The role of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants in protecting the skin from the negative effects of exposome

Human skin forms the external barrier of the body, which protects us from the effects of the exposome, which is understood as the entire set of external influences on the body. The most important role in the implementation of the protective function of the skin is played by endogenous antioxidants of various structure and chemical properties. An increase in the negative effect of the exposome leads to the fact that endogenous antioxidants are unable to completely prevent the development of oxidative stress and the resulting structural and functional disorders in the skin. Strengthening the antioxidant status of the skin as a result of the topical and systemic (as nutrients) use of exogenous antioxidants is considered as a promising strategy for the prevention of skin diseases.Кожа человека формирует внешний барьер организма, защищающий нас от воздействия экспосома, под которым понимают всю совокупность внешних воздействий на организм. Важнейшую роль в реализации защитной функции кожи играют различные по структуре и химическим свойствам эндогенные антиоксиданты. Усиление негативного воздействия экспосома приводит к тому, что эндогенные антиоксиданты оказываются неспособными полностью предотвратить развитие оксидантного стресса и обусловленных им структурно-функциональных нарушений в коже. Усиление антиоксидантного статуса кожи в результате топического (в виде кремов) и системного (как нутриентов) использования экзогенных антиоксидантов рассматривается как перспективная стратегия профилактики кожных заболеваний

Dependence of cytokinemia on the clinical course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with hypertension.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease. The prevalence of COPD continues to increase steadily. 90% of patients with COPD have at least one comorbid pathology. Among concomitant COPD diseases pathologies of the cardiovascular system prevail. The variety of the disease course in patients is the basis for distinguishing COPD patients with similar pathophysiological mechanisms based on analysis of biomarkers. The aim of the study was to analyze the dependence of cytokinemia (interleukin-18 and interleukin-10) on the clinical course of the disease in patients with COPD in combination with hypertension (HT). In total, 100 occupational COPD (GOLD 2, group B) patients in remission were monitored. The main group included 69 patients with COPD in combination with HT stage II, the comparison group - 31 patients with isolated COPD, and the control group - 20 healthy volunteers. All groups were comparable by sex and age. Levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were significantly higher in COPD patients combined with HT compared to healthy volunteers and isolated COPD. Growth of IL-18/IL-10 ratio is associated with increase in the degree of dyspnea, decrease in exercise tolerance, increase in desaturation during the 6-min walk test, decrease in body mass index, waist and mid-upper arm circumferences, and also more frequent detection of emphysematous changes in chest X-ray. Thus, the IL-18/IL-10 ratio reflects the state of the immune-inflammatory process and has the potential to predict the future risk of developing irreversible pathological changes in the respiratory tract, alveoli and lung vessels with the formation of emphysematous and fibrotic changes

Dependence of cytokinemia on the clinical course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with hypertension.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease. The prevalence of COPD continues to increase steadily. 90% of patients with COPD have at least one comorbid pathology. Among concomitant COPD diseases pathologies of the cardiovascular system prevail. The variety of the disease course in patients is the basis for distinguishing COPD patients with similar pathophysiological mechanisms based on analysis of biomarkers. The aim of the study was to analyze the dependence of cytokinemia (interleukin-18 and interleukin-10) on the clinical course of the disease in patients with COPD in combination with hypertension (HT). In total, 100 occupational COPD (GOLD 2, group B) patients in remission were monitored. The main group included 69 patients with COPD in combination with HT stage II, the comparison group - 31 patients with isolated COPD, and the control group - 20 healthy volunteers. All groups were comparable by sex and age. Levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were significantly higher in COPD patients combined with HT compared to healthy volunteers and isolated COPD. Growth of IL-18/IL-10 ratio is associated with increase in the degree of dyspnea, decrease in exercise tolerance, increase in desaturation during the 6-min walk test, decrease in body mass index, waist and mid-upper arm circumferences, and also more frequent detection of emphysematous changes in chest X-ray. Thus, the IL-18/IL-10 ratio reflects the state of the immune-inflammatory process and has the potential to predict the future risk of developing irreversible pathological changes in the respiratory tract, alveoli and lung vessels with the formation of emphysematous and fibrotic changes

Experimental studies of light-wave phase shift by polymer dispersed liquid crystal films

Polymermethacrylate (PMMA) and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) thin films with the dispersed liquid crystal droplets are prepared by the described technique. The measurements of light wave polarization-independent phase shift induced by the electric field are displayed. It was been shown that the phase shift in polymethylmethacrylate films can approach five radians at the applied electric field about 10 V/μm

Giant pulses of pulsar radio emission

Review report of giant pulses of pulsar radio emission, based on our detections of four new pulsars with giant pulses, and the comparative analysis of the previously known pulsars with giant pulses, including the Crab pulsar and millisecond pulsar PSR B1937+21.Comment: Proceedings of the 363. WE-Heraeus Seminar on: Neutron Stars and Pulsars (Posters and contributed talks) Physikzentrum Bad Honnef, Germany, May.14-19, 2006, eds. W.Becker, H.H.Huang, MPE Report 291, pp.72-7

Changes of Cytokine Level in Patients with Hypertension and Obesity, Depending on the Duration of the Disease

Interleukins (IL) 2, 6, 10, and C-reactive protein are crucial in arterial hypertension with obesity. Background. To identify the characteristics of inflammatory markers in patients with arterial hypertension and obesity, in accordance with the disease duration. Materials and Methods. The study involved 52 patients with stage II hypertension and obesity, divided in three groups according to the disease duration. In the first group consisted of 19 patients disease duration was 5 years, in the second (18 patients) — 6–10 years, and in the third one (15 patients) — more than 11 years. The serum levels of inflammatory markers were determined by ELISA. Results. When disease duration is 6–10 years, the IL‑6 level is increased slightly compared to the first group, and then decreased. The content of IL‑2 was increased in the first group by 3.74 times, and further decreased by 3.15 times and 3.04 times, respectively, compared to the controls. Levels of IL‑10 and C-reactive protein have the same tendency, as IL‑6. Conclusions. It was found that levels of interleukin 2, 6, 10, and C-reactive protein are significantly increased in patients with hypertension and obesity (greater levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines than the anti-inflammatory). Lengthening the duration of illness leads to less expressive inflammation that may indicate deeper immunological disorders. Initially increased blood concentration of cytokines and C-reactive protein became significantly reduced under standard therapy, but not significantly different from the controls, except the level of IL‑2

Historical preconditions for the formation of modern psychiatric hospital replacement care in the format of the cluster-modular system of the modern megapolis

The article analyzes first results of the functioning of the psychiatric service as a result of the introduction of a cluster-modular system into its organizational structure on the example of the State Budget Healthcare Institution “Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 13 of the Moscow City Health Department”. This study was conducted using the methods of study and generalization of experience, sociological, comparative and statistical analysis. The main performance indicators of the units of the cluster-modular system of the State Budgetary Institution “PKB No. 13 DZM” for 2015-2019 are studied. © 2021, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Institut Istorii (Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of General Hist. All rights reserved