The Use of Low-temperature Potential of the Environment in Energy-efficient Refrigeration Supply Technologies of the Enterprises of GC “Titan”

AbstractThe paper deals with issues on the improvement of the refrigeration supply system of a petrochemical enterprise in Western Siberia. Using a low-temperature potential of the environment allows for saving on some productions up to 50% of energy resources. It also describes variants of refrigeration supply schemes using new energy-efficient technologies

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОМ ЛЕЧЕНИИ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ ТРАВМЫ ЧЕРЕПА И ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА

The paper presents main types of surgically relevant posttraumatic lesions in 4136 patients with skull vault as well as skull base defects, craniofacial deformities, recurrent CSF leaks, arterio-venous fistulas, aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms etc. Classification of TBI sequelae and complications as well as its clinical course grading is presented. The use of modern neuroimaging techniques for studying pathophysiologic mechanisms and complications of TBI has been demonstrated. Special emphasis was given to minimally invasive and reconstructive surgery; computer modeling with subsequent full-copy stereolitographic laser implant setup was shown which is of great importance in cases of large and complex skull base and craniofacial deformities. Patient selection for transcranial and endonasal CSF leak closure techniques was justified. Treatment of post-traumatic vascular injuries using Serbinenko balloon-catheters as well as modern techniques such as stents, coils and embolization has been demonstrated.  В сообщении (созданном по материалам доклада, представленного на Сессии общего собрания РАМН, Санкт-Петербург, 14−15 июня 2012 г.) представлены основные хирургически значимые формы посттравматической патологии у 4136 пациентов с дефектами и деформациями костей свода, основания черепа и лицевого скелета, рецидивирующей ликвореей, артериосинусными соустьями, истинными и ложными аневризмами и др. Разработана классификация последствий и осложнений черепно-мозговой травмы, а также периодизация ее клинического течения. Раскрыты возможности современных нейровизуализационных технологий распознавания и исследования патогенеза последствий и осложнений черепно-мозговой травмы. Особое внимание уделено реконструктивной и минимально инвазивной хирургии, детально описан метод компьютерного моделирования и последующего стереолитографического лазерного воспроизведения полномасштабных копий черепа, его дефектов и имплантатов,  что особенно значимо при обширных и сложных краниобазальных и краниофациальных повреждениях. Обосновано дифференцированное применение интракраниальных и эндоназальных доступов для закрытия хронических ликворных фистул. Вместе с впервые созданной в НИИ нейрохирургии им. Н.Н. Бурденко методикой эндоваскулярной реконструкции магистральных сосудов с помощью баллонов-катетеров Ф.А. Сербиненко представлены новые подходы, опирающиеся на современные технологии с использованием стентов, микроспиралей и эмболизирующих композиций.

A new generation of 99.999% enriched 28Si single crystals for the determination of Avogadro's constant

A metrological challenge is currently underway to replace the present definition of the kilogram. One prerequisite for this is that the Avogadro constant, NA, which defines the number of atoms in a mole, needs to be determined with a relative uncertainty of better than 2  ×  10−8. The method applied in this case is based on the x-ray crystal density experiment using silicon crystals. The first attempt, in which silicon of natural isotopic composition was used, failed. The solution chosen subsequently was the usage of silicon highly enriched in 28Si from Russia. First, this paper reviews previous efforts from the very first beginnings to an international collaboration with the goal of producing a 28Si single crystal with a mass of 5 kg, an enrichment greater than 0.9999 and of sufficient chemical purity. Then the paper describes the activities of a follow-up project, conducted by PTB, to produce a new generation of highly enriched silicon in order to demonstrate the quasi-industrial and reliable production of more than 12 kg of the 28Si material with enrichments of five nines. The intention of this project is also to show the availability of 28Si single crystals as a guarantee for the future realisation of the redefined kilogram

The Shape Memory Effect in 50.3Mn-39.7Ni-10.0Al Alloy

The shape memory effect has been observed in 50.3Mn- 39.7Ni-10.0Al alloy by thermal cycling under a load and bending at room temperature. A particular apparatus for bending tests is described. The second phase particles improve ductility of the intermetallic but result in incomplete shape recovery. Deformation of a dual phase material consisting the hard intermetallic matrix and the particles of the soft disordered phase is discussed

Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of leiomyoma and endometrial tissue in patients with uterine leiomyoma and endometrial hyperplasia

Background. Uterine leiomyoma and endometrial hyperplasia are commonly found disorders because of quite similar pathogenic pathways associated with action of sex steroids such as estradiol and progesterone. The gold standard of treatment of combination of uterine leiomyoma and endometrial hyperplasia is myomectomy with further prescription of gestagens. Objective. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of leiomyoma and endometrial tissue in patients with uterine leiomyoma and endometrial hyperplasia. Methods. In this study histological and immunohistochemical analysis of leiomyoma and endometrium samples were conducted in 30 patients with uterine leiomyoma and endometrial hyperplasia. Further evaluation with transvaginal ultrasound end endometrial biopsy was conducted in 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results. In women with combined endometrial hyperplasia and uterine leiomyoma there is an increased risk of myoma relapse (23.3%) and treatment failure of endometrial hyperplasia (36.7%) after traditional treatment with gestagens. Among 7 patients with leiomyoma recurrence there was persistence of endometrial hyperplasia what was associated with increased proliferation, angiogenesis and decreased apoptosis. Conclusion. During a comprehensive immunohistochemical study of endometrial biopsies and uterine leiomyoma in women with histologically verified uterine leiomyoma and endometrial hyperplasia common immunohistochemical features had been identified such as increased expression of ki-67 and VEGF and bcl-2. It was proposed that traditional scheme using derivatives of progesterone should be avoided in such patients. In order to optimize treatment outcomes in women with such findings proposed treatment of choice should be drugs with severe suppressive action on proliferation, angiogenesis with simultaneous stimulating action on apoptosis. Drug of choice in such case should be GnRH agonist what should be assessed in future research. Citation: Potapov VA, Donskaya YuV, Medvedev MV. [Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of leiomyoma and endometrial tissue in patients with uterine leiomyoma and endometrial hyperplasia]. Morphologia. 2014;8(1):80-4. Ukrainian

Improvement of soldier survivability by signature management

R&D in the field of ballistic protection of an individual soldier have led to creation of personal protection equipment. Modern body armor allows substantial reduction of personnel losses from small arms. Unfortunately, it is not possible to ensure complete protection of the soldier by only those technical solutions which reduce threat penetration into the body armor, since the power of weapons is constantly increa sing and non-lethal ammunition has appeared; but the acceptable weight of body armor is limited. The paper presents the results of development of such components of soldier's equipment which improve his protection by reducing his signature for visual, night vision, thermal and radar reconnaissance

Effect of L1o → Ni5Al3 Reordering on Properties of Martensitic Ni-Al Alloys

L1o → Ni5Al3 reordering and related properties in powder Ni-Al alloys consisting 64-65 at.%Ni have been examined by X-ray diffraction and dilatometric and damping capacity measurements. The Ni5Al3 formation occurs in the L1o matrix by simple reordering of atoms with a continuous increase of the c/a ratio. As a result, degradation of shape memory effect and decrease of damping capacity are observed after short-time annealing at 200-300°C