The geometry of the double-pulsar system J0737-3039 from systematic intensity variations

The recent discovery of J0737-3039A & B-two pulsars in a highly relativistic orbit around one another - offers an unprecedented opportunity to study the elusive physics of pulsar radio emission. The system contains a rapidly rotating pulsar with a spin period of 22.7 ms and a slow companion with a spin period of 2.77 s, hereafter referred to as 'A' and 'B', respectively. A unique property of the system is that the pulsed radio flux from B increases systematically by almost two orders-of-magnitude during two short portions of each orbit. Here, we describe a geometrical model of the system that simultaneously explains the intensity variations of B and makes definitive and testable predictions for the future evolution of the emission properties of both stars. Our model assumes that B's pulsed radio flux increases when illuminated by emission from A. This model provides constraints on the spin axis orientation and emission geometry of A and predicts that its pulse profile will evolve considerably over the next several years due to geodetic precession until it disappears entirely in 15-20 years

Analyzing Digital Image by Deep Learning for Melanoma Diagnosis

Image classi cation is an important task in many medical applications, in order to achieve an adequate diagnostic of di erent le- sions. Melanoma is a frequent kind of skin cancer, which most of them can be detected by visual exploration. Heterogeneity and database size are the most important di culties to overcome in order to obtain a good classi cation performance. In this work, a deep learning based method for accurate classi cation of wound regions is proposed. Raw images are fed into a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) producing a probability of being a melanoma or a non-melanoma. Alexnet and GoogLeNet were used due to their well-known e ectiveness. Moreover, data augmentation was used to increase the number of input images. Experiments show that the compared models can achieve high performance in terms of mean ac- curacy with very few data and without any preprocessing.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Magnetospheric and solar wind dependences of coupled fast-mode resonances outside the plasmasphere

We investigate the magnetospheric and solar wind factors that control the occurrence probabilities, locations, and frequencies of standing Alfvén waves excited via coupled fast-mode resonances (cFMRs) in the outer magnetosphere's dawn and dusk sectors. The variation of these cFMR properties with the observed magnetospheric plasma density profiles and inputs to the semiempirically modeled magnetic field from the numerical cFMR calculations of Archer et al. (2015) are studied. The probability of cFMR occurrence increases with distance between the magnetopause and the Alfvén speed's local maximum. The latter's location depends on magnetospheric activity: during high activity it is situated slightly outside the plasmapause, whereas at low activity it is found at much larger radial distances. The frequencies of cFMR are proportional to the Alfvén speed near the magnetopause, which is affected by both density and magnetic field variations. The location of the excited resonance, however, depends on the relative steepness of the Alfvén speed radial profile. The steeper this is, the closer the resonance is to the outer boundary and vice versa. The variation of the density profiles with solar wind conditions and activity is also shown

Optimization viewpoint on Kalman smoothing, with applications to robust and sparse estimation

In this paper, we present the optimization formulation of the Kalman filtering and smoothing problems, and use this perspective to develop a variety of extensions and applications. We first formulate classic Kalman smoothing as a least squares problem, highlight special structure, and show that the classic filtering and smoothing algorithms are equivalent to a particular algorithm for solving this problem. Once this equivalence is established, we present extensions of Kalman smoothing to systems with nonlinear process and measurement models, systems with linear and nonlinear inequality constraints, systems with outliers in the measurements or sudden changes in the state, and systems where the sparsity of the state sequence must be accounted for. All extensions preserve the computational efficiency of the classic algorithms, and most of the extensions are illustrated with numerical examples, which are part of an open source Kalman smoothing Matlab/Octave package.Comment: 46 pages, 11 figure

Knowledge Distillation for Multi-task Learning

Multi-task learning (MTL) is to learn one single model that performs multiple tasks for achieving good performance on all tasks and lower cost on computation. Learning such a model requires to jointly optimize losses of a set of tasks with different difficulty levels, magnitudes, and characteristics (e.g. cross-entropy, Euclidean loss), leading to the imbalance problem in multi-task learning. To address the imbalance problem, we propose a knowledge distillation based method in this work. We first learn a task-specific model for each task. We then learn the multi-task model for minimizing task-specific loss and for producing the same feature with task-specific models. As the task-specific network encodes different features, we introduce small task-specific adaptors to project multi-task features to the task-specific features. In this way, the adaptors align the task-specific feature and the multi-task feature, which enables a balanced parameter sharing across tasks. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method can optimize a multi-task learning model in a more balanced way and achieve better overall performance.Comment: We propose a knowledge distillation method for addressing the imbalance problem in multi-task learnin

Rotation and Spin in Physics

We delineate the role of rotation and spin in physics, discussing in order Newtonian classical physics, special relativity, quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics and general relativity. In the latter case, we discuss the generalization of the Kepler formula to post-Newtonian order $(c^{-2}$) including spin effects and two-body effects. Experiments which verify the theoretical results for general relativistic spin-orbit effects are discussed as well as efforts being made to verify the spin-spin effects

Faktor Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Praktik Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun pada Siswa SD di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Banyuurip Purworejo

Handwashing with soap is the simplest way to prevent some infectious diseases such as diarrhea and hepatitis. Based on data from Health Profile in Purworejo District in 2015, it is known that the morbidity rate of diarrhea case in Banyuurip Public Health Center (PHC) is always higher than other PHCs in the same district. The purpose of this research is to analyze some factors related to practice of handwashing with soap in elementary schools, that are located in Banyuurip Public Health Center. This research is a quantitative study with descriptive analysis, using cross sectional approach. Samples of this research are 72 elementary school students located in Banyuurip Public Health Center, Purworejo. The result of this research showed that 68,1% of students practice handwashing with soap well and they used standardized tools, such as using flowing water, soap, towels or wipes, and they had done 7 steps of handwashing with soap. This study showed that 31,9% of students did not practice handwashing with soap well. Bivariate analysis showed that there are five variables related to handwashing with the soap i.e.: the knowledge about handwashing with soap (p-value = 0,019), attitude towards handwashing with soap (p-value = 0,009), teachers\u27 support (p-value = 0,005), peers\u27 support (p-value = 0,026), and availability of handwashing with soap facilities (p-value = 0.046). It is suggested to the relevant authorities to give health education about handwashing with soap in order to increase the knowledge and positive attitude among students toward handwashing with soap. The school is expected to complete some tools in supporting handwashing with soap at school. The teachers are expected to increase their support to students in practicing handwashing with soap, and they are also expected to guide students to give support each other to practice handwashing with soap well

Frequency variability of standing Alfven waves excited by fast mode resonances in the outer magnetosphere

NASA. Grant Number: NAS5-0209