencast atmosphere has been developed in the Delphi environment and tested at the calculation of natural ventilation in open-pit mine. The usage of a single vortex method allows creating effective design models, which possess a withstandability of systems of the algebraic equations to define the air-stream velocity in magnitude and in direction at any point of the mine. The algorithm of this method is modified for a task of the simulation study of the mine’s space. The problem solution was made on the basis of the mine’s designed profiles for 2010 and 2015 built with taking into account prevailing directions of the wind (North, South, West, East). After the velocity field calculation on the basis of the preset information about the location of harmful condition sources is computed the concentration pattern of harmful conditions. By the results of calculations for such fields, by the interpolation of values between the mine’s profiles, as a whole, is determined the condition of contamination in the opencast atmosphere. Calculating data on harmful substances distribution in the local atmosphere have allowed determining the contours and volumes of zones in the quarry. The developed program and methodical complex allows performing on-line computation for hydrodynamical fields, and simulating on their basis a change in powder-gas conditions in the opencast. At that the development of mining operations is considered, as well as the evaluation and prediction the condition of air contamination in the environment atmosphere at the area of operations of the works. The results of calculations may be used for creation an ecological GIS of the mining-and-processing integrated works and for the designing a forced ventilation of mines. The further development of this project is the creation of an intellectual system for decision-making in real time, so that to reveal and neutralize the dangerous areas in respect of the factor powder-gas at workplaces in deep opencasts

Analysis of the payback period of a modernized pump unit with induction electric motors of advanced energy efficiency classes

Aim. The comparative analysis of energy consumption, electricity costs during lifetime cycle and payback period of a pump unit with 90 kW 2-pole induction motors, belonging to various energy efficiency classes, feeding directly from power grid. Methods. The examined operating modes aligned with a typical operating cycle of a pump unit with approximately constant flow rate of 75-110 % of the rated flow. The calculations were based on the pump and induction motors nameplate data, which, in their turn, were based on the manufacturers’ experimental data. Results. The calculations of energy consumption, electricity costs and payback periods of a pump unit with 90 kW 2-pole induction motors, feeding directly from power grid have been performed in the article. The application of induction motors belonging to IE2, IE3 and IE4 energy efficiency classes has been discussed. Practical value. It has been demonstrated, than in case of replacement of an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE2 due to planned retrofit, payback period for an IE4 induction motor is 2.18 years, energy savings within a calculated 20-year operating period are 268MW·h, which makes €41110 in money terms. Under the same conditions, the replacement of an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE2 with an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE3 will allow to save 88 MW·h within a calculated operating period, which, expressed in monetary terms, is €13500 and the payback period is 5.11 years. Thus, the article proves that despite a higher initial price, the choice of an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE4 tends to be more economically advantageous

Анализ срока окупаемости модернизированной насосной установки при использовании асинхронных двигателей повышенных классов энергоэффективности

Aim. The comparative analysis of energy consumption, electricity costs during lifetime cycle and payback period of a pump unit with 90 kW 2-pole induction motors, belonging to various energy efficiency classes, feeding directly from power grid. Methods. The examined operating modes aligned with a typical operating cycle of a pump unit with approximately constant flow rate of 75-110 % of the rated flow. The calculations were based on the pump and induction motors nameplate data, which, in their turn, were based on the manufacturers’ experimental data. Results. The calculations of energy consumption, electricity costs and payback periods of a pump unit with 90 kW 2-pole induction motors, feeding directly from power grid have been performed in the article. The application of induction motors belonging to IE2, IE3 and IE4 energy efficiency classes has been discussed. Practical value. It has been demonstrated, than in case of replacement of an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE2 due to planned retrofit, payback period for an IE4 induction motor is 2.18 years, energy savings within a calculated 20-year operating period are 268MW·h, which makes €41110 in money terms. Under the same conditions, the replacement of an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE2 with an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE3 will allow to save 88 MW·h within a calculated operating period, which, expressed in monetary terms, is €13500 and the payback period is 5.11 years. Thus, the article proves that despite a higher initial price, the choice of an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE4 tends to be more economically advantageous.Цель. Сравнительный анализ расчетов энергопотребления, затрат на электроэнергию в течение жизненного цикла и сроков окупаемости насосной установки с 2-полюсными асинхронными электродвигателями мощностью 90 кВт различных классов энергоэффективности, питающимися напрямую от электрической сети. Методика Рассматриваемые режимы работы соответствовали типовому циклу работы, характерному для насосных установок с приблизительно постоянным расходом 75-110 % от номинального. Расчет основывался на паспортных данных насоса и электродвигателей, которые в свою очередь основаны на экспериментальных данных производителей. Результат В статье произведен расчеты энергопотребления, затрат на электроэнергию и сроков окупаемости насосной установки с 2-полюсными асинхронными электродвигателями мощностью 90 кВт, питающимися напрямую от электрической сети. Рассмотрено применение электродвигателей с классами энергоэффективности IE2, IE3 и IE4. Практическое значение. Показано, что в случае замены электродвигателя класса энергоэффективности IE2 в связи с плановой модернизацией электродвигателем класса энергоэффективности IE4 срок окупаемости для электродвигателя класса энергоэффективности IE4 составляет 2,18 года, экономия электроэнергии в течение расчетного 20-летнего срока эксплуатации составляет 268 МВт·ч, что в денежном выражении составляет 41110 €. При тех же условиях замена электродвигателя класса энергоэффективности IE2 на электродвигатель класса энергоэффективности IE3 позволит достичь экономии электроэнергии в течение расчетного срока эксплуатации 88 МВт·ч, что составляет в денежном выражении 13500 €, и срока окупаемости 5,11 года. Таким образом, в статье показано, что, несмотря на более высокую начальную стоимость, выбор электродвигателя класса энергоэффективности IE4 более выгоден с экономической точки зрения

THE SOFTWARE SYSTEM FOR MODELLING GAS-DYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF THE OPENCAST ATMOSPHERE

The local meteorological elements are connected with technical, economic and social parameters of the opencast atmosphere. The goal of this paper is the realization of methods and the developing of software for the calculation and visualization of the distribution of contaminations in the quarry atmosphere based on a simulation study for the dynamics of moving air masses in the opencast space. The environmental impact of mining dust spreading on the concentration of pollutants has been described. Quarry aerology for open-pit mines exploits applications of the theory of functions of complex variables for computing concentration of harmful substances and convective airflows in the local space. The software system for calculation of gas-dynamic parameters in the opencast atmosphere has been developed in the Delphi environment and tested at the calculation of natural ventilation in open-pit mine. The usage of a single vortex method allows creating effective design models, which possess a withstandability of systems of the algebraic equations to define the air-stream velocity in magnitude and in direction at any point of the mine. The algorithm of this method is modified for a task of the simulation study of the mine’s space. The problem solution was made on the basis of the mine’s designed profiles for 2010 and 2015 built with taking into account prevailing directions of the wind (North, South, West, East). After the velocity field calculation on the basis of the preset information about the location of harmful condition sources is computed the concentration pattern of harmful conditions. By the results of calculations for such fields, by the interpolation of values between the mine’s profiles, as a whole, is determined the condition of contamination in the opencast atmosphere. Calculating data on harmful substances distribution in the local atmosphere have allowed determining the contours and volumes of zones in the quarry. The developed program and methodical complex allows performing on-line computation for hydrodynamical fields, and simulating on their basis a change in powder-gas conditions in the opencast. At that the development of mining operations is considered, as well as the evaluation and prediction the condition of air contamination in the environment atmosphere at the area of operations of the works. The results of calculations may be used for creation an ecological GIS of the mining-and-processing integrated works and for the designing a forced ventilation of mines. The further development of this project is the creation of an intellectual system for decision-making in real time, so that to reveal and neutralize the dangerous areas in respect of the factor powder-gas at workplaces in deep opencasts

FEATURES OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION UNDER CONDITIONS OF POST-PANDEMIC PERIODIZATION

В статье авторами исследуются инновационно-инвестиционное развитие региона в постпандемический период борьбы с инфекцией короновируса в Самарской области,особенно в промышенном комплексе. Определено, что инновационно-инвестиционная деятельность региона начала свое осуществление на неподготовленной базе противодействия ковид. В работе проведен статистический анализ показателей инновационно-инвестиционной деятельности региона. Авторами сделаны выводы, что для эффективного инновационно-инвестиционного развития промышленного комплекса региона необходимо привлечь инвестиции и повысить инновационную активность субъектов экономики. In the article, the authors investigate the innovative and investment development of the region in the post-pandemic period of the fight against coronavirus infection in the Samara region, especially in the industrial complex. It is determined that the innovation and investment activity of the region began its implementation on an unprepared basis for countering covid. The work carried out a statistical analysis of indicators of innovation and investment activities in the region. The authors concluded that for the effective innovation and investment development of the industrial complex of the region, it is necessary to attract investments and increase the innovative activity of economic entities.Статья подготовлена в рамках НИР «Инвестиционная активность промышленных предприятий Самарской области и разработка комплекса мероприятий по ускорению роста и повышению эффективности инвестиций в основной капитал на этапе постпандемического развития экономики региона» (шифр темы 230х-001) по заказу Агентства по привлечению инвестиций Самарской области